OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of injection of β2-adrenergic receptor agonist clenbuterol into the infralimbic cortex(IL) on drug-seeking behavior triggered by conditioned cues. METHODS Adult male SD rats were trained to self-administer heroin under a FR1 schedule for consecutive 14 d,followed by 2-h extinction training. Cue-induced heroin seeking was measured for 2 h. Clenbuterol was microinjected bilaterally into the IL(8 ng/side)of rats 15 min prior to reinstatement test. Meanwhile,locomotor activity was detected 15 min after clenbuterol or artifial cerebrospinal fluid(mod?el group) was microinjected bilaterally into IL. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of phosphorylated cyclic AMP response element-binding protein(p-CREB)in the prelimbic cortex(PL), IL,nucleus accumbens core (NACc) and shell (NACsh) of rats immediately after reinstatement test. RESULTS After heroin administration training for 14 consecutive days,these animals exhibited reliable heroin self-administration,indicated by the increase in active nose poke responses and infusions. The rats that had received infusion of clenbuterol into the IL had significantly lower active pokes (8 ± 3)than those in model group(45±10)in cue-induced reinstatement(P<0.01),but there was no significant differ?ence between clenbuterol group and vehicle group in the locomotor activity. The expression of p-CREB in either IL or NACsh was significantly decreased in clenbuterol group compared with model group(P<0.01,P<0.05),but significantly increased in NACc(P<0.01). CONCLUSION Microinjection of clenb?uterol into the IL can attenuate the cue-induced reinstatement of heroin-seeking behavior in rats. The underlying mechanism might be related to the regulation of p-CREB expression in the NACc and NACsh.

Objective:To investigate the application value of fixation mesh with suture anchor in the repair of parailiac hernia.Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinical data of 5 patients with parailiac hernia who were admitted to Shaoxing People′s Hospital from March 2016 to February 2019 were collected. There were 4 males and 1 female, aged from 23 to 67 years, with a median age of 49 years. Patients underwent repair of parailiac hernia, in which mesh with suture anchor was fixed on the outside of the defect to the inner side of the ilium. Observation indicators: (1) surgical and postoperative conditions; (2) follow-up. Follow-up using outpatient examination or telephone interview was conducted at postoperative 1 week, at postoperative 2 weeks, at postoperative 1, 3, 6 months, at postoperative 1 and 2 years, respectively. The follow-up was up to July 2019. During the follow-up, the conditions about drainage tube removal, incision infection, hernia recurrence, and chronic pain were observed. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M (range). Results:(1) Surgical and postoperative conditions: 5 patients underwent surgeries successfully, without blood transfusion. The volume of intraoperative blood loss was 100 mL(range, 20-300 mL). The operation time and duration of drainage tube placement were (129±13)minutes and (13.8±1.9)days. Patients were discharged from hospital, without postoperative complications during the hospital stay. The duration of hospital stay was 13 days(range, 8-19 days). (2) Follow-up: patients were followed up for 4-39 months, with a median follow-up time of 16 months. One of the 5 patients was removed drainage tube during the hospital stay and other 4 patients were removed at the outpatient after discharge from the hospital. One patient felt numbness in the surgical site at postoperative 1 month without aggravation during the follow-up, and received no specific treatment. Four patients completed computed tomography examination at postoperative 6 months, without hernia recurrence. There was no incision infection or chronic pain.Conclusions:It is safe and effective to use fixation mesh with suture anchor in the repair of parailiac hernia.