Objective To observe the effects of aerosol imiquimod on the level of Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid(BALF) and serum immunoglobulin E(IgE) level in mouse asthma models.Methods Thirty BALB/c mice were divided into 3 groups, control group, asthma group and imiquimod group, ten in each group.The asthma group and imiquimod group were established by sensitization and challenge with ovalbumin (OVA) ,imiquimod group was interfered with aerosol imiquimod 30 min before challenge.Serum in each group was collected by excising eyeball 24 h after the last challenge.The level of IgE in serum was measured by ELISA.Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was performed, and total cell counts,cell differential were examined.The level of IL-12 and IL-13 in BALF was measured by ELISA and total cell counts, cell differential were examined in BALF.The inflammation changes of lung was observed by HE staining.Results (1) By hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, the result of asthma mice were small airway wall thickening ,secretion increased, epithelial cells fall off, arranging disorderly, and submucosal had plenty of inflammatory cells infiltration, mainly with lymphocytes.But imquimod group attenuated the airway inflammation of asthmatic mice.(2) Total cell counts and all kinds of inflammatory cells of asthma group were increased greatly compared with normal group;Eosinophil and lymphocyte cells were much lower in imquimod group than those in asthma group (P ＜0.05).(3) The level of IL-13 in BALF and the level of IgE in serum in imiquimod group was obviously higher than that in control group,IL-13 level were positively correlated with IgE level(r =0.774 ,P ＜ 0.05), but imiquimod group was greatly decreased compared with control group and increased in comparison with that in group A;The level of IL-12 in asthma group was reduced and the level of IgE was increased compared with normal group.IL-12 level in imiquimod group was evidently higher and IgE level was lower than that in asthma group.IL-12 level negatively correlated with IgE level(r =-0.802, P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Imiquimod aerosol inhalation may up-regulate the level of Th1 chemokine IL-12,down-regulates the level of Th2 chemokine IL-13 and decrease the level of IgE in serum so that it may suppress antigen-induced airway inflammation.

Cancer cells can change metabolic pathways, including glycolysis and glutamine metabolism, and produce the raw materials needed for rapid proliferation and survival. Therefore, research on metabolic pathways of cancer cells might help find the targets of cancer therapy. In this review, we outlined the metabolic features of aerobic glycolysis, glutamine metabolism and (tricarboxylic acid) TCA cycle in cancer. We also described metabolic targets for cancer therapy and therapeutic agents for the corresponding targets in these metabolic pathways, and finally discussed some of the challenges related to tumor metabolism as a therapeutic target in cancer therapy.

Objective To discuss endodontic surgery,such as the medical treatment effect of the fixation and reparation of tooth after root amputation and hemisection and prepare and provide medical basis for further application of the treatment. Methods Choosing fifty patients with hemisection or extirpating of root of tooth. After filling out the remaining root of tooth with silver and mercury, then make the operations of cutting tooth or extirpation of root of tooth in the condition of local anesthesia. For two to three months after the operation, on the basis of the remaining root of tooth sad next tooth with some body deformities, to make the operation of the united fixation and reparation. Then con-tinue to observe the treatment effect for two to three months. Results It has a good effective treatment on the united fixation and reparation of the remaining root of tooth united with next tooth with some body deformities after the opera-tions of root amputation and the hemisoction. The patients'chewing strength is strong and it is easy to clean and less to get local anesthesia which is often occurred after the operations. Conclusions Molars remained after hemisection of tooth or root amputation cannot be easily extirpated, so we may consider to made the operations of united fixation and reparation with next tooth. The fixed bridge has fixing and protection functions to the remaining mot of tooth and can improve chewing power.

Caveolin,a membrane protein of 21-24 k,is the main structural component of caveolae,it plays quite a diverse functional role in maintaining vital activities of cells like endocytosis,cholesterol transport,cell membrane composition,and transduction of transmembrane signal to some virus involved in the processes of virus infection.Caveolin-1 also is a key regulator of multiple steps of oncogenesis and tumor development.Caveolin-1 can also serve as a negative regulator in proliferation,apoptosis,invasion and metastasis in varieties of cancer cells.There are some conflicting roles in different tumors,this review summarized the recent advances in the function of caveolin in cancers.

As the effects of the nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase have been investigated a lot,the nitric oxide synthase inhibitors were widely explored and become one of the highlights in the cerebral ischemia research.This paper reviewed the effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors especially the nNOS inhibitors and iNOS inhibitors on the cerebral ischemia damage.

