Liver biopsy plays an important role in the diagnosis of autoimmune liver diseases,particularly in patients without specific clinical manifestations or negative for autoantibodies.The histological features of several autoimmune liver diseases are reviewed.The characteristic features of autoimmune hepatitis in histology include interface hepatitis with lymphoplasmacytic infiltration,hepatic rosette formation,and emperipolesis,while chronic nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis and epithelioid granuloma are frequently found in primary biliary cirrho-sis.Primary sclerosing cholangitis is characterized by onion skin-like periductal fibrosis,while storiform fibrosis with IgG4-positive plas-ma cell infiltration often indicates IgG4 -related sclerosing cholangitis.Enhanced communication between clinicians and pathologists can help improve the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune liver diseoses.

Objective To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine on the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and c-fos in the lcuos cruleus (LC) in a rat model of endotoxic shock.Methods Twentyeight male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 8 weeks,weighing 250-300 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =7 each):control group (group C),endotoxic shock induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group (group L),lowdose dexmedetomidine group (groupLD) and high-dose dexmedetomidine group (group HD).Normal saline 0.5 ml/kg was injected via the tail vein in C and L groups.Dexmedetomidine 0.5 and 4.5μg/kg were injected via the tail vein in group LD and group HD,respectively.Normal saline 0.5 ml/kg was injected via the tail vein 10 min later in C,while LPS 5 mg/kg was injected intravenously 10 min later in the other groups.The rats were sacrificed and their brains were removed for determination of brain water content,the number of nNOS and c-fos positive cells and expression of nNOS and c-fos in the LC by immuno-histochemistry.Results Compared with group C,the brain water content was significantly increased,the number of nNOS and c-fos positive cells in the LC was enlarged,and the expression of nNOS and c-fos in the LC was up-regulated in group L (P ＜ 0.05).The brain water content was significantly lower,the number of nNOS and c-fos positive cells in the LC was smaller,and the expression of nNOS and c-fos in the LC was lower in LD and HD groups than in group L (P ＜ 0.05).The number of nNOS and c-fos positive cells in the LC was significantly smaller,and the expression of nNOS and c-fos in the LC was lower in HD group than in group LD (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can down-regulate the expression of nNOS and c-fos in the LC,which may be one of brain-protective mechanisms of dexmedetomidine in a rat model of endotoxic shock.

BACKGROUND: The study indicated that directed neural differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) was associated with changes in local micro-environment in injured spinal cord following cerebral ischemia, in particular neurotrophic factor induction. Group pre-test has confirmed that acupuncture can increase the expression of vadous cytokines and neurotrophic factors to promote nerve regeneration and repair.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of electro-acupuncture combined with BMSC kansplantaUon on recovery of neurological function in rats with spinal cord injury.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Randomized controlled animal experiments were performed at the Laboratory of Cell Biology,Harbin Medical University from March 2005 to July 2006.MATERIALS: A total of 80 pure healthy Sprague Dawley rats were selected. Eight were used for the isolation and culture of BMSCs, and the remaining 72 rats were equally and randomly divided into 4 groups: blank control group, cell transplantation group, electro-acupuncture group, and combination group. KWD-80811 pulse-type apparatus was produced by the third radio factory in Jiangsu Wujin production.METHODS: In vitro isolation and culture of the third passage of BMSCs were obtained and labeled by BrdU at hour 72 before transplantation, and BMSCs at 1 ×10 11/L were harvested for usa. Rat models of spinal cord injury were established in each group.Following model establishment, BMSC suspension was injected into the injured spinal cord near the junction of the gray matter and white matter in the cell transplantation group, totally 6 × 10<'5> cells. The same volume of phosphate buffer saline was infused into rats of the blank control group by the same method. In the electro-acupuncture group, at hour 24 after the successful model establishment, Jiaji Electroacupuncture Electroacupuncture instrument treatment was performed by pulse electro-acupuncture apparatus at 3.0-4.0 mm from median line in the upper and lower end of the spinous process vertebral body adjacent to open space for 20 minutes, once a day. In the combination group, rats underwent BMSC transplantation + Jiaji electro-acupuncture treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: After transplantation for 3, 7, 14 days, neurological conditions were assessed by combined behavioral scores in rats with spinal cord injury. Glial fibrillary acidic protein and neuron-specific enolase expression was measured in BrdU-labeled BMSCs by immuno-double-labeling method.RESULTS: 3, 7, 14 days after injury, compared with the blank control group, significant differences in combined behavioral scores were determined in the call transplantation group, electro-acupuncture group, and combination group (P <0.05, 0.05, 0.01).The recovery of neurological function was significantly greater in the combination group than in the cell transplantation and electro-acupuncture groups (P < 0.05). No significant difference was detected between the cell transplantation group and the electro-acupunctura group (P > 0.05). Compared with blank control group, spinal cord structure was relatively complete in the cell transplantation group and electro-acupuncture group. The structure was more integrity in the combination group. Bone marrow stromal cell transplantation presented the organization BrdU-labeled cells in the lesion and the surrounding area, with obvious aggregation and survival. At day 14 following cell transplantation, positive rates of neuron-specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein were respectively 7.2% and 1.5% in the call transplantation group, 7.9% and 2.1% in the combination group.CONCLUSION: The BMSCs after transplantation can survive in the host body. Electro-acupuncture could promote the differentiation of BMSCs into neural cells. Combination of electro-acupuncture and BMSC transplantation can significantly improve the motor and sensory function in rats with spinal cord injury.

