Both of "Medical Microbiology"and "Medical Immunology"are two important basic and required medical courses for college students.There is something worth discussing in some respects,including the composing of teaching materials,designing of curriculum,key points of teaching and practical application.It's necessary to deal with the relationships well between the teaching effects and the issues such as arrangements of class period,selection of teaching material and the design of teaching.Particularly,we should emphasize close connection between the basic and clinical course.

Objective To investigate the changes of serum interleukin 8(IL-8) level in children with thyroid disfunction and its clinical significance in children with autoimmune thyroid disease(AITD).Method Serum IL-8 of 30 children with hyperthyroidism,16 children with hypotyroidism and 20 health children were detected by double antibody enzyme linked immunossorbent assay(ELISA).Results Serum IL-8 levels in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism children were significantly higher than that in controls(P0.05).With the remission of the diseases, IL-8 levels decreased; there was a significant difference between serum IL-8 levels in patients before and after therapy (P

Adult ; Delivery of Health Care ; Female ; Health Education ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Health

Actins ; metabolism ; Adult ; Amputation ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Bone Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Calmodulin-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Leiomyosarcoma ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Radiography ; Tibia ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture plus hyperbaric oxygen in treating depression after cerebral stroke.Method A total of 120 patients with depression after cerebral stroke were randomized into a treatment group of 60 cases and a control group of 60 cases. The treatment group was intervened by acupuncture plus hyperbaric oxygen, while the control group was intervened by Fluoxetine. Before the treatment, and respectively after 14-d and 28-d treatments, the patients were evaluated by Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and the therapeutic efficacies were compared between the two groups. Result The treatment group was significantly superior to the control group in comparing therapeutic efficacy (P<0.01). After 1 course of treatment, the HAMD and NIHSS scores dropped significantly in the treatment group (P<0.01); the scores in the control group showed a declining tendency but without statistical significances (P>0.05). After 2 treatment courses, the HAMD and NIHSS scores were significantly different from those before the treatment in both groups (P<0.01), and the differences were more significant in the treatment group (P<0.01).Conclusion Acupuncture plus hyperbaric oxygen is effective in treating depression after cerebral stroke, and it can obviously improve the neural function.

Plant cells response to water deficit through a variety of physiological processes. In this work, we studied the function of microtubule cytoskeleton during dehydration/rehydration cycle in moss (Atrichum undulatum) protonemal cells as a model system. The morphological and cytological change of protonemal cells during dehydration and rehydration cycle were first investigated. Under normal conditions, protonemal cells showed bright green colour and appeared wet and fresh. Numerous chloroplasts distributed regularly throughout the cytoplasm in each cell. After dehydration treatment, protonemal cells lost most of their chlorophylls and turned to look yellow and dry. In addition, dehydration caused plasmolysis in these cells. Upon rehydration, the cells could recover completely from the dehydrated state. These results indicated that moss had a remarkable intrinsic ability to survive from the extreme drought stress. Microtubule, an important component of cytoskeleton, is considered to play crucial roles in the responses to some environmental stresses such as cold and light. To see if it is also involved in the drought tolerance, dynamic organization of microtubules in protonemal cells of Atrichum undulatum subjected to drought and rehydration were examined by indirect immunofluorescence combined with confocal lasersharp scanning microscopy. The cortical microtubules were arranged into a fine structure with a predominant orientation parallel to the long axis of the cells in the control cells. After dehydration, the microtubule organization was remarkablly altered and the fine microtubule structure disappeared whereas some thicker cables formed. When the cells were grown under rehydration conditions, the fine microtubule arrays reappeared. These results provided a piece of evidence that microtubules play a role in the cellular responses to drought stress in moss. Furthermore, we analyzed the effects of the microtubule-disrupting agent colchicine on the morphology recovery of the protonemal cells during rehydration process. The cells were incubated with colchicine, followed by drought stress treatment and rehydration in the presence of colchicine to prevent recovery of microtubule organization. Results from immunofluorescence showed that microtubule arrays were broken down into smaller fragments. Compared to the cells treated with drought stress alone, the cells treated with drought stress in the presence of colchicine could not recover after rehydration treatment. The morphology resembled those of the drought treated cells, with obvious plasmolysis phenomena and loss of chlorophyll content. These results support the notion that microtubules were involved in the deccication tolerance mechanism in Atrichum undulatum.
Bryophyta ; metabolism ; physiology ; Droughts ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; physiology ; Microscopy ; Microtubules ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the protective effect of Shenmai Injection (SMI) on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by cardiac pulmonary bypass (CPB).

METHODSThirty patients, scheduled to receive cardiac valve replacement by CPB for the first time, were equally randomized into 2 groups, the treated group and the control group. Cardiac valve replacement was performed under extracorporeal circulation after general anaesthesia. SMI 0.6 mL/kg was given to the treated group by adding in 250 mL physiological saline for intravenous dripping at the time between intubation under anaesthesia and CPB, while 250 mL physiological saline was given to the control group alone. Blood-gas analysis was performed with blood withdrawal from the radial artery to record PaO2, PaCO2, fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), by them the alveolar-arterial difference of partial oxygen pressure [P(A-a) DO2] was calculated, and the respiratory index (RI), the blood concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molelue-1 (sICAM-1), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) were measured at various time points, i.e. before anesthesia induction, 0.5 h, 2 h, 6 h and 24 h after ending CPB.

