Cassiae Semen is a common traditional Chinese medicine, and contents of anthraquinones of Cassiae Semen different significantly from area to area. According to Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition), only contents of aurantio obtusin and chrysophanol were used to evaluate the quality of Cassiae Semen, another data could be added later. Ten batches of Cassiae Semen from different areas were determined, and total anthraquinones, total free anthraquinones and total combined anthraquinones contents were assessed by ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer, contents of aurantio obtusin, rhein, aloe emodin, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion were determined by HPLC. After that, principal components analysis was used to evaluate these data determined previous by dimension reduction analysis. At last, the result suggests that three main components were found out, it shows that content of aloe emodin could be used to evaluate the quality of Cassiae Semen as well as contents of aurantio obtusin and chrysophanol. And Cassiae Semen from Hebei province posseses higher quality than Cassiae Semen from other different areas. All these results can provide a good reference for quality evaluating of Cassiae Semen medicinal materials at a certain extent.
Anthraquinones ; analysis ; Cassia ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Principal Component Analysis

Adult ; Delivery of Health Care ; Female ; Health Education ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Health

To figure out the stability and intestinal bacteria metabolites of rats in vitro of astragaloside IV ( AST), this research was done to explore the stability of AST in the artificial gastric juice. artificial intestinal juice and rat liver homogenate and the metabolism in rat intestinal in vitro. HPLC was used to calculate the remaining rate of AST in biological samples by measuring the content of AST, while metabolites were determined by combining the methods of TLC, HPLC and LC-MS/MS. It turned out that AST was difficult to metabolize in the artificial gastric juice, artificial intestinal juice and rat liver. Also, the metabolic pathway of AST was stepped by deglycosylation. Firstly, AST was converted to its secondary etabolites (6-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl- cycloastragenol, CMG) by removal of xylose moiety at C-3, then transformed into cycloastragenol (CAG) after hydrolytic removal of the glucose moiety at C-6. All the results suggested that the metabolism of AST in vivo occurs mainly in the intestinal by hydrolysis of glycosyl. In conclusion, hydrolysis of intestinal flora is the main reason that AST metabolizes.
Animals ; Bacteria ; metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Stability ; Intestines ; microbiology ; Liver ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Saponins ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; metabolism

Objective To know the treatment compliance in patients after kidney transplantation(RT) and the influence factors.Methods A random sampling method was used in the study.220 past-operative patients were investigated with questionnaires, which contents included the basic knowledge about RT,the treatmentcompliance,the level of RT-related knowledge and the social support.The Statistical Package for Social Science 11.0 was used for data analysis.Results The total score of treatment compliance wag(10.34±1.56).Wherein the score of compliance of lire style was the highest and that of regular recheck was the lowest.The economy status,the basic knowledge about RT,the style of medical payments,the time after the operation and the social support were the main factors related to treatment compliance in patients after RT.Conclusions Treatment compliance in patients after RT will down-regulate the survival rate of patient/kidney and quality of patient's life. We should improve the patients'health education and clinic follow-up,provide better social support to improve the treatment compliance.

Epiberberine, one of the most important isoquinoline alkaloid in Coptidis Rhizoma, possesses extensive pharmacological activities. In this paper, the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to study phase I and phase II metabolites. A Thermo HPLC system (including Surveyor AS, Surveyor LC Pump, Surveyor PDA. USA) was used. The cocktail probe drugs method was imposed to determine the content change of metoprolol, dapsone, phenacetin, chlorzoxazone and tolbutamide simultaneously for evaluating the activity of CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP2C9 under different concentrations of epiberberine in rat liver microsomes. The result showed that epiberberine may have phase I and phase II metabolism in the rat liver and two metabolites in phase I and three metabolites in phase II are identified in the temperature incubation system of in vitro liver microsomes. Epiberberine showed significant inhibition on CYP2D6 with IC50 value of 35.22 μmol L(-1), but had no obvious inhibiting effect on the activities of CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP2C9. The results indicated that epiberberine may be caused drug interactions based on CYP2D6 enzyme. This study aims to provide a reliable experimental basis for its further research and development of epiberberine.
Animals ; Berberine ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 ; metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Male ; Microsomes, Liver ; drug effects ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Molecular Structure ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of open reduction by palm side for the distal radius fracture and T shape plate internal fixation with simultaneous anterior transverse carpal ligament resection for the prevention of delayed carpal tunnel syndrome after operation.

METHODSFrom March 2000 to March 2007, 32 patients (8 males and 24 females, ranging in age from 46 to 66 years) with distal radius fracture were treated with open reduction by palm side and T shape plate internal fixation with simultaneous anterior transverse carpal ligament resection; while 30 patients (7 males and 23 females,ranging in age from 45 to 65 years) only with open reduction by palm side and T shape plate internal fixation. The incidences of delayed carpal tunnel syndrome between the two groups were compared.

RESULTSAmong 32 patients treated with open reduction by palm side and T shape plate internal fixation with anterior transverse carpal ligament resection, 3 patients had delayed carpal tunnel syndrome; while in 30 patients treated with open reduction by palm side and T shape plate internal fixation, 10 patients had delayed carpal tunnel syndrome. There was significant statistically difference (P < 0.05%).