Objective To investigate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Thirty patients with stable bronchial asthma (asthma group), 28 patients with stable COPD (COPD group), and 24 healthy subjects (control group) were studied. Lung function, inflammatory cell differentials in sputum and the level of VEGF in induced sputum were determined by induced sputum method and ELISA method respectively. Results The levels of eosinophils in induced sputum in asthma group were 0.9 (0.4-1.4) × 109/L, significantly higher than those in COPD greup[0.1 (0-0.2)×109/L], and control group[0.0(0-0.1) × 109/L] (P < 0.05). The levels of neutrophils in COPD group were 2.3 (1.8-2.8) × 109/L, significantly higher than those in asthma group [1.1 (0.2-1.9) × 109/L], and control group [1.0(0.8-1.2) × 109/L] (P < 0.05). The levels of VEGF in asthma group, COPD group and control group were (2.3 ± 0.5), (0.3 ± 0.1), (0.9 ± 0.2) μg/L, respectively, and significant difference was showed between each group (P < 0.05). The VEGF level in induced sputum was positively correlated with the number of eosinophils in induced sputum in asthma group (γ = 0.62,P < 0.05), and was negatively correlated with FEV<,1>% (γ =-0.56, P < 0.05). The VEGF level in induced sputum was positively correlated with FEV1% in COPD group (γ = 0.43, P < 0.05), and was not correlated with the number of neutrophils in induced sputum (γ = 0.21, P > 0.05). Conclusions The concentration of VEGF in induced sputum increases in patients with bronchial asthma. VEGF may take part in the airway inflammatory development of asthma. The concentration of VEGF in induced sputum decreases in patients with COPD. VEGF may take part in the incidence of COPD.

Objective To study effect of piracetam combine with hyperbaric oxygen in treatment of acute carbon monoxide poisoning patients with electrocardiogram and its effects on Lactate clearance.Methods 60 patients of acute carbon monoxide poisoning who received therapy from February 2011 to February 2016 in our hospital were selected as research objects.All accord with the diagnostic criteria of acute carbon monoxide poisoning.According to draw method,those patients were divided into the experimental group(n=30)and the control group(n=30).The two groups were given a large number of sustained oxygen,intracranial pressure,protect brain cells,promote blood circulation and improve microcirculation and other basic symptomatic treatment.The control group on the basis,was treated with hyperbaric oxygen,one times a day,a total of ten times.while the experimental group was treated with piracetam combine with hyperbaric oxygen,hyperbaric oxygen method with the control group,intravenous drip of Piracetam and Sodium Chloride Injection,each 100ml,two times a day,a total of treatment for ten days.Then abnormal ECG,creatine kinase isoenzymes(CK-MB),troponin(cTnl),lactate clearance,incidence of delayed encephalopathy,mortality,therapeutic effect of two groups were compared.Results ECG abnormal rate there was no difference between the two groups before treatment,after treatment,the abnormal rate of the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group [6.66(2/30)vs.33.33％(10/30)](P<0.05); CK-MB、cTnl、6h and 24h after treatment,Lactate clearance rate was significantly higher than control group[(15.80±2.03)％vs.(10.26±2.01)％,(20.75±3.12)％vs.(13.07±2.56)％](P<0.05);DEACMP rate and mortality was significantly lower than the control group[6.66％(2/30)vs.33.33％(10/30),3.33％(1/30)vs.30.00％(9/30)](P<0.05); The total effective rate was significantly higher than the control group[95.56％(28/30)vs.75.56％(22/30)](P<0.05).Conclusion Piracetam combine with hyperbaric oxygen is well for acute carbon monoxide poisoning,which can improve the clearance rate of lactic acid,improve hypoxia and myocardial injury,and reduce the abnormal ecg.

