Objective To explore the relationship among boredom proneness,core self-evaluation and aggression in medical students and to provide clues and evidence for preventing aggression and their relevant interventions.Methods The Boredom Proneness Scale for College Students(C-BPQ),Chinese Version of Buss & Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ-CV)and Core Self-evaluations Scale were employed to investigate 1667 medical students in one medical university in Ningxia.Results There were significant differences between high and low boredom proneness groups in core self-evaluations,total aggression score and each factors (core self-evaluations:(29.67±5.10) vs (41.67±4.64),AQ-CV scores:(36.43±17.18) vs (17.58±12.45),physical aggression:(31.62 ±20.46) vs (17.02 ±15.28),verbal aggression:(37.44±19.03) vs (24.68±17.14),anger:(40.93±22.32) vs (18.85±16.86),hostility:(37.34± 19.41) vs (14.86± 13.57),self-aggression:(35.47 ±21.66) vs (13.57± 14.28),all P＜0.001).There were positive correlation among total score of boredom proneness,internal and external stimuli dimensions,total score of AQ-CV and each factors (P＜0.001) and negative correlation between total score of boredom proneness and core self-evaluation(P＜0.001).There were negative correlation among core self-evaluation score,AQ-CV scores and each factor(P＜0.001).Regression analysis showed that boredom proneness and core self-evaluation could predict the aggression to a certain extent (P＜0.01).Core self-evaluation played a mediating role between boredom proneness and aggression taking 48.25％ proportion of the total effect of the mediation.Conclusion Boredom proneness is closely related to aggressive behavior.Core self-evaluation plays a mediating role between boredom proneness and aggression.

Objective To investigate the detectable rate and correlative factors of behavior problems among Hui nationality left-behind children in Ningxia rural area.Methods 1394 children,between 6 and 15 years old,of which 282 were Hui nationality children and 112 were Hui left-behind children,were selected from six primary schools and two junior middle schools using cluster random sampling method in Yongning,Ningxia.All of them were assessed by the Achenbach 's Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and self-designed General Information Questionnaire.Logistic regression method was used to analyze the correlative factors of behavior problems.Results The detectable rate of behavior problems among Hui nationality children between 6 and 15 years old was 31.25％,which was higher than the Han nationality left-behind children' s(17.84％) and Hui nationality nonleft-behind children' s (14.12％).Among the Hui left-behind children,those who between 6 and 11 years old,had been left alone between 5 and 7,and whose parents exchanging ideas with teachers less than one time a month had higher detectable rates (x2 =14.904,6.327,7.904,P ＜ 0.05).Among the Hui ethnic children,the detectable rates of those who between 6 and 11 yeas old were higher than that of the non-left-behind children' s(P ＜ 0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that Hui ethnic left-behind children between 12 and 15 years old (OR =0.179) and those whose parents contacted with their teachers frequently(OR =0.362) had less possibilities to attach behavior problems.Conclusion The detectable rate of behavior problems among Hui nationality left-behind Children between 6 andl5 years old in Ningxia is higher,and the correlative factors are complex.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare nicotine ethosome and study its transdermal permeability in vitro. METHODS:Injection method was adopted to prepare nicotine ethosome. Single-factor test was conducted to study the effects of the amounts of ethanol and phospholipid on the particle size and encapsulation efficiency of the ethosome. Franz diffusion cell was employed to conduct permeability test on excised rat skin to compare cumulative permeating quantities of the nicotine in nicotine ethosome,nicotine lipo-some and nicotine ethanol solution. Confocal laser scanning electron microscope was applied to observe the penetration depths of rhodamine B-containing nicotine ethosome,nicotine liposome and the solution of nicotine ethanol solution in the in vitro rat skin. RESULTS:When the formulation contained 3%(m/V)phospholipid and 35%(V/V)ethanol,the obtained nicotine ethosome had the smallest particle size [(105 ± 11.5) nm] and the highest encapsulation efficiency [(89.13 ± 6.12)%]. Compared with nicotine ethosome and the nicotine ethanol solution,nicotine ethosome had the largest cumulative permeating quantity in vitro at 12 h. Fur-thermore,the above-mentioned 3 preparations all became saturated in permeability at 12 h with the penetration depths of 80 μm, 156 μm and 175 μm,respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The nicotine ethosome that can increase the transdermal permeability of nico-tine has been prepared successfully.