CONCLUSIONSimultaneous anterior transverse carpal ligament resection can effectively prevent the delayed carpal tunnel syndrome occurrence for the distal radius fracture with open reduction by palm side.

Aged ; Carpal Bones ; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ; prevention & control ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Ligaments, Articular ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radius Fractures ; complications ; surgery

Objective To detect the resistance of Mycoplasma hominis to quinolones in Chengdu area,explore resistance mechanism of topoisomerase gene gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE mutations associated with drug resistance and provide epidemiological data.Methods Mycoplasma hominis was identified by 16SrRNA gene sequencing technique and antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out by broth microdilution method.Resistance genes were amplified by PCR,whereas sequence alignment was analyzed by DNAMAN software and BLAST.Results Resistance rates of Mycoplasma hominis to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin were 92.4%(61/66),87.9%(58/66),71.2%(47/66)and 66.7%(44/66),respectively.Totally 45 strains with different susceptibility to quinolones were screened for amplification and sequencing of topoisomerase genes, of which, 31 strains resistant to moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin harbored GyrA S153L amino acid mutation, 68.9%(31/45), 41 strains resistant to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin harbored ParC S91I amino acid mutation, 91.1%(41/45).In addition, a new amino acid substitution of ParE A463S was found in 2 high-level resistant strains.No amino acid change was found in GyrB.Conclusions Resistance of Mycoplasma hominis to quinolones is closely associated with amino acid changes caused by mutations in gyrA and parC genes.Different quinolones have different targeting roles and high level resistance is associated with multiple gene mutations.

Objective To evaluate the effect of targeted monitoring and comprehensive intervention measures on reducing the occurrence of catheter-associated urinary tract infection(CAUTI)in patients in non-intensive care unit(Non-ICU).Methods In quarter 4 of 2015,patients with indwelling urinary catheter in clinical departments were conducted a baseline survey(before intervention),risk factors for CAUTI in patients were analyzed,targeted monitoring programmes and comprehensive intervention measures were initiated in 2016(after intervention),incidence of CAUTI before and after intervention was compared.Results After taking intervention measures,hand hygiene compliance rate increased from 78.51%in quarter 4 of 2015 to 92.99%in quarter 3 of 2016 and 90.73%in quarter 4 of 2016(x2=7.342,3.998,respectively,both P<0.05),the correct disposal rate of patients' urinary catheterization system increased from 72.83%in quarter 4 of 2015 to 95.44%in quarter 4 of 2016(x2=30.267,P<0.05).A total of 12 067 patients with indwelling urinary catheter were monitored,incidence of CAUTI dropped from 1.03%(24/23 313)in quarter 4 of 2015(before intervention)to 0.53%(14/26 595)in quarter 4 of 2016(after intervention),difference was statistically significant(x2=4.126,P=0.042).Conclusion Improving the quality of urinary catheterization system in patients with indwelling catheter through targeted monitoring can effectively reduce the incidence of CAUTI in patients in Non-ICU.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of vitamin E on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (RI/RI) in young and aged rats.

METHODSThe model of (RI/RI) was induced by bilateral clamping the renal artery and vein for 45 min followed by reperfusion. The contents of BUN, Scr, MDA, SOD, NO and iNOS were measured. Proteins of HSP70 were observed by immunohistochemistry. Flow cytometer was used to estimate the apoptosis rate of renal cortex cells.

RESULTSAfter ischemia/reperfusion injury, the contents of BUN, Scr and iNOS were increased. Compared with young ischemia/reperfusion group, the contents of MDA were higher and the contents of SOD were lower in aged ischemia/reperfusion group. The expression of HSP70, the contents of NO and the apoptosis rate of renal cortex cells were higher in aged ischemia/reperfusion group than that in control group. Vitamin E significantly decreased the contents of BUN, Scr, MDA and iNOS, and increased the contents of NO and SOD after RI/RI. The expression of HSP70 was increased in both VE groups than that in both I/R groups. The apoptosis rate of renal cortex cells was less in both VE groups than that in both I/R groups.

CONCLUSIONVitamins E may up-regulate the expression of HSP70, increase the contents of SOD and NO, and enhance an ability of clear free radicals, which may contributes to decreasing renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in young and aged rats.

Animals ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; Ischemia ; physiopathology ; Kidney ; blood supply ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Vitamin E ; pharmacology

Objective To observe the effect of setting up ward assistant to improve patients'satisfaction in wards.Methods The patients' satisfaction was surveyed and the numbers of hospital patients were investigated every year from 2007 to 2009 before and after the setup of ward assistant to retrospectively analyze the effect of setting up ward assistant to improve patients' satisfaction in wards.Results After setting up the ward assistant, the degrees of satisfaction were improved (P ＜ 0.01) and the number of hospital patients and the rate of re-hospitalization were increased year by year(P ＜ 0.01).There is a positive correlation between the improvements of the satisfaction degree and the rate of re-hospitalization (r = 0.998, P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Setting up ward assistant is helpful to improve the degrees of satisfaction and increase the amount of hospital patients.