Septic shock is the most serious stage of sepsis and the main cause of the high mortality.So far,the scientists have paid more attentions on biomarkers for the early diagnosis and therapy monitoring of septic shock.As a kind of acute phase proteins, heparin-binding protein (HBP)has functions with increasing vascular permeability, sterilization, chemotaxis and regulating cell apoptosis.When the level of plasma HBP is high, it suggests that the patient has severe sepsis with edema and vascular collapse and can beapplied as a valuable biomarker for early diagnosis and therapy monitoring of septic shock.This review focuses on common inflammatory biomarkers for clinical application of sepsis, as well the structure and function of HBP and its clinical application of septic shock.

ObjectiveToestablisharatmodelofatherosclerosiscombinedwithsyndromeofintermingledphlegm and blood stasis , to observe the inflammatory reactions and the treatment effect of prescription ( Danlou tablet ) on the rat model.Methods Thirty-two healthy male SD rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups , namely, normal control group, model control group, atorvastatin group (ATV group), and Danlou group (DLP group).The normal control group was given basic forage , while other three groups were given high fat forage plus intraperitoneal injection of vitamin D 3 and balloon injury of the left common carotid artery to build rat atherosclerosis model combined with syndrome of intermingled phlegm and blood stasis , and then received intragastric administration of saline , atorvastatin suspension and Danlou tablets suspension for 4 weeks, respectively.After intervention, both serum lipid and hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, and LP-PLA2 levels were determined by ELISA , pathological alterations in the thoracic aorta was analyzed using HE staining , the expressions of IL-6, TNF-αand LP-PLA2 mRNA in the thoracic aorta tissue were assessed by real-time fluorescent quantitativePCRtechnology.Results ①Comparedwiththenormalcontrolgroup,thereweresignificantincreasesin serum TC, LDL-C, hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, and LP-PLA2 levels (P<0.05 for all) and decrease of serum HDL-C levels in the model group (P<0.05).The expressions of IL-6, TNF-α, and LP-PLA2 mRNA in the rat aorta were significantly increased ( P<0.05 for all ) .In the model control group , HE staining showed altered arrangement of aortic endothelial cells, irregular intimal thickening , broadened subendothelial space , and accumulation of foam cells and lipid deposition , forming typical atherosclerotic plaques .② Compared with the model control group , the ATV and DLP groups showed significantly decreased serum TC , LDL-C, hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, and LP-PLA2 levels ( P<0.05 for all) as well as the expressions of IL-6, TNF-α, and LP-PLA2 mRNA in the thoracic aorta (P<0.05 for all).There were no significant differences between the ATV and DLP groups (P>0.05).There were also reduced aortic intimal hyperplasia , macrophage infiltration and plaque area compared with those of the model group .Conclusions Rat model of atherosclerosis combined with syndrome of intermingled phlegm and blood stasis can be established by high fat diet feeding combined with the intraperitoneal injection of vitamin D 3 and balloon injury of carotid artery .The prescription ( Danlou tablet ) can inhibit the inflammatory reaction and ameliorate atherosclerotic changes in the rat models .

Objective To determine the eugenol in Dijin spray by GC-MS.Methods The chromato-graphic column was DB-5 fused silica capillary column.Eugenol was determined by program temperature risen method:the initial temperature was 60 ℃ for 1 min,then raised to 200 ℃ at the rate of 10 ℃/min and kept for 5 min,and at last raised to 250 ℃ at 15 ℃/min and kept for 5 min.Electron energy was 70ev.The ions of 164,149,and 77 were selected for eugenol detection.Results The calibration curve of eugenol was linear in the range of0.116～1.16 mg/ml (r=0.999 4) with the average recovery of 97.84％ (RSD=0.47％).Conclusion The method was quick,accurate and repeatable.It was suitable for the quality control of Dijin spray.