Objective: To observe the effect of oxymatrine (OM) on the expression of HBV DNA in HepG2.2.15 cells and to investigate the anti-HBV mechanism of OM. Methods: The level of HBV DNA in HepG2.2.15 cells incubated with different concentrations of OM was quantified by equivalent competitive PCR combining with DNA hybridization quantitative detection technique (PCR-ELISA). The in vitro anti-viral effect of OM was evaluated by calculating the inhibiting rate. Results: OM inhibited the expression of HBV in HepG2.2.15 cells. The inhibiting rate increased with the drug concentration. The stable concentration of OM in medium was important in keeping the inhibiting rate. Conclusion: OM can inhibit the synthesis of HBV directly at the level of HBV DNA replication.

? AlM: To analyze the reason of corneal epithelial implantation and ingrowth after laser in situ keratomileusis ( LASlK ) , and summarize the treatment experiences.
?METHODS: The clinical data of postoperative corneal epithelial ingrowth on 18 cases (30 eyes) from 1 256 cases (2 256 eyes) after LASlK were retrospectively analyzed in our hospital from January 2008 to December 2012. After the treatment of all eyes, patients’ general visual quality scores before and after treatment were analyzed.
?RESULTS:There were 18 cases ( 30 eyes ) with corneal epithelial implantation and ingrowth after LASlK, and the incidence rate was 1. 3%. ln the 18 cases (30 eyes), there were 12 eyes corneal flap epithelial ingrowth caused by postoperative trauma, 12 eyes caused by multiple corneal flap flush, 2 eyes caused by intraoperative irregular corneal flap, and nothing special for 4 eyes. The classification of corneal epithelial ingrowth of 30 eyes:grade I, 11 cases (18 eyes);gradeII, 4 cases (8 eyes);grade Ⅲ, 3 cases ( 4 eyes ) . Grade I-II were treated with TobraDex eye drops and intraocular pressure lowering drug. Grade Ⅲ firstly were treated by drugs, otherwise by surgery if it didn’t improve. After treatment, 8 cases (13 eyes) epithelial ingrowth disappeared from 11 cases ( 18 eyes ) , 3 cases ( 5 eyes ) implanted epithelial tumor shrank in grade l;epithelial implantation of 2 cases (4 eyes) in grade II disappeared, implantation degree of 2 cases (4 eyes) reduced to grade I;2 cases (2 eyes) in grade Ⅲ had 0. 5 ~ 1mm wide flap edge shallow gray ribbon 1 mm inside the limbus, visual acuity was 0. 8 ~1. 2, 1 case ( 2 eyes ) treated with curettage corneal epithelial implantation and endophytic epithelium hadn’t relapsed in the follow-up. After the treatment, 18 cases of corneal epithelial ingrowth got lower visual quality scores than those before therapy (Hc=10. 511, P<0. 01).
?CONCLUSlON: Operation standardized, postoperative early detection and aggressive treatment are important for prevention and treatment of complications after LASlK.