Objective To evaluate the effect of ropivacaine combined with low-dose naloxone or sufentanilropivacaine mixture on brachial plexus block carried under the guidance of ultrasound.Methods A total of 100 patients of our hospital undergoing upper limb surgery was randomly divided into four groups with 25 patients in each group.Four groups are patients receiving 20 mL of 0.375％ mesylate ropivacaine (Group D),20 mL of 0.375％ mesylate ropivacaine + 10 μg sufentanil (Group S),20 mL of 0.375％ mesylate ropivacaine + 100 ng naloxone (Group N) and 20 mL of 0.375％ mesylate ropivacaine + 10 μg sufentanil +100 ng naloxone (Group N+S).All patients underwent interscalene brachial plexus block under ultrasound guidance.The sensory block,motor block and other adverse reactions were observed and recorded at 5min,6,12,18,24 h.Results The sensory and motor block time of group D was (435.5 ± 77.9) min and (350.2 ± 69.8) min,group S (831.7 ± 52.0)min and (675.8 ± 48.1)min,group N (933.0 ± 117.1) min and (499.0 ± 40.5) min,group N+S (919.3 ± 59.0) min and (534.8 ± 56.6)min.The sensory block time of group N and group N + S were significantly longer than that of group D and S (P ＜0.05).The sensory and motor block time of group D were obviously shorter than that of other groups (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant difference in the onset time of sensory and motor block in all groups.Conclusion Low dose of naloxone combined with ropivacaine or sufentanil-ropivacaine mixture can increase the duration of sensory block on brachial plexus.

Abstract: Objective　To study severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) in tick samples from different species and genera in Suizhou City, Hubei Province, China, and to explore the phylogenetic relationship between ticks and patients sources of viruses at the molecular evolutionary level. Methods In 2016 and 2017, over a continuous two-year period, 1 158 ticks were collected from Suizhou, Hubei, and their species and genera were identified. Meanwhile, 86 serum samples were collected to detect SFTSV RNA by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. All viral RNA-positive supernatants of tick homogenates were inoculated into Vero cells for viral isolation, and full genome sequencing of isolated strains was conducted. Phylogenetic tree research on SFTSV strains from ticks and cases was performed using the bootstrapped maximum-likelihood (1 000 iterations) method with Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software, ver. 11.0 to provide confidence estimates. Results Haemaphysalis longicornis, Ixodes sinensis, and Rhipicephalus microplus were the dominant species (95.34%) in Suizhou City, Hubei Province, China. Tick samples were pooled according to their species and developmental stage, yielding 832 pools, of which 4 were positive for SFTSV by qRT-PCR. The overall minimum infection rate (MIR) in the region was 0.35%. One SFTSV strain named HB 2016-P35, was successfully isolated from Haemaphysalis longicornis and demonstrated high homology to 16 previously reported patient-derived viruses in Hubei Province, especially to the human strain HB 2017-49 from the same region, with a genome similarity of 99.9%. In addition, the molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed five distinct SFTSV genotypes in Hubei, covering almost all currently known SFTSV genotypes. Conclusions Some areas of Suizhou City, Hubei Province, demonstrate a relatively low level of SFTSV carrying and transmission by ticks. The new SFTSV strain isolated from ticks exhibits similar genotype characteristics and high sequence homology with viruses carried by cases in surrounding cases. The study suggests that tick-to-human transmission is most likely the pathway for human infection with SFTSV, highlighting the need for continual and long-term monitoring of tick carriage of SFTSV in endemic areas.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of temperature and humidity on the drug stability by initial average rate experiment, and to obtained the kinetic parameters. METHODS: The effect of concentration error, drug degradation extent, humidity and temperature numbers, humidity and temperature range, and average humidity and temperature on the accuracy and precision of kinetic parameters in the initial average rate experiment was explored. The stability of vitamin C, as a solid state model, was investigated by an initial average rate experiment. RESULTS: Under the same experimental conditions, the kinetic parameters obtained from this proposed method were comparable to those from classical isothermal experiment at constant humidity. The estimates were more accurate and precise by controlling the extent of drug degradation, changing humidity and temperature range, or by setting the average temperature closer to room temperature. CONCLUSION Compared with isothermal experiments at constant humidity, our proposed method saves time, labor, and materials.
Ascorbic Acid ; chemistry ; Drug Stability ; Humidity ; Kinetics ; Temperature

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of externalizing behavior problems (EBPs) and its influencing factors among Hui left-behind children (LBC) in rural China. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among school students from the southern rural areas in Ningxia, China (2012–2013). The general self-made questionnaire, Egma Minnen av Bardndosna Uppforstran, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (for Children), Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale, and Achenbach’s Child Behavior Checklist (for parents) were used to investigate the related information. Binary logistic regressions were conducted. Results: The prevalence of EBPs in boys Hui LBC was significantly higher than that of non-LBC (12.37% vs. 6.84%, χ2=4.09, and p=0.04). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low self-awareness of behavior (odds ratio [OR]=29.78), introversion (OR=21.67) and intermediate personality (OR=15.83), poor academic performance (OR=11.65) and both parent migrating (OR=2.73) were the risk factors for the EBPs of Hui LBC, while middle and high father refusal and denial (OR=0.11, OR=0.09) were their protective factors. Conclusion Our findings suggest that both parent migrating is a potential risk factor for EBPs among Hui LBC. Hui boys LBC should be paid more attention when formulating relevant policies.

