BacKground:Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1( LFA-1 ) pIays a cruciaI roIe in the pathogenesis of infIammatory boweI disease by reguIating the activation and function of T ceIIs. Aims:To investigate the effect of LFA-1 deficiency( LFA-1-/-)on differentiation of mice na?ve T ceIIs into Th17 ceIIs in vitro. Methods:LFA-1-/- mice were breeded and the progeny genome DNA was extracted from the taiIs for genotyping by PCR. CD4+CD62L+ na?ve T ceIIs were separated from spIenic mononucIear ceIIs of LFA-1-/- progeny mice and wiId type ( WT ) C57BL/6J mice, respectiveIy,by magnetic-activated ceII sorting( MACS),and then the purity of separated ceIIs was determined. Na?ve T ceIIs obtained were cuItured in different inducing systems[ transforming growth factor-β( TGF-β),TGF-β + interIeukin-6 (IL-6),and TGF-β + IL-6 + IL-23]in vitro for Th17 ceII differentiation;ceIIs in each inducing system were coIIected for anaIyzing the ratio of Th17 ceIIs by fIow cytometry,and the expressions of Th17-specific transcription factor ROR-γt and Th17-specific marker IL-17A were measured by qRT-PCR and ELISA methods. Results:AII fifteen progeny mice were identified as LFA-1-/- genotype. Purity of CD4+CD62L+ na?ve T ceIIs separated by MACS was above 95%. Th17 ceIIs couId be induced by Iow-dose TGF-βcombined with IL-6,and the differentiation ratio was increased obviousIy when IL-23 was added. In inducing system containing TGF-β,IL-6 and IL-23,na?ve T ceIIs from LFA-1-/- mice produced more Th17 ceIIs than those from WT mice(17. 2% ± 1. 4% vs. 5. 7% ± 0. 2%,P<0. 001),expressions of ROR-γt mRNA and IL-17A mRNA were up-reguIated(P<0. 001),and IL-17A concentration in ceII cuIture supernatant was increased(P<0. 01). Conclusions:Deficiency of LFA-1 promotes the differentiation of mice na?ve T ceIIs into Th17 ceIIs in vitro.

The article expounds the relationship of medical ethics and medical humanities education in a doctrinal aspect.Medical ethics possesses a more essential and inherent nature compared with medical humanities education,thus serves as the fundamental motivation and guide of medical practice for medical students and staff.Their relationship is clearly understood and the curriculum structure of medical education reasonably adjusted.The following will be beneficial reference for medical ethics cultivation for medical students: to strengthen all sidedness,positivism and interest of medical ethics education,medical humanities education served as evidence and complement for medical ethics education;to demonstrate ethical characteristics,profundity and intention of medical humanities education,medical ethics education also served as the aim and gist of medical humanities education.

The aging trend in China′s population sets an creasing demand for attention on senile people from both legal and emotional senses,including detailed and thoughtful humanistic hospice care.The traditional clinical service concept which values living while neglects dying should be modified,with a novel and overall humanistic hospice care for the dying and family members,in order to achieve the social harmony under the novel life value which enjoys living and a peaceful dying.

By using traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support system to analyze the dominant experience and recessive principles of the prescriptions for stranguria in the dictionary of traditional Chinese medicine prescription (DCMP), we aim to define the medication pattern and rule and to acquire new prescriptions. In dominant experience analysis, we were able to find 22 drugs used over 50 times, including drugs of clearing heat, diuresis and relieving stranguria which are the most used and drugs of clearing heat, cooling blood, benefiting Qi and nourishing Yin. In addition, drugs of activating Qi and Xue, eliminating phlegm and removing toxic are often used, including 34 herb pairs and 5 combinations of three-taste drugs are used more than 35 times. These results fully reflect the composition principles and compatibility characteristic of prescriptions for treating stranguria in DCMP. Thirteen new prescriptions by way of recessive principle excavating were acquired. These new prescriptions might be suitable to clinical treatments of variable syndromes. This article provides an useful clue to research and produce new drugs.
Cluster Analysis ; Dictionaries as Topic ; Drug Prescriptions ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Urination Disorders ; drug therapy

Asthma, Occupational ; diagnosis ; Humans

To review recent studies on the research advance of RET( Rearranged during transfection) on-cogene in thyroid cancer,breast cancer,and lung cancer.The literatures on the structure of RET gene and coding product,cell signal transduction,relationship among thyroid cancer,breast cancer,and lung cancer are reviewed. RET gene encoding tyrosine kinase receptor,involving in cell signal transduction,rearrangement of RET gene is frequently seen in thyroid cancer,which is reported more and more in breast cancer,and lung cancer.Rearrange-ment of RET gene is closely correlated with the occurrence and progress of thyroid cancer,breast cancer,and lung cancer.Taking together,these findings suggest that RET present an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of certain cancer subsets.

BACKGROUND:Articular injections of opioids are widely adopted for pain management of total knee arthroplasty, with both peri-articular and intra-articular administration routes. Recent studies have indicated that commonly used anesthetics, steroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are associated with potential adverse effects. Peripheral opioids are relatively safe with lower complication rates, but great controversy exits regarding the analgesic effects. OBJECTIVE:To introduce the current clinical application status and basic research progress in peri-articular and intra-articular opioid injections for postoperative analgesia of knee arthroplasties. METHODS:A computer-based search in PubMed and Embase databases was conducted for clinical and basic research articles related to pain management of knee arthroplasties using peri-articular and intra-articular injections of opioids published from January 1967 to May 2015, using the keywords of“opioids;peri-articular injection;intra-articular injection;analgesia;knee arthroplasty”in English. Irrelevant, poorly related and repetitive studies were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Peri-articular and intra-articular opioids injection plans vary greatly between different institutions, which does not support reliable quantitative data synthesis for a meta-analysis. Controversy exists regarding its efficacy, but there are studies supporting the usage of opioids for providing effective analgesia in a dose-dependent manner. The peri-articular administration route is associated with lower complication rates including nausea and vomiting compared to systematic injections. Applications of opioids help to avoid potential chondrocyte and stem cel cytotoxicity caused by other anesthetics, steroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which is important for pain management of total knee arthroplasties. Future investigations are required to promote articular analgesic effects and time duration by exploring more advanced drug combinations and dosage forms.

Objective To assess the health-related quality of life in elderly patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods The patients were collected from the outpatient department,a tertiary hospital in ShaanXi Province.The demographic characteristics such as age,gender,weight and height were collected.Spirometry was performed for every patient after salbutamol 400 μg was inhaled.6-minute walk test was done according to the guidelines which developed by American Thoracic Society in 2002.Four questionnaires,including COPD Assessment Test (CAT),Clinical COPD Questionnaire-week Version (CCQ),St George's Respiratory Questionnaire for COPD Patients (SGRQ-C) and Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire-Self Administered Standardized Activities-First Administration Version (CRQ-SAS),were answered by every participant.Results Totally 90 participants were enrolled between September 2013 and September 2014.75 cases(83.3％) were male and 70 cases (77.8％) were smokers or ex-smokers,the mean age was (67.8±9.7)years,and the mean educational history was (8.9±3.0)years.The mean body mass index was (23.3 ± 3.6) kg/m2,and the mean post-brochodilator FEV1 was (51.2 ± 18.7) ％ predicted.The average 6-minute walk distance was (424.5 ± 99.1) meters.The average scores of CAT and CCQ were(20.4±6.9) and (2.4±0.8),respectively.The mean SGRQ-C score was (38.5 ± 16.2).The symptoms,activity and impacts average scores of SGRQ-C were (64.3± 18.8),(45.1 ±21.3) and (25.7 ± 16.1).For CRQ-SAS,the average scores of dyspnea,fatigue,emotional function and mastery were (2.9±1.3),(2.9±1.1),(3.0±1.1) and (2.9±1.1),respectively.There was a weak correlation between FEV1 and each questionnaire scores.There was a moderate correlation between 6-minute walk distance and SGRQ-C,CCQ and CRQ-SAS.However,there was a weak correlation between CAT and 6-minute walk distance.For 6-minute walk distance,activity score of SGRQ-C,impacts score of SGRQ-C and history of coronary artery disease were independent influencing factors.For BODE index,activity and impacts score of SGRQ-C were independent influencing factors.Conclusions CAT,CCQ,SGRQ-C and CRQ-SAS are suitable to assess health-related quality of life for elderly patients with stable COPD,among four questionnaires,SGRQ-C is the best one.

Objective: To investigate the effect of Astragalus on peritoneal macrophages function in stable continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD) patients. Methods: 28 stable CAPD patients were included in this study.All the patients were treated with peritoneal dialysis fluid containing Astragalus(20 ml/2 L) in vivo for one week.Peritoneal macrophages function such as phagocytosis ratio、bactericidal ratio、excretion of cytokines(TNF-? and NO) and mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity(MTT assay) were examined ex vivo just before and after the treatment. In vitro,peritoneal macrophages isolated from effluent were incubated with RPMI 1640、CDF or CDF containing various concentrations of Astragalus. Then peritoneal macrophages function mentioned above were examined again and compared. Results:No significant difference was found in TNF-? level in effluent between before and after the treatment (100?63)ng/L vs (116?60)ng/L, (P=0.192). While comparing with pre-treatment, peritoneal macrophages function was improved significantly after the addition of Astragalus into dialysate (phagocytosis ratio: (34.8?12.7)% vs (43.4?9.3)%,P0.05).The results in these two groups were significantly lower than those in Astragalus groups(P0.05). While significant decreasing in NO level and mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity were observed in 8% Astragalus groups as compared with those in 2% Astragalus group(P

Objective: To study caffeine and/or placebo implication as countermeasures during sleep deprivation (SD). Methods: A double-blind, within-subjects and counterbalanced design was employed and five trials were conducted. Subjects were exposed to 30h SD in each trial. No medicine was administrated in control trial while placebo 200mg, caffeine 200mg, caffeine 400mg and the combination of caffeine (200mg) and placebo (200mg) were administered, respectively in the other trials. Letter Cancellation Test was used to assess the alertness. Result: The correct concealing numbers per minute (CCNM) of the combination of caffeine and placebo (62.36?7.31/min), caffeine 400mg(55.88?6.54/min) and caffeine 200mg (59.48?6.52/min) were more than that of control(46.80?5.35 /min), P0.05). Conclusion: Caffeine and the combination of caffeine and placebo expectation can increase alertness.