?AIM: To study the changes of choroidal thickness and hemodynamic parameters in patients with diabetic retinopathy and their influencing factors.?METHODS: From January 2013 to January 2015, 100 patients (100 eyes) with type 2 diabetes were divided into 3 groups:34 patients without diabetic retinopathy ( NDR) , 36 patients with non proliferative diabetic retinopathy ( NPDR) group, and 30 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). According to the results of OCT, the patients with diabetic retinopathy were divided into 2 groups: diabetic macular edema ( DME ) group ( 28 cases) , and 38 cases without diabetic macular edema. During the same period in our hospital 35 subjects for physical examination were selected as the control group. The hemodynamic parameters of the posterior ciliary artery in different groups of patients at different distance from the center of the macular were compared, analyzing influencing factors.?RESULTS:With the aggravation of diabetic retinopathy, the choroidal thickness in different distance from the center of the macular decreased. The choroidal thickness of NPDR and PDR group were thinner than that of the control group (P<0. 05). The choroidal thickness of NDR group was not different from the control group (P>0. 05). There was no significant difference in the choroidal thickness between the DME patients and non DME patients (P>0. 05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between choroidal thickness of patients with diabetic retinopathy and diabetic duration, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, eye axis length, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (P>0. 05), but there was a correlation with BCVA (logMAR) (P<0. 01). EDV and PSV in NDR group and NPDR group were significantly lower than those in control group, RI was higher than that in control group. PSV and EDV in PDR group were significantly lower than those in other three groups, RI was higher than the other three groups, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0. 05).?CONCLUSION:With the severity of retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients, the choroidal thickness decreased, and the thickness of the choroid is beneficial in the comprehensive analysis of 2 diabetic retinopathy.

Medical Higher Mathematics,an important fundamental course,is important to improve the students' ability of innovation.According to the characteristics of the students at medical school,and considering the content abstract and the problems difficult to learn and understand,a new teaching model which can focus on absorbing some contents of Pharmacokinetics into Medical Higher Mathematics is dis cussed.At the same time the article discusses how to combine the both courses in three aspects:professional features,the background of the student's knowledge,and teaching method.

To investigate the relationship between plasma level of homocysteine(Hcy) and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR ) gene polyroorphism with non-alcoholic fatty liver in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods In a case-control study, plasma levels of Hcy, folic acid (FA), vitamin B12 (VitB12), glycosylated hemoglobin Alc (HbAlc), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol and triglyceride were measured in 159 T2DM patients with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver ( NAFL), as well as 52 normal controls. Mutation of the C677T of MTHFR gene was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) for all of them. Results Patients of T2DM both without NAFL (96 case) and with NAFL had higher prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy) (49% and 21%, respectively ) than normal controls did (4 cases, 8% ) (P<0.05), while patients of T2DM with NAFL had higher prevalence of Hhcy than those without it did (P <0. 05). Plasma level of Hey positively correlated to genotype frequency of the MTHFR gene, plasma 0levels of HbAlc and FBG in patients of T2DM, with coefficients of correlation of 0.248, 0.423 and 0.242, respectively (P < 0.05). Results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that course of the disease, body mass index, plasma levels of FBG and Hcy all were independent risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver in patients with T2DM. Conclusions Hhey was an independent risk for non-alcoholic fatty liver and plasma level of Hey was influenced by frequency of the TT genotype of the MTHFR gene, plasma levels of FA and VitB12, as well as metabolic disturbance in patients with T2DM.

Objective To investigate and compare the clinical efficacies of acupuncture at myofascial trigger points and extracorporeal shock wave and their effects on the quality of life in patients with myofascial pain syndrome. Method Seventy-eight patients with myofascial pain syndrome were allocated, using a random number table, to acupuncture and shock wave groups, 39 cases each. The two groups received acupuncture at myofascial trigger points and extracorporeal shock wave, respectively. The clinical therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups of patients after 20 consecutive days of treatment. The quality of life score was recorded in the two groups of patients before and after one month of treatment. Result The VAS score (1.57±0.83), the PRI score (1.87±1.06) and the PPI score (0.94±0.72) in the acupuncture group were lower than the VAS score (2.16±0.95),the PRI score (2.68±1.14) and the PPI score (1.53±0.81) in the shock wave group. All had a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The VAS score, the PRI score and the PPI score decreased significantly in the two groups of patients after treatment compared with before. Eight scaled scores: physical functioning, physical role functioning, bodily pain, social role functioning, vitality, general health perceptions, emotional role functioning and mental health increased significantly in the two groups of patients after treatment compared with before (P<0.05) and increased more in the acupuncture group (P<0.05). The marked efficacy rate was 84.6% in the acupuncture group, which was significantly higher than 61.5% in the shock wave group (P<0.05). Conclusion Both acupuncture and extracorporeal shock wave therapy have a marked clinical effect on myofascial pain syndrome. It can further improve the quality of life in the patients.