Septin 9 (SEPT9) gene, a member of the conserved framework protein genes family, has guanosine triphosphataseg (GTPase) activity and play an important role in a wide range of biological processes such as cell division, cell polarization and membrane remodeling.Accumulated evidence have confirmed that SEPT9is closely related to the generation and development of human diseases.And SEPT9has become the new aroused general interest in tumor related research at this stage.This article mainly reviews the structural features of SEPT9gene, action mechanism of SEPT9protein and the role of SEPT9gene in a variety of common oncogenesis, and explores the potential value of SEPT9as a marker in early tumor screening.

Objective To observe the value of radiomics models and nomogram model based on two-dimensional ultrasound and automated breast volume scanning(ABVS)for predicting molecular types of breast cancer.Methods Data of 326 female patients of single breast cancer confirmed by pathology were analyzed retrospectively.The patients were randomly divided into training set(n=260)or validation set(n=66)at the ratio of 8∶2,and further divided into Luminal subgroup and non-Luminal subgroup.Radiomics features were extracted based on two-dimensional ultrasound of breast and ABVS imaging,then model2DUS,modelABVS and modelcombined radiomics were constructed,respectively.Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to screen independent factors for predicting molecular types of breast cancer,and nomogram model(modelnomogram)was constructed combined with independent factors and radiomics Radscores.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the efficacy of each model for molecular type of breast cancer.Results The maximum diameter of tumor(OR=1.029)and the retraction phenomenon(OR=0.408)were both independent predictive factors for molecular type of breast cancer(both P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of model2DUS,modelABVS.modelcombined radiomics and modelnomogram for predicting molecular type of breast cancer in validation set was 0.67,0.75,0.84 and 0.83,respectively.No significant difference of AUC of modelcombined radiomics and modelnomogram was found(P＞0.05),which were both higher than AUC of model2DUs and modelABVS(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Combined radiomics model and nomogram model based on two-dimensional ultrasound and ABVS could effectively predict molecular type of breast cancer.

Objective:To understand the infection status and elimination of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Urumqi, Xinjiang.Methods:The sample size formula in cohort study, a dynamic cohort study method, was used, with the sample size estimated to be 712 according to the new infection rate of HPV16. With the help from non-government organzitions in Urumqi, we recruited 810 MSMs by the snowballing method, and a follow-up program was carried every six months. Anal exfoliated cells were collected to analyze HPV type 16 and 18 infection rates. For statistical analyses, Poisson regression was used to estimate the density of new infections and persistent infections. Cox proportional hazard model was used to explore the influencing factors on both new and persistent infections and the diseases' natural clearing.Results:A total of 810 MSM were recruited, and 482 MSMs with the number of follow-ups more than 2 times were included in the analysis, with the total follow-up numbers as 994.7 person-years. The median number of follow-up and follow-up times was 4 ( P 25, P 75:3,5) times , and 2.2 ( P 25, P 75:1.8, 2.6) years. The baseline infection rates of HPV16 and HPV18 were 8.5% (41/482) and 3.3% (16/482), respectively. And the baseline mixed infection rate of the two types was 0.6% (3/482). The first new infection densities of HPV16 and HPV18 were 10.06 (95% CI:8.12-12.45)/100 person-years and 5.24 (95% CI:3.95-6.96)/100 person-years. The rate of natural infection clearance of HPV16 and HPV18 were 71.2% (89/125) and 71.8% (46/64), respectively. The natural clearance rate of HPV18 after 1.5 years follow-up was higher than HPV16 (97.7% vs. 94.1%). The persistent infection rate of HPV16 and HPV18 were 4.5% (20/441) and 1.7% (8/466), respectively. The risk of persistent HPV16 infection among unmarried subjects was lower than that of married subjects (a HR=0.29,95% CI:0.12-0.71). The natural clearance rate of HPV18 without condom use in anal intercourse in the last six months was 2.63 times higher than that of condom use (95% CI:1.08-6.42). Conclusions:HPV16 and 18 new infections are more common among MSM in Urumqi, and the natural clearance rate is higher. Compared with HPV18, HPV16 has a higher density of new and persistent infections, a low natural clearance rate, and a greater risk of the diseases.