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Ethylene Dichlorides ; poisoning ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Diseases ; therapy ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the secrection of Polytuftsin, a macrophage activator in Pichia pastoris expression system. Methods The recombinant plasmid encoding polytuftsin was transformed into the yeast by chemical method, and the positive clones were screened and expressed under the induction of methanod. It was observed that the influence of polytuftsin on macrophage in vivo and in vitro. Results It was verified that the recombinant products was confirmed to be our target protein by SDS-PAGE analysis and PCR assay. The expressed product could activate macrophage to secret cytokine and enhance the capacity of macrophages to kill L1210 tumor cells, the maximum killing rate is up to 40 %. In vivo the leukemia therapeutic trial, the time of tumor arise was delayed; the survival time of L1210 tumor-bear mice treated with Polytuftsin was extended, which is about 20 day. Conclusion The recombination protein polytuftsin, which could activate macrophage and has anti-tumor activity.

Objective To investigate the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in elderly men in Beijing.Methods Totally 370 elderly men with an average age of (76.6±9.3) years from the departments of gerontology were included.BMD,echocardiography measurements as well as blood chemistry were analyzed.LVMI was obtained by echocardiography.All the subjects were divided into two groups:non-LVH group (n=231) and LVH group (n =139).Differences in quantitative variables were tested by independent-sample t test.Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis were performed to identify determinants of LVMI.Results The serum creatinine concentration was significantly higher in LVH group than in non-LVH group [(97.1±43.0) μmol/L,(88.2±21.1) μmol/L (P＜0.05)].Compared with non-LVH group,LVH group showed that the lumbar spine BMD (L1-L4) were significantly lower[L1:(0.90±0.16) g/cm2 vs.(0.95±0.21) g/cm2,P=0.05; L2:(0.95±0.17) g/cm2 vs.(1.01±0.20) g/cm2,P＜0.01 ; L3:(0.99±0.19) g/cm2 vs.(1.06±0.28) g/cm2,P＜0.01] as well as the lumbar spine totalBMD [(0.97±0.18) g/cm2 vs.(1.03-1-0.26) g/cm2,P＜0.05].The femur BMD was lower in theLVH group than in non-LVH group [trochiter:(0.64±0.11) g/cm2 vs.(0.67±0.17) g/cm2,P＜0.05; inter area:(1.00±0.17) g/cm2 vs.(1.05±0.22) g/cm2,P＜0.05].Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis demonstrated that BMI (r=0.27,P＜0.01),the lumbar spine BMD (r=-0.20,P＜0.01),age (r=0.16,P＜0.05),serum creatinine (r=0.15,P＜0.05) were independently correlated with LVMI.Conclusions In elderly men in Beijing,the lumbar spine BMD is an independent correlative factor for LVMI.

Objective: In order to study the application of DNA barcoding in the authentication of Chinese patent medicines, Sanqi Tablets were used as the object to investigate the applicability, specificity and precision of this method. Methods: Fifteen batches of commercially available Sanqi Tablet samples were collected. The conditions of DNA extraction for Sanqi Tablet had been first investigated, and the DNA was used for testing the applicability of the methods such as PCR amplification, sequence acquisition, and species authentication in the principles for molecular identification of traditional Chinese materia medica using DNA barcoding. The specificity and reproducibility of DNA barcoding in identification of Sanqi Tablets and its adulterations from the roots of Panax notoginseng, P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius were also studied. Results: The Sanqi Tablet sample with an amount of sampling to be 100 mg and a water bath at 56 ℃ for 8 h gave an average concentration of 60.7 ng/μL and then the PCR amplification, sequence acquisition and species assignment were all successful. The ITS2 sequences of P. notoginseng, P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius were all 230 bp in length, and there were seven stable SNP loci between P. notoginseng and P. ginseng, P. notoginseng and P. quinquefolius. ITS2 sequences could be successfully obtained from lab-made and the adulterated Sanqi Tablets, and the Sanger sequencing chromatograms of different ratios of P. notoginseng and P. ginseng mixtures, P. notoginseng and P. quinquefolius mixtures had heterozygous peaks with corresponding peak height ratio at SNP positions. The repeatability, intermediate precision and reproducibility were all in line with the requirements of “General Regulation 9101” in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Conclusion: The ITS2 sequence can stably and accurately authenticate the raw materials of Sanqi Tablets with substantial specificity and precision. The DNA barcoding identification method of Sanqi Tablets will provide a new technical tool for ensuring the safety of Sanqi Tablets in clinical medications, and provide reference for the identification of other single-herb products documented in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

OBJECTIVETo observe anti-atherosclerotic effect of Xuefu Zhuyu Granule (XZU) and Danlou Tablet (DT) on blood lipids, platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signal pathway in atherosclerosis (AS) model rats, and to explore their potential mechanisms.