Objective To explore the feasibility of end-to-side neurorrhaphy in repairing nerve injury. Methods A group of 15 SD rats had the peroneal nerve sectioned and the distal endings sutured to the collateral face of tibial nerve after removing a 1 mm epineural window. Results After 3 months, electrophysiological studies showed electrical impulse conducted through the end-to-side junction. The electrical impulse conduction speed was lower than normal(P

The degree of satisfaction of the curriculum is related not only to the degree of the curriculum but also to the degree of the students' development. With the concept of teaching reform micro system engineering, using the SIMPP analysis of the degree of satisfaction of the curriculum, the relevant factors of the students are studied. The results show that, the learning state, learning objec-tives, and the education level of mother affect the students more easily on the curriculum satisfaction. Research shows, in the present curriculum condition, educators should guide the students to study hard, establish a clear and reasonable learning goal, give the students the introduction and analysis of the curriculum, can effectively improve the students on the curriculum satisfaction, enhance the enthusiasm of the study.

OBJECTIVE:To provide for rational use of Tripterygium glycosides tablet clinically. METHODS:The utilization of Tripterygium glycosides tablet were collected from hospital information system(HIS)in our hospital during Jun. 2012-Jun. 2014. Then the data about the basic information,patients’age,departments and diagnosis,were analyzed by the Excel. RESULTS:The application of Tripterygium glycosides tablet remained stable since Jun. 2012. There were 4 600 prescriptions in average every year, and the age of patients was distributed from 11 to 90. Tripterygium glycosides tablet was mainly used in rheumatology department (52.11%),followed by TCM rheumatology department(20.62%),skin disease and venereal disease department(18.15%),ne-phrology department(3.52%)and integrated traditional and western medicine cardiology department(1.77%). It was mainly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis,Sjogren's syndrome,polymyalgia rheumatica,osteoporosis and nephrotic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS:The application of Tripterygium glycosides tablet as immunosuppressant is widely used,but the age of patient is with wide distribu-tion;the narrow gap exists between minimum effective dose and minimum lethal dose;so ADR should be concerned closely.

Background Deficiency of neurotrophic factor is associated with the damage of optic nerve in glaucoma.Reaserches showed that ectopically applied neurotrophic factor has a transient neuroprotective effect in glaucoma model,and the viral expression of adeno-associated neurotrophie factor may provide long-term supplementation of neurotrophic factor and neuroprotection in tissues.Objective The present study Was to investigate the neuroproteetive effect of adeno-associated viral(AAV)-mediated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)on retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)in DBA/2J mice with experimental glaucoma. Methods 10 clean DBA/2J mice were administered intravitreal injection with 1 microliter of AAV-BDNF-GFP in the left eyes at the age of 6 months,and the right eyes were injected with the same volume of saline solution as control.Intraocular pressure (IOP)was measured with Tonolab in the mice every month.Retinas were obtained after 3 months for the investigation of GFP expression in RGCs using fluorescence microscopy.Immunohistochemistry Was performed by applying TUJ1 and Cy3 antibodies to identify surviving RGCs. Results The IOP of DBA/2J mice were 11.90 mmHg and 11.40 mmHg in the right eyes and left eyes,respectively,at 4 months.The IOP of DBA/2J mice began to rise at 5 months and reached its peak in 8 month-old mice.There was no statistically significant difference in IOPs between the right eyes and the left eyes from 4 month-through 9 month-old mice(t=-1.78-0.61,P=0.11-0.90).Three months after intrlavitreal injection of AAV-BDNF-GFP,GFP was positively expressed in RGCs of retinas with the expression rate of 46.33%±8.08%.The over-expression of BDNF led to more RGCs survival than the control eyes (3168.13±1319.33/mm2 vs 2024.81±796.38/mm2,t=2.75,P=0.02). Conclusion These data suggest that BDNF can exert a protective effect in DBA/2J glaucoma mice.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of hyperuricemia and its associated factors including dietary and Metabolic Syndrome in populations of Dongcheng district in Beijing.Methods A cross-section study of hyperuricemia was carried out in volunteers who had diabetes screening from 2003 to 2004.The prevalence of hyperuricemia was calculated in the population.Applying the form of food frequency to know the intake of nutrition-rich dietary.Results The prevalence of hyperuricemia in this population was 4.3%.In male and female were 10.7% and 1.07% respectively.Bivariate and rank analysis found that hypertriglyceride were associated with increased prevalence of hyperuricemia(P

Objective To study the correlation between hyperinsulinemia (HIns) and arteriosclerosis in one community in Beijing. Methods Subjects who received arteriosclerosis screening in physical examination annually were studied. All subjects were received 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to evaluate glucose metabolic level, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) examination to evaluate arteriosclerosis. The correlation between hyperinsulinemia and pulse wave velocity was analyzed. Results Among all the 1046 subjects under investigation, baPWV of subjects with HIns was higher than subjects with normoinsulinemia (NIns) in different glucose metabolism status [normal glucose tolerance, ( 1381.2 ±280. 8) cm/s vs ( 1280. 3 ±218. 7) cm/s; imparied glucose regulation, ( 1557. 5 ±319.3) cm/s vs (1474.7 ±305. 1) cm/s; diabetes, (1764.3 ±476.6) cm/s vs (1664.2 ±374.6)cm/s], especially in subjects with normal glucose tolerance ( P ＜ 0.01 ). The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with HIns was much higher than subjects with NIns ( P ＜ 0.01 ). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that hyperinsulinemia was the risk factor of arteriosclerosis, and the OR (95%CI) of subjects with HIns was 1.91 (1. 169-3. 105, P ＜0.01 ) as compared to the subjects with NIns. Conclusion The subjects with HIns suffered from much more metabolic risk factors than NIns.Hyperinsulinemia that closely correlated with baPWV was a risk factor of arteriosclerosis.