Induced pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into a variety of cell types,which promote the development of human disease model,drug toxicity screening and sources of autologous cells.However,there have been many problems in the induced pluripotent stem cells reprogramming,such as safety and low efficiency.Small molecules are considered as a promising method to improve the reprogramming processes of induced pluripotent stem cell,and more and more small molecules have been identified to maintain stem cell self-renewal,providing a new approach to produce the desired reprogramming cells.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Humans ; Meridians ; Sensation

[ABSTRACT]OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effectiveness of low temperature radiofrequency ablation on tongue cancer in early stage (<2 cm T1 stage) .METHODS High differentiated tongue squamous cell carcinoma(<2 cm T1 stage) were removed with radiofrequency ablation in 11 patients and with high-frequency electrotome in 20 patients from 2009 to 2014 in our hospital. All the patients underwent elective neck dissection(I,Ⅱ,Ⅲ regions). Intraoperative blood loss, VAS ratings of post-operative pain, post-operative bleeding rate and the recurrence rate of tongue cancer or lymph node metastasis were compared between the two groups.RESULTSIn the radiofrequency ablation group, the mean intraoperative blood loss was 13.82±7.40ml, the VAS ratings of post-operative pain were 3.8±1.3 (day 1), 2.5±0.7 (day 3) and 1.8±0.6(day 5), post-operation bleeding occurred in one case, and lymph node metastasis occurred in one case at 6 month after operation. In the high-frequency electrotome group, the mean intraoperative blood loss was 40.55±12.03ml, the VAS ratings of post-operative pain were 6.8±1.3(day 1), 4.4±1.1(day 3) and 2.3±0.7(day 5), post-operation bleeding occurred in one case, and lymph node metastasis occurred in 3 cases at 6 month to one year after operation. The intraoperative blood loss and post-operative pain in radiofrequency ablation group were significantly lower and less than that in the high-frequency electrotome group.CONCLUSIONRadiofrequency ablation is a promising method for early stage tongue cancer with less blood loss, invasiveness and complications.

Objective:To evaluate the nasal safety of gastrodin nasal temperature-sensitive in situ gel through the studies on cilia toxicity in toads and mucosal irritation in rats. Methods:The toads were randomly divided into four groups, saline group, gastrodin in situ gel group, blank gel matrix group and sodium deoxycholate group, and the cilia toxicity was observed in vivo by a toad palate meth-od. The rats were randomly divided into three groups, saline group, gastrodin in situ gel group and blank gel matrix group, and the mucosal irritation was studied in rats through the observation of nasal mucosal pathological changes and behavioral indices. Results:Compared with the saline group, gastrodin in situ and blank gel matrix showed no notable effect on the cilia movement function in toads, and the effect on cilia movement of sodium deoxycholate showed statistically significant difference when compared with that of sa-line, gastrodin in situ gel and blank gel matrix (P<0. 01). During and after the treatment, no sneezing appeared in the rats. Com-pared with that in the saline group, the number of scratching nose in the gastrodin in situ gel group and blank gel matrix group in-creased (P<0. 05) without difference between the groups (P>0. 05), and after the 2-day withdrawal, that in the gastrodin in situ gel group and blank gel matrix group decreased significantly when compared with that at the last administration (P<0. 05) and showed no notable difference when compared with that in the saline group (P>0. 05). The number of inflammatory cells in the nasal mucosa in the gastrodin in situ gel group and blank gel matrix group increased complicated with congestion and cilia falling off, and after the with-drawal, the mucosal morphology in the three groups showed no significant difference. Conclusion:The local application of gastrodin in situ gel has high security, which is valuable to be studied further.

Four qi theory is an important part of property theory of traditional Chinese medicine. Current researches mainly focus on two aspects of cold and heat properties, which are not only important elements of treating diseases, but also are factors of causing adverse reaction. In this article, through the study on the toxicity mechanism of cold and hot properties, authors put forward to the control measures of toxic and side effects of traditional Chinese medicine with cold and hot properties, and pointed out that the importance of controlling toxicity of traditional Chinese medicine with cold and hot properties lies in the modernization and internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine.