Objective To explore literature published periodicals,the organizations of the first authors,the research direction and the quality about nursing system literature in recent four years.Methods By retrievaling the databases of China Hospital Knowledge (CHKD),VIP Biomedical,China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),Wanfang,Pubmed and Medline,each database used the same search term and retrieval type (the retrieval type differed by each database grammar),and the retrieval time was limited from Jan,2010 to Dec,2013.Results 75 nursing literature published on 35 journals were obtained,of which 19 journals published only one paper.In terms of quality evaluation,publication bias tested 36,49 forest charts,2 disputing topics,24 with exact P value cycle interpretations,16 used flowcharts,and none of the literature heterogeneity tests used graphical method.By classifying the organizations of the first authors as schools and hospitals,the number of published papers were 38 and 37 separately from 2010 to 2013.Conclusions The nursing systematic literature were always with vast amount and dispersed content,less repetitive content was seen during the literature,The structure was not rigorous,and quality remains to be improved.It should be noted that Meta-analysis study normative has its requirements and more published papers are needed.

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; Humans

Objective To study the clinical efficacy,safety and compliance of specific sublingual immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis children. Methods 80 cases of children with allergic rhinitis were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group with 30 patients in each.The experimental group received dermatophagoides farinae drops by sublingual medication and the control group received standardization allergen vaccine of dermatophagoides pteronyssinus by subcutaneous injection. The observing time lasted 12 months. Clinic symptoms score before and after treatment,safety and compliance between two groups were compared. Results The clinic symptoms score after treatment in both groups were significantly decreased. There was obvious difference between two groups in the incidence of adverse reactions and treatment compliance. Conclusions Sublingual immunotherapy by dermatophagoides farinae drops is effective and comparable to subcutaneous injection therapy by allergen vaccine. It may be a new choice for children with allergy disease.

Objective:To analyze the status quo and problems of the health human resources of township health center.Methods:296 township health centers in 18 counties of 6 provinces were selected with typical sampling and workers in the centers as target population.Relative administrative officials and directors of township health centers were interviewed.Descriptive analysis and thematic analysis were conducted with quantitative data and qualitative da-ta.Results:The volume and distribution of human resources in township health centers are not balanced and the allo-cation standard of the middle area is low.The null establishment and the employees out of establishment coexist.The allocation of health human resources inside township health centers is not reasonable and the ratio of health profes-sionals is lower than national standard.The rate of senior professionals is low.That health workers are out of stock is a potential problem in some counties.Medical education is not matched with the demand of township health centers.The recruitment policy is inappropriate and the remuneration of health professionals is low.It is difficult for the worker in township health centers to get professional promotion.Recommendations:The structure of workers in township health centers and the recruitment policy should be adjusted.The path of professional promotion should be clear in order to ex-pand the space of career development of workers in township health centers.Improving the remuneration of workers in township health centers should be considered to increase the attractiveness of the post in township health centers.

Objective To know the progress of research in oral care of orotracheal intubated patients in China and to analyze the existing problems as well as provide the reference for further study.Methods Databases of CNKI,Wanfang,VIP and CBM were searched for literature on oral care for the orotracheal intubated patients by the end of December 2013,and the methods of bibliometrics were used to analyze the research results.Results Three hundred and nine articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria from 1997 to 2013 were collected.These papers were mainly included in 22 kinds of nursing journals.The methods of oral care for orotracheal intubated patients could be classified into five types:rinse and swabbing (95 papers),traditional cotton(cotton swab) cleaning or gauze swabbing (58 papers),toothbrushing (54 papers),oral rinse (51 papers),laryngoscope assistance (7 papers).With 54 articles using traditional cotton balls as oral care tool,55 papers using toothbrush,including children toothbrush of soft bristle (29 papers),ordinary toothbrush (14 papers) and electric toothbrush (12 papers).Oral care solution mainly included normal saline(49 papers),traditional Chinese medicine (36 papers),chlorhexidine(36 papers),antibiotics (12 papers),povidone iodine (17 papers),sodium bicarbonate (9 papers),etc.Conclusions The oral care of orotracheal intubated patients has attracted the attention of researchers,but the use of oral care methods,the frequency in oral care and oral care tools still owe specification.More attention should be paid to strengthen the training of nursing staff,to improve the scientific research ability of scientific research workers and to carry out large sample and high quality trials.An oral care guideline that fits into our national conditions should be built in an effort to improve the level of oral care in critical patients in our country.