Molecular imprinting technique (MIT) involves the synthesis of polymer in the presence of a template to produce complementary binding sites in terms of its size, shape and functional group orientation. Such kind of polymer possesses specific recognition ability towards its template molecule. Despite the rapid development of MIT over the years, the majority of the template molecules that have been studied are small molecules, while molecular imprinting of proteins remains a significant yet challenging task due to their large size, structural flexibility and complex conformation. This review, we summarized the research findings over the past years, and discussed the nano-reinforcing materials used to prepare molecular imprinting of proteins and the perspective of these nano-reinforcing materials.
Binding Sites ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Imprinting ; Nanostructures ; chemistry ; Polymers ; chemistry ; Proteins ; chemistry

AIM To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous content determination of four constituents in Liujing Toutong Tablets (Angelicae dahuricae Radix,Magnoliae Flos,Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix,etc.).METHODS The analysis of 30％ ethanol extract of this drug was performed on a 35 ℃ thermostatic Waters C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of methanol-4％ acetic acid flowing at 1.0 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 320 nm.RESULTS Puerarin,ferulic acid,imperatorin and isoimperatorin showed good linear relationships within the ranges of 60.6-303 μg/mL (r=0.999 9),1.59-7.95 μg/mL (r =0.999 9),1.57-7.85 μg/mL (r =0.999 9) and 0.752 5-3.762 5 μg/mL (r =0.999 7),whose average recoveries (RSDs) were 97.75％ (1.7％),97.68％ (2.3％),97.94％ (1.0％) and 98.29％ (1.6％),respectively.CONCLUSION This stable and reliable method can be used for the quality control of Liujing Toutong Tablets.

In this study, Andrographis paniculata seedlings were used as experimental materials to study the effects of salicylic acid(SA) on the growth and effective component accumulation of A. paniculata under NaCl stress. The results showed that with the increase of NaCl concentration, the growth of A. paniculata seedlings was significantly inhibited, and the content of carotene and carotenoid decreased. The activity of antioxidant enzyme was enhanced. At the same time, the contents of proline, proline and soluble protein were on the rise. The contents of andrographolide, new andrographolide and deoxyandrographolide showed an upward trend, while deoxyandrographolide showed a downward trend. Treatment with 100 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl+5 mg·L~(-1) SA showed a significant increase in antioxidant enzyme activity in A. paniculata leaves. Treatment with 100 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl+10 mg·L~(-1) SA showed significant changes in soluble protein and proline content in A. paniculata leaves, while MDA content in A. paniculata leaves significantly decreased. 10 mg·L~(-1) SA had the best effect on the growth of A. paniculata seedlings under salt stress. Under the treatment of 50 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl+10 mg·L~(-1) SA, fresh weight, dry weight and leaf dry weight of A. paniculata seedlings reached the highest level, which were 1.02, 1.09 and 1.11 times of those in the control group, respectively. The concentrations of NaCl and 10 mg·L~(-1) SA were significantly higher than those of the control group. Four key enzyme genes of A. paniculata diterpene lactone synthesis pathway were selected to explore the molecular mechanism of salicylic acid to alleviate salt stress. With the increase of salt stress, the relative expressions of HMGR, GGPS and ApCPS were up-regulated, indicating that salt stress may enhance the synthesis of A. paniculata diterpene lactone through MVA pathway. SA can effectively promote the growth and development of A. paniculata under salt stress, improve its osmotic regulation and antioxidant capacity, improve its salt tolerance, and alleviate the effects of salt stress on A. paniculata.
Andrographis ; Plant Leaves ; Salicylic Acid ; Salt Tolerance ; Seedlings/genetics*

A quantitative proton nuclear magnetic resonance(qHNMR) method was established to determine the glucose content in commercially available Massa Medicata Fermentata(MMF) products and explore the variations of glucose content in MMF products during processing. The qHNMR spectrum of MMF in deuterium oxide was obtained with 2,2,3,3-d_4-3-(trimethylsilyl) propionate sodium salt as the internal standard substance. With the doublet peaks of terminal hydrogen of glucose with chemical shift at δ 4.65 and δ 5.24 as quantitative peaks, the content of glucose in MMF samples was determined. The glucose content showed a good linear relationship within the range of 0.10-6.44 mg·mL~(-1). The relative standard deviations(RSDs) of precision, stability, repeatability, and recovery for determination were all less than 2.3%. The glucose content varied in different commercially available MMF samples, which were associated with the different fermentation days, wheat bran-to-flour ratios, and processing methods. The glucose content in MMF first increased and then decreased over the fermentation time. Compared with the MMF products fermented with wheat bran or flour alone, the products fermented with both wheat bran and flour had increased glucose. The glucose content of bran-fried MMF was slightly lower than that of raw MMF, while the glucose content in charred MMF was extremely low. In conclusion, the qHNMR method established in this study is simple, fast, and accurate, serving as a new method for determining the glucose content in MMF. Furthermore, this study clarifies the variations of glucose content in MMF during processing, which can not only indicate the processing degree but also provide a scientific basis for revealing the fermentation mechanism and improving the quality control of MMF.
Protons ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Dietary Fiber ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy