Objective To construct expression vectors of human ribosomal protein S 3(RPS3) and RPS3Ser209 mutant in orcler to investigate the effect of RPS3Ser209 mutant on NF-κB signaling pathway and DNA binding capacity .Methods The vector RPS3-myc was amplified by polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) from the human liver cDNA and subcloned into pcDNA-3.1myc-HisB.RPS3S209A represented mutant RPS3 expression vectors, in which the designated amino acid was mutated to an alanine residue .Dual luciferase reporter gene assay was used to detect the NF-κB transcription activity in HEK293 cells,immunofluorescence to detect RPS3 location, and EMSA to examine NF-κB DNA-binding activity.Results The expression vectors of RPS3-myc and RPS3S209A-myc were constructed.Compared with wild-type RPS3,the nucleus translocation, transactivation activity of NF-κB and DNA binding ability of RPS3S290A were reduced significantly .Conclu-sion The impact of RPS3 on NF-κB signaling pathway depend on its serine 209.

Objective Acute liver failure is one of the significant causes of death clinically.It is important to explore new serum markers of liver injury for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of severe liver disease.Hepassocin ( HPS) is a liver-specific mitogenic growth factor.Our study is intended to investigate the correlation between HPS serum levels and the degree of liver injury.Methods Firstly, a mouse model of acute liver injury was constructed via intraperitoneally injection with different doses of CCl4 .Then the survival rate, alanine aminotransferase ( ALT) , aspartate aminotransferase ( AST) and the pathological changes in the liver were detected.Meanwhile, ELISA assay was performed to detect the serum level of HPS.In addition, the mRNA level and protein level of HPS were detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively.Results The mortality rate was increased and the liver damage was aggravated with the increase of the CCl4 dose.Besides, the ALT and AST levels were also increased in a dose-dependent manner.Additionally, the mRNA and protein levels of HPS were significantly up-regulated and closely related to the degree of the liver injury in the model. Conclusion HPS can be used as a new marker of liver injury in mice.

Glioma is the most frequently observed primary tumor of the central nervous system in adults. Among the glioma cases, more than three quarters of patients suffer from high-grade gliomas. High-grade glioma is not only a high-degree malignant tumor but is also an easily recurring disease after surgery with a very poor prognosis. Radiotherapy plus concomitant chemotherapy after operation is the standard treatment strategy for high-grade gliomas, which could increase the survival rate of patients. However, the curative effect is really not satisfactory because it could only guarantee a limited survival time. Over the recent years, molecular-targeted treatment has increasingly drawn the attention of scholars with the continuous development in glioma treatment, thereby becoming the hotspot among researchers. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is highly expressed in glioma and in the tissues surrounding the cancer cells. VEGF could regulate tumor growth by inducing endothelial cell proliferation, growth, migration, and by increasing the vascular permeability. Hence, VEGF becomes an effective target for the treatment of glioma. Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody that can specifically prevent the combination of VEGF and its receptor, thereby inhibiting the formation of tumor blood vessels. At the same time, bevacizumab can normalize the tumor blood vessels, improve the permeability of blood vessels, and increase the effectiveness of drug concentration in the tumor tissues, thereby achieving anticancer efficacy. In this paper, the mechanism of bevacizumab is introduced. The research progress in the application of bevacizumab alone, as well as in combination with chemotherapy or other drugs, for the high-grade glioma treatment will be summarized.

OBJECTIVE: To learn from thestrategies for containment of antimicrobial resistance by WHO and some countries around the world, and provide reference for the development of management policies on antimicrobial agents in our country. METHODS: Strategies for containment of antimicrobial resistance published by WHO and Some Countries Around the World were retrieved and analyzed. RESULTS: WHO and some countries around the world had published policies to contain antimicrobial resistance. 'WHO Global Strategy for Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance' has been developed and a six-point policy package hasbeen launched by WHO; 'National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS)' has been established in the United States; an action plan against antimicrobial resistance has been developed by the European Commission; 'The Swedish Strategic Program against Antibiotic Resistance (STRAMA)' has been set up in Sweden; 'Joint Expert Technical Advisory Committee on Antibiotic Resistance (JETACAR)' has been established in Australia; 'Japanese Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (JVARM)' has been established in Japan; theantibiotic centers haveformedthe basic executive units of the National Antibiotic Program in Czech; SENTRY monitoring network reportsare published regularly in Brazil. CONCLUSION: The strategy of establishing and improving Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Network in China is consistent with those by WHO and other countries around the world, but further improvements should be made.

OBJECTIVE: To learn from innovative strategies for pharmacy education in pharmacy practice at home and abroad, and provide references for the improvement pharmacy education management in China. METHODS: Innovative strategies for pharmacy education were retrieved and analyzed. RESULTS: For the processes pharmacy education, analytic reasoning skills, intra-lecture assessment and adaptive teaching were used. For curriculum, differences among countries were compared and innovation aspects were pointed out. For information technology, online global pharmacy education community, virtual pharmacy and educational virtual resource were explored. For the impact pharmacy education innovation on clinical practice, influence on health related quality life in HIV/AIDS patients and an inter-disciplinary collaborative learning were introduced. CONCLUSION: More research on the reform pharmacy education is warranted to better pharmacists' role in the clinical practice.

This study aims to analyze and compare the effect of cell wall-broken decoction pieces, conventional decoction pieces and conventional powder of Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma on the intestinal flora of normal mice. The conventional bacterial culture and PCR-DGGE (polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) were adopted for the mice after the oral administration for 14 days. According to the bacterial culture results, the 1/8 dose cell wall-broken decoction pieces group showed fewer Enterococcus and Escherichia coli bacillus but more Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium than the conventional decoction pieces group and the traditional powder group (P <0.05). Meanwhile, on the basis of the PCR-DGGE results, the 1/8 dose cell wall-broken decoction pieces group revealed the highest Shannon-Wiener index (H) and species richness (S) among the seven groups, with extremely significant differences compared with the normal group (P <0.01), significant differences compared with the conventional decoction pieces group and the conventional powder group (P <0.05) and a high intra-group similarity. In conclusion, the long-term intake of 1/8 dose Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma cell wall-broken decoction pieces showed a certain effect in regulating intestinal tract by promoting the growth of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Furthermore, the intestinal flora community will become more stable.
Animals ; Bifidobacterium ; drug effects ; genetics ; growth & development ; Cell Wall ; Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ; Intestines ; microbiology ; Lactobacillus ; drug effects ; genetics ; growth & development ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rhizome ; Rhodiola

Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of primary closure of common bile duct following laparoscopic common bile duct reexploration and choledocholithotomy for recurrent or residual choledocholithiasis in patients with prior biliary surgery.Methods We retrospectively studied the clinical data of 31 patients who were diagnosed recurrent or residual common bile duct (CBD) stones after prior bile duct surgery.All of 31 patients had undergone primary closure following laparoscopic common bile duct reexploration between Jan 2010 and Jan 2014.Results In all the 31 patients,there was no conversion to open surgery.There were no complications due to port placement,postoperative bleeding and mortality.The operation time was (106 ±32) min; the volume of intraoperative blood loss was (52 ± 16) ml; the time of postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery and postoperative hospital stay were (23 ± 3) h,(5.5 ± 1.5) d respectively.Duodenal injury was found and repaired intraoperatively laparoscopically in one patient.Bile leakage occurred in 2 cases recovered by conservative therapy.No postoperative stricture of bile duct,recurrent or residual stones were observed during a period of 1 month to 1 year (mean follow-up 6 months).Conclusions Primary closure following laparoscopic common bile duct reexploration for patients with a past history of biliary tract operation is safe,feasible,and effective procedure in hands of experienced laparoscopic surgeons.

Experimental studies with only one intervention are not always sufficient for health care issnes, while the method of complex intervention is more useful. But the complex intervention is more complicated and needs carefully design and evaluation. This article will introduce the framework for design and evaluation of complex intervention and the revised version made by Medical Research Council, with five examples showing its application.

Objective To investigate the regulation of T cells in the process of liver regeneration using a model of mice after 70% liver resection.Methods We performed 70% hepatectomy in T-cell-deficient mice and control mice.The liver mass and body mass ratio, BrdU infiltration level, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA),expression of M phase marker protein p-HDAC3, and serum transaminase levels were measured.Results The recovery of liver mass and body mass ratio of thymus-deficient mice occurred significantly later than that of control mice.The peak time of BrdU infiltration levels and the expression of PCNA and p-HDAC3 in T-cell-deficient mice were later than in control mice, but the degree of liver injury was lower.Conclusion T cells are involved in the regulation of liver regeneration, and the absence of T cells delays the process of liver regeneration.

Objective To observe tigecycline (TGC),minocycline (MH)and polymyxin B (PB)in vitro antibacterial activity of pan-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (PDR-Ab)for clinical treatment,provide the basis for infection control.Methods Collected 76 patients’clinical specimens used for no repeat count of isolation and identification with pan-resistant Acineto-bacter baumannii in Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital from October 2013 to March 2013.Used tigecycline,minocycline and polymyxin B to do susceptibility testing with disk diffusion method (KB).Results 76 pan-resistant Acinetobacter bau-mannii ,sensitive to the rate for tigecycline and polymyxin B were 100% sensitivity rate of minocycline and intermediary rates were 67.11%,27.63%.Conclusion Tigecycline,minocycline and polymyxin B for the Pan-resistant Acinetobacter bau-mannii had good in vitro antibacterial activity.It provide a reference for clinical pan-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infec-tions caused by diseases treatment.