Objective To investigate the effect of neuropeptide substance P on airway smooth muscle cell contraction amplitude.Methods According to random method, 10 Wistar rats were divided into normal group and asthmatic group.By inhaled OVA to make asthmatic rat model;primary culture ASMC;confocal microscopy were used to observe the morphological changes and measure the length before and after different intervention.The percent of contraction length come from different group ASMC were used for statistical analysis.Results The ASMCs volume in acetylcholine intervented group and substance P intervented group decreased significantly,cell diameters shorten, cytoplasm reduction and cell arranged densely.The ASMCs volume in substance P receptor antagonist intervented group and nimodipine intervented group are about the same size as the ones in normal control group, were spindle-shaped, abundant cytoplasm and arrangement regularly.The contraction length percent of Ach intervened group is the biggest(19.60 ± 3.47) ％, contraction length percent of nimodiping intervented group is the shortest(3.25 ± 1.14)％ ,the contraction length percent in substance Precepter antagonist intervented group is bigger than the one in control group (3.54 ± 1.26) ％, but less than the one in Ach intervented group, asthmatic (14.36 ± 2.37) ％ and substance P intervened group (17.79 ± 3.19) ％.Conclusion Substance P can increase the amplitude of airway smooth muscle cell contraction, but the effect less than Ach;substance P receptor antagonists can inhibit smooth muscle cell contractility, but the effect less than nimodipine.Substance P participates in acute attack of asthma, increases airway reactivity by increasing airway smooth muscle contraction intensity.

Objective Investigate the effect of substance P and receptor antagonist on the current of NCX in ASMC.Methods Primary rat ASMC cultures were established.Immunofluorescence was used to identify ASMCs.Patch clamp exam was used to assess NCX currents in ASMC before and after intervented by Ach,substance P,NK-1R receptor antagonist and nimodiping,Voltage-current curves were drawn according to variation of voltage and current.PA indicates current amplitude,PF indicates cell area,and PA/PF indicates current density.Results As the voltage increased,the current density increased.When voltage up to-40mV the reverse current appeard.When the voltage is 60mV the current density in the Ach intervention group was highest,but lowest in the nimodipine intervention group;the current density in the substance P intervention group is more than in control group but lower than in Ach interevention group.The current density in the substance P receptor antagonist intervention group higher than nimodipine interevention goup,but lower than the other group (P ＜0.05).Conclusion In asthma airways,Ca2 + overload is related to the appearance of reverse-mode NCX.NK-1R antagonist plays a role in decreasing the Ca2 + concentration,which can relieve the current of reverse-mode NCX,and may benefit alleviating airway inflammation and responsiveness.As a result,NK-1R antagonist may be an attractive target for therapeutic approaches to asthma.

Objective To investigate the effect of budesonide on NK-1 receptor expression in airway smooth muscle cell (ASMC). Methods According to the random method,45 wistar rats were divided into three groups: asthmatic group, budesonide treatment group and control group. Aerosolize ovalbumin was used to make asthmatic rat model. Budesonide treatment group were given budesonide after inhaled ovalbumin. On day 21 .primary rat ASMC culture was conducted. The fourth cell passage and purified ASMC was collected for RT-PCR. The content of NK-1R was determined by real-time quantitative PCR. Data were expressed as mean±standard error (SE). The ANOVE Tukey test was carried out by using SPSS17.0 software and P＜0. 05 was considered significant. Results As compared with that of asthmatic group(1.1687±0.1356),NK-1R mRNA in therapy group( 1.0820 ±0. 1146) decreased significantly (P ＜0.05) ,but remained still higher than that of control group(1.034 7±0.2503) (P＜0. 05). Conclusion NK-1R may be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. Budesonide may down-regulate the expression of the NK-1R mRNA in the airway smooth muscle cell, which may inhibit inflammation in asthmatic attacks.

Sleep apnea includes obstructive sleep apnea,central sleep apnea and mixed sleep apnea.Ob-structive sleep apnoea syndrome(OSAS)is affecting up to 5.7% of children,which hss adverse impact on growth,development cognitive and behavioral outcomes,and untreated OSAS increases cardiovascular risk,so paying closer attention to childhood OSAS early diagnosis and treatment seems more important.First-line treat-ment in OSAS children is adenotonsillectomy,although other treatment options available include continuous posi-tive airways pressure,anti-inflammatory therapies,airway adjuncts and orthodontic appliances.Central sleep ap-nea may be related to respiratory regulation center immaturity or dysplasia.Central sleep apnea may be hereditary or acquired.Therefore,the treatment of central sleep apnea should be focused on primariy etiology.

Bronchiectasis ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Child ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans

Objective To explore the effect of recombinant scFv (3G11)directed against type IV collagenase in combination with cisplatin on the therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods The effects of cisplatin on the type IV collagenase secreted by cancer cells were investigated by gelatin zymography analysis and Western-blot.The antitumor activity of scFv (3G11)in combination with cisplatin was evaluated by MTT assay in vitro and a mouse hepatoma 22 model in vivo.Results Cisplatin inhibited the activity of type IV collagenase.ScFv (3G11)in combination with cisplatin showed significant inhibition effects on the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma both in vitro and in vivo.The coefficient of drug interaction(CDI)was less than 1.Conclusions ScFv (3G11)in combination with cisplatin demonstrated synergetic effects on the therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of neuropeptide substance P on airway resiatance in rats with asthma.MethodsSixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups including normal control group(n =20),asthma group(n =20) and substance P group(n =20).Asthmatic rat model was established.We detected inspiratory resistance and expiratory resistance in the airway of rats in each group with the intervention of different concentrations (0.062 5,0.125 0,0.250 0,0.5000 mg/ml) of methacholine(MCh) by using animal pulmonary function analyzer.Substance P group rats were given substance P ( 10-7 mol/L,0.2 ml) when airway resistance was detected.ResultsWith the increase in MCh concentration,the increase in airway resistance in rats was found,rat airway inspiratory resistance and expiratory resistance were all positively correlated with the concentration of MCh ( r=0.947,P＜0.05 ; r=0.965,P＜0.05 ).With the intervention of different concentration of Mch (0.0625,0.125 0,0.2500,0.5000 mg/ml),the significant differences were found among the three groups in rat airway inspiratory resistance ( F=73.4,89.3,91.2,106.4,P＜0.05) and expiratory resistance(F=67.3,77.5,83.4,126.5,P＜0.05).Airway resistance to MCh concentration response curves were shifted upward significantly in asthma group compared with normal control group and in substance P group compared with asthma group.Inspiratory resistance and expiratory resistancc in asthma group were significantly increased compared with normal control group( P＜0.05)and in sutstance P group compared with asthma group( P＜0.05 ).ConclusionSubstance P can increase asthmatic rat's airway resistance and the airway resistance increase with the increasing of MCh concentration.

Objective To explore the effect of Lactobacillussalivariuson the number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells and expression of transform?ing growth factorβ1(TGF?β1)in asthma Balb/c mice. Methods Thirty?two female Balb/c mice were randomly divided into four groups:the nor?mal control group,the asthma group,the Lactobacillus salivarius group,and the asthma combined Lactobacillussalivariusgroup. Acute asthma mod?el was established by the ovalbumin challenge method. After extraction of primary spleen cells,flow cytometry was used to test CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg/CD4+T ratio in spleen lymphocytes. The levels of IL?4,IFN?γand TGF?β1 in the spleen cell culture supernatant were measured by ELISA method. Results The level of Th2 cytokine(IL?4)in the spleen cell culture supernatant of the asthma group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),however,the level of Th1 cytokine(IFN?γ)was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05). The ex?pression level of Th2 cytokine(IL?4)in the Lactobacillussalivariusintervention group was significantly decreased compared with the asthma group, and the Th1 cytokine(IFN?γ)expression level was elevated compared with the asthma group(P<0.05). The level of TGF?β1 in the Lactobacillus salivarius intervention group was higher than in the asthma group(P<0.05). The proportion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg/CD4+T in spleen lympho?cytes in the asthma group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05),and was higher in the Lactobacillus salivarius intervention group than in the asthma group(P<0.05). Conclusion CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg was associated with the pathogenesis of asthma. Lactobacillus salivarius could adjust Th1/Th2 imbalance and reduce asthma inflammation through up?regulation of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg and TGF?β1 expression.

AIM: To investigate the effects of Scutellaria barbata flavonoids (SBF) on neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) aggregation, tau protein phosphorylation and the regulated mechanism of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3βand protein phosphatase (PP) 2A in the rats induced by amyloid βprotein 25-35 (Aβ25-35) in combination with AlCl3 and re-combinant human transforming growth factor ( RHTGF)-β1( composited Aβ) .METHODS:The male SD rats were used to establish the simulated Alzheimer disease ( AD) model by intracerebroventricular injection of composited Aβ.The Morris water maze was applied for screening the successful model rats with learning and memory deficits .The successful model rats were daily and orally administrated with SBF at doses of 35, 70 and 140 mg/kg or positive control drug Ginkgo biloba leaves flavonoids ( GLF) at 140 mg/kg for 37 d.The silver nitrate staining was used to determine the cortical NFT .The protein levels of total tau, phosphorylated protein of tau at Ser199 and Ser214 sites, GSK3βand PP2A in hippocampus and cortex were determined by Western blot .The mRNA expression of GSK3βand PP2A in the hippocampus and cortex was detected by RT-PCR.RESULTS:Compared with sham group , the cell number of positive NFT with silver nitrate staining in model rat cerebral cortex was significantly increased .The protein levels of phosphorylated tau protein at Ser 199 and Ser214 sites, GSK3βin the hippocampus and cerebral cortex in the model rats dramatically elevated , and PP2A was marked decreased as compared with the sham group rats.Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of GSK-3βsignificantly increased but PP2A was de-creased.However, these above abnormalities were differently attenuated by treating with SBF at different doses or GLF at 140 mg/kg for 37 d.CONCLUSION: SBF suppresses the NFT aggregation by inhibition of the regulatory functions of GSK-3βand PP2A, thus reducing the phosphorylation of tau protein .

Aim To study effects of total flavonoids from stems and leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi(SSF)on learning and memory deficits, automatic dyskinesia, neural and hepatic pathological changes and free radicals abnormal alterations.Methods Aluminum toxic model of mice was produced by introperitoneal injection (ip) of AlCl_3 for 50 d. Behavioral test of mice was used to examine the learning and memory ability;the number of automatic action determined the automatic dyskinesia;the neural and hepatic pathological changes were assessed by alterations of cerebral cortex and liver;MDA level and SOD activity in brain and liver were measured to evaluate free radicals.Results AlCl_3(100 mg?kg~-1 ,ip,50 d)resulted in a decreased ability of learning and memory in water maze task, lowered automatic action numbers, neuronal-hepatic-pathological changes and free radicals abnormal alterations, as compared with control group. The dose of SSF 50, 100 and 200 mg?kg~-1 significantly reversed the above pathological changes in toxic mice caused by aluminum. Conclusion SSF could reduce cognitive deficits and automatic dyskinesia, improve neuronal-hepatic-pathological changes and free radicals abnormal alterations.