METHODSForty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups, i.e., the normal control group, the model group, the Atorvastatin group, the DT group, the XZG group, 8 in each group. Rats in the normal control group were fed with basic forage for 12 weeks, while rats in the other four groups were fed with high fat forage plus intraperitoneal injection of vitamin D3 to build AS model. Then rats in the model control group, the Atorvastatin group, the DT group, the XZG group were administered with normal saline, Atorvastatin suspension (0.18 mg/mL), DT suspension (45 mg/mL), and XZG (1 g/mL) by gastrogavage for 8 successive weeks, respectively. After intervention serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, and PDGF were detected by ELISA. Pathological changes in thoracic aorta were observed by HE staining. Protein expression levels of ERK1/2 and pERK1/2 in thoracic aorta were measured by Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the normal group, serum TC, TG, LDL-C, PDGF levels, and expression levels of ERK1/2 and pERK1/2 significantly increased (P <0. 05) in the model control group. HE staining showed irregular intimal thickness, accumulated endothelial foam cells, lipids deposited, disarranged media VSMCs, forming typical AS plaque. Compared with the model group, TC and PDGF levels decreased in all medicated groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Serum levels of TG and LDL-C significantly decreased in the Atorvastatin group and the DT group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Expressions of ERK1/2 and pERK1/2 significantly decreased in the Atorvastatin group, the DT group, and the XZG group (P < 0.01). HE staining also showed typical AS plaque in three medicated groups, but with reduced pathological degree of endometrial hyperplasia and plaque area.

CONCLUSIONSXZG and DT could reduce the plaque area and attenuate pathological degree of AS in model rats, thereby postponing the progress of AS. Its mechanism might be achieved through reducing serum lipids and release of PDGF, inhibiting ERK signal pathway activation and VSMC proliferation.

Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Atherosclerosis ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ; Lipids ; Male ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tablets

Objective To evaluate the relationship between insulin resistance and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods Totally 150 male patient from the Department of Geriatrics in Peking University Hospital were included in this study.Blood pressure,body weight,body height,body mass index (BMI) were measured and calculated.Biochemical analyses including serum fasting levels of insulin(FINS),glucose,total cholesterol,triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,high density lipoprotein cholesterol,and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were performed.Total prostate volume (PV) were measured by ultrasound.Results PV and annual prostate growth rate were more increased in insulin resistance group(40 cases) compared with insulin sensitivity group(110 cases) (t=2.91,3.71 respectively,both P＜0.01).Along with the levels of FINS,HOMA-IR and PSA were increased,the prostate volume was enhanced (t=-3.02,-2.88,-2.84 respectively;all P ＜0.05).PV was positively correlated with insulin resistance,serum fasting insulin and PSA (r=0.16,0.16,0.35;all P＜0.05),while annual prostate growth rate was positively related with insulin resistance,serum fasting insulin,PSA and BMI (r =0.22,0.21,0.24,0.19 ; all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Insulin resistance and fasting insulin plays roles in the pathogenesis of prostatic hyperplasia.

BACKGROUND: As a primary clinical predictor of fracture risk, bone mineral density (BMD) is partly genetically determined. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is one important candidate gene in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between T245G polymorphisms in the OPG gene and BMD. METHODS: A total of 281 elderly men and postmenopausal women, 182 males and 99 females, who received routine examinations at Peking University People's Hospital between September 2008 and April 2010 were included in this study. T245G polymorphisms in the OPG gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism together with DNA sequencing. The BMD of the lumbar spine, Ward's triangle, and forearrm was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Clinical variables and biochemical measurements were collected simultaneously. The association between T245G polymorphisms and each detection index was analyzed using analysis of variance. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The distribution of T245G genotype (alleles T, G) had no difference in elderly men or postmenopausal women (P > 0.05). The GG genotype and TG genotype had higher lumbar spine BMD and TT genotype had lower lumbar spine BMD (P < 0.05). There was no difference in BMD of the Ward's triangle or forearm among different genotypes (P > 0.05). Association between T245G polymorphism and BMD was not found in postmenopausal women. These findings indicate that OPG gene is related to lumbar spine BMD in elderly men.