Objective: In this study, InDel markers were developed based on the high frequency Insertion/Deletion region of chloroplast genome of Ligusticum. Germplasm identification and phylogenetic development of Ligusticum chuanxiong and its common adulterants were studied with universal barcode. Methods: The 26 samples of L. chuanxiong and its common adulterants were amplified and sequenced by eight DNA universal barcodes: ycf1, matK, ITS2, rpoC1, rbcL, rpoB, trnK, and psbA-trnH. Genetic distance statistics, barcoding gap and phylogenetic tree analysis methods were used to study the phylogenetic relationship and phylogeny of L. chuanxiong. At the same time, the evolutionary tree was constructed to study molecular identification of L. chuanxiong and its common adulterants. Results: The results showed that rbcL conserved site was the highest (97.32%) with the highest GC content (44.9%). The rbcL+rpoB fragment had the smallest average intraspecific genetic distance (0.002 5). The psbA-trnH sequence fragment had the largest average interspecific genetic distance (0.429 2). The trnK and rbcL+rpoB sequence had the highest interspecific genetic distance. The overlap of the "barcoding gap" region of psbA-trnH was the least. The species of L. chuanxiong and other adulterated species were not accurately identified by the eight pairs of DNA barcodes. The cluster analysis of 24 InDel markers could accurately identify genuine L. chuanxiong and classify the species of L. chuanxiong and its adulterants into four categories, one of which was genuine L. chuanxiong collected from Sichuan. Conclusion: The ability of InDel markers to identify authentic L. chuanxiong and its common adulterants was higher than that of common barcode. According to the above studies, it is found that it is impossible to distinguish L. chuanxiong and its common adulterants by the traditional DNA barcodes because of the large difference in genetic components. The newly developed InDel molecular markers can effectively identify L. chuanxiong and its commonly used adulterants, and provide an effective method for the genuineness of L. chuanxiong at molecular level.

To evaluate the effect of dexamethasone on the expression of aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) in cultured bovine trabecular meshwork cells, bovine trabecular meshwork cells were cultured in vitro and reproduced to the third and the fourth generation, then treated with dexamethasone at the concentrations of 5, 25, 50, 250 microg/L respectively for 7 days. Immunohistochemical technique-supervision method was employed to measure, and image analysis system to analyze the expression of AQP-1 in normal cultured bovine trabecular meshwork cells and those treated with dexamethasone. In normal bovine trabecular meshwork cells, the grayscale of AQP-1 positive staining was 167.94 +/- 1.18, while it was 168.92 +/- 0.91, 176.72 +/- 1.80, 180.64 +/- 1.31, 185.64 +/- 1.58 in cells treated with 5, 25, 50, 250 microg/L concentrations of dexamethasone. When the concentration of dexamethasone was higher than 25 microg/L, the expression of AQP-1 was significantly inhibited (P < 0.05). The regulation of AQP-1 expression by dexamethasone in cultured bovine trabecular meshwork cells in vitro may be one of causes that retard the aqueous outflow in glucocorticoid- induced glaucoma.
Aquaporin 1/*biosynthesis ; Aquaporin 1/genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; Depression, Chemical ; Dexamethasone/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Immunohistochemistry ; Trabecular Meshwork/cytology ; Trabecular Meshwork/*metabolism

In order to elucidate the effect of dexamethasone on the expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) in ciliary pigment epithelial (CPE) cells cultured in vitro, rabbit CPE cells were cultured in vitro, treated with DMEM medium containing 0, 1 x 10(-8), 5 x 10(-8), 10 x 10(-8) and 50 x 10(-8) mol/L dexamethasone respectively for 5 days. The TGF-beta1 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry Supervision methods and analyzed semi-quantitatively by HMIAS-2000 image system. As opposed to in vivo, rabbit CPE cells expressed TGF-beta1 under cultured circumstance in vitro. The gray scales of the positive yellow staining in the groups of 1 x 10(-8), 5 x 10(-8), 10 x 10(-8) and 50 x 10(-8) mol/L dexamethasone were 136.57 +/- 4.43, 140.20 +/- 6.10, 142.98 +/- 2.99, 146.80 +/- 1.68 and 150.05 +/- 1.94 respectively. When the concentrations of dexamethasone were equal to or higher than 5 x 10(-8) mol/L and, the expression of TGF-beta1 was inhibited. 10(-7) mol/L dexamethasone showed a significant inhibition. It was suggested that CPE cells possess the potential ability of synthesizing and expressing TGF-beta1. The inhibition of TGF-beta1 expression by dexamethasone may be beneficial to the treatment of proliferative vitroretinopathy, also exert some influence on the secretion of aqueous humor and ciliary inflammation.