Objective To observe the toxicity of fangyouling after one month’s transdermal administration in rabbits and evaluate its security. Methods Forty rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups including a control group and low,middle and high dose groups of fangyouling. The rabbits in the control group were administered with sunflower oil,and the other rabbits were administrated dermally with fangyouling of 50,300 and 2 000 mg/kg respectively once a day for 4 weeks. The general con?dition,the skin irritation reaction,body weight,food consumption,hematology,blood biochemistry,organ coefficients and his?topathological changes of all the rabbits were observed. Results There was no obvious effect on the general condition in all the rabbits. However,the mild skin irritation was observed in 2 rabbits of the middle dose group and 4 rabbits of the high?dose group. The decreases of body weight and food consumption were noted in the high dose group. No changes were detected of hema?tology,blood biochemistry or viscera pathological at all dose levels. Conclusion The dose of non?toxic response of fangyouling is 50 mg/kg at this study condition.

Biomedical Research ; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats ; Humans

Objective To investigate the role of hippocampal α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) in sevoflurane-induced deficit in long-term cognitive function in neonatal rats.Methods Sixty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 7 days,weighing 10-15 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =16each) using a random number table:control group (group C),sevoflurane anesthesia group (group S),sevoflurane anesthesia + α7nAChR agonist PNU-282987 group (group PS),and α7nAChR inhibitor MLA group (group M).In C and S groups,the rats inhaled 30％ oxygen and 3％ sevoflurane for 6 h,respectively.In group PS,PNU282987 (5 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally and 24 h later the rats were exposed to 3％ sevoflurane for 6 h.In group M,MLA 3 mg/kg was injected intrappritoneally and 24 h later the rats inhaled 30％ oxygen for 6 h.Eight rats in each group were randomly chosen and sacrificed immediately after oxygen or sevoflurane inhalation.The hippocampus was renoved for determination of the expression of α7nAChR and NR1,NR2A and NR2B subunitscontaining NMDA receptors in the total protein and membrane protein in hippocampal neurons.When the left rats in each group were raised to 2 months,Y-maze test was performed to detect the cognitive function.Results Compared with group C,the expression of α7nAChR and NR1,NR2A and NR2B subunits-containing NMDA receptors in the membrane protein was significantly down-regulated,and the percentage of spontaneous alternation was decreased in group S,the expression of NRI and NR2A subunits-containing NMDA receptors in the membrane protein was down-regulated (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in the expression of NR2B subunitscontaining NMDA receptors in the membrane protein and percentage of spontaneous alternation in group PS (P ＞ 0.05),and no significant change was found in the expression of NR1 and NR2A subunits-containing NMDA receptors in the membrane protein (P ＞ 0.05),and the expression of NR2B subunits-containing NMDA receptors in the membrane protein was down-regulated,and the percentage of spontaneous alternation was decreased in group M (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group S,no significant change was found in the expression of NR1 and NR2A subunits-containing NMDA receptors in the membrane protein (P ＞ 0.05),and the expression of NR2B subunitscontaining NMDA receptors in the membrane protein was significantly up-regulated,and the percentage of spontaneous alternation was increased in PS group (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the expression of α7nAChR and NR1,NR2A and NR2B subunits-containing NMDA receptors in the total protein and the number of entries into each arm in Y-maze test between the four groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which sevoflurane induces deficit in long-term cognitive function may be related to decreased function of hippocampal α7nAChR and inhibition of function of NMDA receptors in neonatal rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of sevoflurane anaesthesiaon the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA ) receptor in the developing hippocampal neurons in neonatal rats .Methods Sixty-four healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats ,aged 7 days ,weighing 10-15 g ,were randomly divided into 2 groups with 32 rats in each group using a random number table:control group (group C ) and sevoflurane anaesthesia group (group S ) . Animals in group C inhaled 30% oxygen for 6 h ,while animals in group S inhaled 3% sevoflurane for 6 h .Y-maze test was performed in the rats at 21 and 28 days after birth to evaluate the memory function .On 7 days after birth (immediately after the end of oxygen inhalation or sevoflurane anesthesia ) ,and 14 ,21 and 28 days after birth ,the expression of 1 ,2A and 2B subunits-containing NMDA receptors in the total protein and membrane protein in hippocampal neurons was determined by Western blot .The ratio of NMDA receptors in the membrane protein to those in the total protein (m/t ratio ) was calculated .Results Compared with group C ,the percentage of spontaneous alternation was significantly decreased on 21 and 28 days after birth ,the expression of 1 ,2A and 2B subunits-containing NMDA receptors in the membrane protein was down-regulated on 7-28 days after birth ,and m/t ratio was decreased in group S ( P<0.05) .There was no significant difference in the number of entries into each arm and expression of 1 ,2A and 2B subunits-containing NMDA receptors in the total protein between group C and group S ( P>0.05 ) .Conclusion The mechaism by which sevoflurane anaesthesia induces memory impairment in neonatal rats is related to inhibition of trafficking of NMDA receptors in the developing hippocampal neurons to the cell membrane ,and down-regulation of the number of NMDA receptors in the membrane protein .

Objective To investigate the clinical features, prognosis and risk factors of patients of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) complicated with cryptococcal meningitis (CM). Methods Totally 26 patients of AIDS with CM who were hospitalized in the No. 8th People's Hospital of Guangzhou were enrolled in this study. The clinical data including diagnosis,experimental and etiological test,treatments and prognosis from all the patients were analyzed retrospectively. The results of cerebrospinal fluid routine test and CD4+ T lymphocyte were compared with those of AIDS patients complicated with tuberculous meningitis. Results Among the 26 patients enrolled in the study, the positive rate of cerebrospinal fluid india ink smear or Crypotococcus neoforrnans euhure was 84.6%. The most common symptoms were fever, headache and meningeal irritation sign. The average CD4+ lymphocyte count was 17.83 × 106/L, which was statistically different from that of tuberculous meningitis patients. All the patients showed concomitant multiple organ infections. The mortality rate was as high as 42.3%. At the end of therapy, the cell counts in the eerebrospinal fluid were remarkably higher in the patients with unfavorable prognosis compared to the patients with good prognosis, which was statistically different. Conclusions CD4+ lymphocyte count is an important marker for differentiating CM from tuberculous meningitis in AIDS patients. The results of cerebrospinal fluid routine test can predict the prognosis.

Protein arginine methylation is an important post-translational modification (PTM) mediated by protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMTs), which is closely related to the occurrence and development of many diseases. Methylation of arginine is closely related to inflammatory diseases and fracture healing. Decreased expression of PRMTs can lead to delayed or even non-healing of fractures. Both PRMT5 and PRMT6 play an important role in fracture healing and are closely related to the PI3K-AKT and NF-κB pathways. Exploration the relationship between protein arginine methylation and fracture healing can provide a new way to prevent delayed or even non-healing fracture.

Objective:To explore the clinical phenotype and genetic basis of a child with Neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy (NLSDM).Methods:A child who was admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in February 2021 for a history of elevated creatine kinase (CK) for over 2 months was selected as the study subject. Clinical and laboratory examinations were carried out, and the child was subjected to whole exome sequencing. Candidate variants were validated by Sanger sequencing of her family members.Results:The patient, a 9-year-old female, had exhibited weakness in the lower limbs, elevated CK level, and refractory cardiomyotrophy. Genetic testing revealed that she has harbored c. 32C>G (p.S11W) and c. 516C>G (p.N172K) compound heterozygous variants of the PNPLA2 gene, which were respectively inherited from her mother and father. Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), both variants were rated as likely pathogenic (PM1+ PM2_Supporting+ PP3+ PP4). Conclusion:The c. 32C>G (p.S11W) and c. 516C>G (p.N172K) compound heterozygous variants of the PNPLA2 gene probably underlay the myasthenia gravis and elevated creatine kinase in this child.

PURPOSE: Hrd1 has recently emerged as a critical regulator of B-cells in autoimmune diseases. However, its role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to examine Hrd1 expression and B-cell accumulation and their possible roles in CRSwNP. METHODS: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting were used to assess gene and protein expression in nasal tissue extracts. Cells isolated from nasal tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were characterized by flow cytometry. Local antibody production was measured in tissue extracts with a Bio-Plex assay. Additionally, changes in Hrd1 expression in response to specific inflammatory stimuli were measured in cultured dispersed polyp cells. RESULTS: Nasal polyps (NPs) from patients with eosinophilic CRSwNP (ECRS) had increased levels of Hrd1, B-cells and plasma cells compared with NPs from patients with non-eosinophilic CRSwNP (non-ECRS) or other control subjects (P < 0.05). The average Hrd1 levels in B-cells in NPs from ECRS patients were significantly higher than those from non-ECRS patients and control subjects (P < 0.05). NPs also contained significantly increased levels of several antibody isotypes compared with normal controls (P < 0.05). Interestingly, Hrd1 expression in cultured polyp cells from ECRS patients, but not non-ECRS patients, was significantly increased by interleukin-1β, lipopolysaccharide and Poly(I:C) stimulation, and inhibited by dexamethasone treatment (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Differential Hrd1 expression and B-cell accumulation between the ECRS and non-ECRS subsets suggests that they can exhibit distinct pathogenic mechanisms and play important roles in NP.
Antibody Formation ; Autoimmune Diseases ; B-Lymphocytes* ; Blotting, Western ; Dexamethasone ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Eosinophils* ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Immunohistochemistry ; Nasal Polyps* ; Plasma Cells ; Polyps ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tissue Extracts

Objective To investigate the anatomical structure of the first plantar lumbrical muscle in the foot and to measure the relevant data which could provide anatomical basis for repairing thumb and finger defects with the transplantation of toes accompanied with the first lumbrical muscle,and to explore the marphological function of the first lumbrical muscle of the foot.Methods From March,2016 to January,2018,a systematic and detailed dissection of the 50 formalin-fixed feet was performed to observe the exact position of the starting and ending points of the first lumbrical muscle,and a Vernier caloper was used to measure the relevant record data.Results The first lumbrical muscle originates from the medial portion of the flexor digitorum lungus tendon of the second toe,and the length of the ventral muscle was [55.87±8.67(79.30-41.16] mm.There were 2 endpoints in the tendon.The first one was in the medial tubercle of the proximal phalanges.The second one was aponeurosis of the dorsal toe and the tendon was divided into proximal and distal segments with the medial tubercle as the mark point.The length of the proximal segment was [15.34±4.81(5.52-25.18] mm,the width of the proximal segment was [2.31±1.12(3.28-1.21)] mm,the thickness was [0.44±0.14(0.28-0.68)] mm;the length of the distal segment was [11.51±4.06(3.46-14.90)] mm,the width was [6.10±1.44(9.36-3.70)] mm,and the thickness was [0.18±0.09(1.10-0.38)] mm.The length and thickness of the proximal segment was signifantly larger than those of the distal segment (P＜0.05).Conclusion The first lumbrical muscle has the function of maintaining the balance and stability of both the toe and the arch during movement,flexuring the metatarsophalangeal joint,extending the interosseous joint of the extensor phalangeal,adducting the second toe;also the function of preventing the second toe from pronation during foots' movement.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy, safety and compliance of Voriconazole suspension formula on the prevention and treatment of invasive fungal infection (IFI) in children with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).Methods:Clinical data of 25 children treated Voriconazole suspension formula for the prevention and treatment of IFI during the period of allo-HSCT in the Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from August 1, 2020 to April 30, 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.The plasma trough concentration of Voriconazole was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), and the genotype of CYP2C19 was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The effect of CYP2C19 genotype on Voriconazole trough concentration was analyzed by rank-sum test, and Fisher′ s accurate test was used to analyze the influence of severity of gastrointestinal mucositis on serum trough concentration of Voriconazole in children with allo-HSCT. Results:A total of 25 children, including 18 males and 7 females were recruited.The median age at allo-HSCT was 6 (2-13) years.After initial administration of conventional dose of Voriconazole suspension formula during transplantation, plasma trough concentration of Voriconazole was intermittently monitored.Only 13 cases (52.0%) reached the target plasma trough concentration, 11 cases(44.0%) reached the target plasma trough concentration after adjusting the dose according to the plasma concentration, and 1 cases(4.0%) failed to reach it after increasing the dose twice.Genotype detection of CYP2C19 was performed in 20 children, involving 4 cases of poor metabolizers (PM), 9 cases of intermediate metabolizers (IM), 6 cases of extensive metabolizers (EM), and 1 case of ultra extensive metabolizer (UEM). A significant difference in plasma trough concentration was detected among all groups ( F=24.012, P<0.01). During the transplantation, 12 cases developed mild to moderate gastrointestinal mucositis, and 7 cases had severe gastrointestinal mucositis.The stan-dard rate of plasma trough concentration in children with severe gastrointestinal mucositis (1/7 cases, 14.3%)was significantly lower than those with mild to moderate gastrointestinal mucositis (9/12 cases, 75.0%) ( P=0.02). Five children (71.4%) with severe gastrointestinal mucositis could reach the target trough concentration after increasing the drug dose, suggesting that severe gastrointestinal mucositis had a great influence on the plasma concentration of Vorico-nazole suspension.The incidence of IFI in 25 children with allo-HSCT was 0, and the compliance of children taking Voriconazole dry suspension was 100.0%.The incidence of adverse reactions was 24.0% and all adverse reactions were relieved after symptomatic treatment. Conclusions:The plasma concentration of Voriconazole varies greatly among children and in different states of the same patient.Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the trough concentration of the drug and adjust the drug dose.The use of Voriconazole suspension formula for the prevention and treatment of fungal infection during allo-HSCT in children is clinically safe and effective, with a good compliance in children.