Background As a main cellular component of retinal microvascular,retinal vascular endothelial cells (RVECs) play critical roles in the occurrence and development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) by proliferating,migrating and angiogenesis.Apolipoprotein A-Ⅰ (ApoA-Ⅰ) is the major apolipoprotein of high density lipoprotein.ApoA-Ⅰ is overexpressed in the retina of diabetic patients and plays different effects on RVECs upon different microenvironments,but its relationship with RVECs in high glucose environment is still not elucidated.Objective This study was to investigate the effects of ApoA-Ⅰ on proliferation,migration,tubulogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in human RVECs (hRVECs) in high glucose environment.Methods hRVECs were cultured with DMEM containing 10％ fetal bovine serum and passaged,and the cells at generation 3 to 6 were used in the study.The cells were divided into low-glucose group,low-glucose+ApoA-Ⅰ group,high-glucose group and high-glucose+ApoA-Ⅰ group,and the low concentration glucose (5 mmol/L),high contration glucose (25 mmol/L)and ApoA-Ⅰ (30 μg/ml) was added separately according to grouping.The proliferation and migration rate of the cells were evaluated by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and scratch wound test respectively.The tubulogenesis of the cells was examined by tube formation test.The mRNA and protein expression of VEGF in the cells was detected by using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot.Results The prolifative value (absorbancy) and migration rate of the cells in the high-glucose group were significantly higher than those in the low-glucose group,and those in the high-glucose+ApoA-Ⅰ group were significantly reduced in comparion with the high-glucose group (A value:P =0.001,0.033;migration rate:P =0.001,0.010).The number of tubes in the low-glucose group,low-glucose+ ApoA-Ⅰ group,high-glucose group and high-glucose+ApoA-Ⅰ group was 7.250±2.217,9.250±2.630,19.000± 3.916 and 11.500±3.697,showing a significant difference among the groups (F=10.335,P=0.001).The number of tubes in the high-glucose group was more than that in the low-glucose group,and the number of tubes in the highglucose+ApoA-Ⅰ group was less that that in the high-glucose group (P=0.001,0.037).The relative expression levels of VEGF mRNA were 0.944 ± 0.083,1.117 ± 0.204,1.768 ± 0.164 and 1.301 ± 0.077,and those of V EGF protein were 1.000±0.130,1.217±0.152,1.871 ±0.101 and 1.609±0.087 in the low-glucose group,low-glucose+ ApoA-Ⅰ group,high-glucose group and high-glucose+ApoA-Ⅰ group,respectively,with significant differences among the groups (mRNA:F =18.640,P =0.001;protein:F =10.335,P =0.001),and the expressions of VEGF mRNA and protein in the high-glucose group were significantly higher than those in the low-glucose group and high glucose+ ApoA-Ⅰ group (mRNA:P=0.000,0.004;protein:P=0.000,0.029).Conclusions ApoA-Ⅰ plays inhibitory effects on the proliferation,migration and tubulogenesis of hRVECs in high glucose environment,which may be associated with the downregulation of VEGF expression.

Objective To compare the effects of honey dressing and silver sulfadiazine dressing for wound healing in burn patients by Meta-analysis.Methods All the randomized controlled trials were collected by searching many kinds of databases in or out of the country to compare honey dressing with silver sulfadiazine dressing for wound healing in burn patients.Review Manager 5.2 was used to analyze the effects.Results Six randomized controlled trials (RCT) were included.Honey dressing was much better than silver sulfadiazine dressing for burn wounds,while there were no significant differences in positive rate of wound swab culture and healing days.Conclusions It can be proved that honey dressing has an advantage over silver sulfadiazine dressing in the wound healing days within 21 and final outcome.Whether honey dressing is superior to silver sulfadiazine dressing in antibacterial effects and healing days remains to be studied with adequate,powerful,high quality randomized controlled trials.

Objective To investigated the effects of intermittent hypoxia on neuronal apoptosis and autophagy in hippocampus.Methods 30 Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group (NC),intermittent normoxia group (IN) and intermittent hypoxia group (IH).The spatial learning and memory function of the rat was assessed using Morris water maze test.The apoptotic cells and the ultrastructure of neurons in the hippocampus tissue were observed by TUNEL and transmission electron microscope,respectively.And the expression of autophagy marker protein LC3 and Beclin-1 were measured by Western blotting.Results The escape latency was significantly longer in IH than in NC and IN group.And the ratio of time spent in the target quadrant was lower in the IH group than in NC and IN group (P＜0.05).The apoptotic rate of rat hippocampal neurons (F =6.01,P=0.037),the amount of double-layer membrane structure-complicating autophagic vacuoles with karyopyknosis,and protein expression level of LC3 and Beclin-1 were significantly higher (all P ＜0.05) in intermittent hypoxia group than in IN and NC group.Conclusions Intermittent hypoxiainduced autophagy and apoptosis in rat hippocampus are significantly increased,which might be one of the possible mechanisms for cognitive dysfunction caused by intermittent hypoxia.

Objective:To explore the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer through analysising the laparoscopic radical gastrectomy and open radical gastrectomy.Methods:Retrieval the Cochrane Library,PubMed,EMBASE,CBM,VIP,CNKI,WANFANG DATA,the time is from January 2010 to August 2015.Bring into the comparative studies about laparosopic radical gastrectomy and laparotomye.Processing data using the revman 5.2 to reaserch the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic radical gastrectomy.Results:7 clinical comparative studies were included in this study.The observation group was the group of laparoscopic radical gastrectomy and the control group was the group of laparotomye.Results showed that the length of incision of the observation group was shorter[MD=-12.93,95％ CI (-13.16,-12.70),P＜0.00001];The observation group bleeding was lesser[MD=-129.98,95％C1(-220.54,-39.42),P=0.005];The number of lymph node of the two groups had no significant difference [MD=0.77,95％ CI (-2.56,3.60),P=0.56];The operation time of the observation group was longer [MD=49.17,95％ CI (25.32,73.02),P＜0.0001];The hospitalization time of the observation group is shorter [MD=-2.27,95％ CI (-3.77,0.77),P=0.003].Conclusion:Laparoscopic radical gastrectomy is feasible and it is superior to laparotomye within the thoroughness,minimally invasiving and safety.

Objective To simulate the dynamic procedure of bullet damage to the three-dimensional(3D) finite element(FE) model of mandible from different angle with computer-aided engineering.Methods A mandible was scanned by thin-layer CT,and then CT images were analyzed and managed with Dicom standard and Mimics software.At the same time,a simulation of the 3D FE model penetrated by a 7.62-mm bullet was carried out through LS-DYNA software from different angle.Results A 3D FE model of human mandible was established with highly-identical geometric size,and the dynamic process of bullet damage to the model was successfully simulated.The results of this work indicated that the exit wounds in model tended to be larger than the entrances resulting from the same shot.Conclusion Thin-layer CT and Dicom standard can improve the efficiency of establishment of a more precise 3D FE model of mandible.The procedure of bullet damage to the mandible can be simulated by the finite element.