RESULTSAll indices wer not significantly different between the two groups before operation (P > 0.05). After CPB, P(A-a) DO2 and RI were gradually elevated and reached the peak at 2 h after ending CPB, the increment in the treated group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Compared with the P(A-a) DO2 before anesthesia induction, P (A-a) DO2 at 0.5-24 h was statistically different (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Compared with the RI before anesthesia induction, RI at 2-24 h was statistically different (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Blood concentrations of sICAM-1 gradually raised after CPB, and reached the peak at 2 h after ending CPB, showed a higher level at 0.5-6 h after ending CPB as compared with that before anesthesia induction (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Blood ET-1 showed a figure of increasing as sICAM did (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and with a lower degree at 0.5-2 h after ending CPB in the treated group (P < 0. 01). Blood NO obviously reduced after CPB, it was lower at 0.5-24 h after ending CPB than at that before anesthesia induction (P < 0.01), and the decrement was lesser in the treated group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSMI can attenuate the acute lung injury after CPB by way of inhibiting vascular endothelial cell adhesion with inflammatory cells, antagonizing lipid peroxidation, and improving the ventilation and oxygenation function of lung.

Anesthesia ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; adverse effects ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Endothelin-1 ; blood ; Humans ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; blood ; Lung Injury ; drug therapy ; Nitric Oxide ; blood

Objective: To investigate the effects of Chinese herbal drug-containing serum, prepared by administration of Chinese herbal medicine for activating blood (Xiongshao Capsule, XS) or for activating blood and detoxifying (Xiongshao Capsule plus Huanglian Capsule, XSHL) in rats, on cell viability, oxidative damage and apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). Methods: Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, positive control group (simvastatin 1.8 mg/kg), activating blood (XS, 0.135 g/kg) group, and activating blood and detoxifying (XS Capsule 0.135 g/kg and Huanglian Capsule 0.135 g/kg, XSHL) group. Corresponding drugs were continuously administered to the rats for 7 days and then drug-containing serum was harvested 1 hour after the last administration. HUVECs isolated from newborn children by collagenase digestion were stimulated by ox-LDL (100 μg/L) and incubated with corresponding drug-containing serum for 24 hours. Untreated HUVECs were also used as a normal control. The morphology and structure of HUVECs were observed by an inverted microscope. Cell viability was measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium method, and cell membrane damage was determined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was examined by spectrophotometry, and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the cell lysate was examined by thiobarbituric acid assay. HUVECs were stained with Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide and analyzed on a flow cytometry to determine apoptosis. Results: Compared with the normal HUVECs, the cell viability and the activity of SOD were significantly decreased while the content of MDA and apoptosis rate were significantly increased after 24-hour ox-LDL stimulation (P<0.01, P<0.05). Simvastatin-, XS-, and XSHL-containing serum significantly promoted the ox-LDL-stimulated HUVEC viability and inhibited early apoptosis (P<0.01, P<0.05), while had no significant effect on LDH leakage. Simvastatin-containing serum and XS-containing serum also showed significant decrease in MDA content and increase in SOD activity, while XSHL-containing serum showed no significant effects. There was no significant difference between the XS-containing serum group and the XSHL-containing serum group. Conclusion: Both sera containing XSHL and XS show protective action against the oxidative damage and apoptosis of HUVECs induced by ox-LDL.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of B cell specific MLV integration site-1 (Bmi-1) in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its correlation to the clinicopathological features and prognosis of CRC.

METHODSSixty CRC, 30 adenomas and 20 normal colorectal mucosal tissues were collected to detect the expression of Bmi-1 protein using immunohistochemistry, and the results were analyzed in comparison with the clinicopathological features and survival rate of patients.

RESULTSThe positivity rate of Bmi-1 expression in CRC tissue was 51.7%. In CRC, the rate of Bmi-1 overexpression was 25.0%, significantly higher than that in the adenomas and normal colorectal mucosal tissues (6.67% and 0%, respectively, P<0.05). The overexpression of Bmi-1 protein in CRC was obviously associated with distant metastasis and the TNM stage (P<0.05), but not with gender, age, tumor size, tumor site, histological type, differentiation degree and lymph node metastasis (P>0.05). But logistic regression analysis showed that Bmi-1 protein overexpression in CRC was associated only with distant metastasis (P<0.01,OR>1); Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the survival rate of the patients with high Bmi-1 expression was significantly lower than that in patients with low expression (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe overexpression of Bmi-1 protein was significantly correlated to the tumorigenesis, metastasis and prognosis of CRC, and may serve as an indicator for evaluating the prognosis of CRC.

Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 ; Prognosis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Repressor Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the anti-motion sickness efficacy and influence on the blood level of some hormones of a Chinese prescription composed of 10 herbs such as spina date seed.

METHODSAccording to the report by Cramptom and Lucot, SD rats and Beagle dogs were rotated around a horizontal axis, and the rat behavior of pica for Kaolin and the latency to vomit in dog were observed. In addition, guinea pigs were rotated around a vertical axis, and the nystagmus was recorded. Blood levels of corticosterone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) in rats were measured with radioimmunoassay. The influences of the extracted mixture of herbs on these variables were simultaneously investigated.

RESULTSCompared with control group, oral administration of the extracted mixture of herbs: (1) significantly inhibited the rat behavior of pica for Kaolin and prolonged the latency to vomit in dog dose-dependently; (2) decreased the frequency of nystagmus and mean slow phase speed in rat; (3) reduced the elevation of corticosterone, ACTH, CRH and AVP in rat blood induced by rotatory stimulation; and (4) these effects of the extracted mixture of herbs were almost identical to dimenhydrinate.

CONCLUSION(1) The extracted mixture of Chinese Medicinal Herbs we used could inhibit motion sickness effectively. (2) This drug could reduce the blood levels of hormones of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis and AVP elevated by provocative rotatory stimulation.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; blood ; Animals ; Arginine Vasopressin ; blood ; Corticosterone ; blood ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ; blood ; Dogs ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Male ; Motion Sickness ; blood ; drug therapy ; Phytotherapy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley