Nipple-areola complex-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is a surgical procedure that allows the preservation of the skin and nipple-areola complex (NAC) in mastectomy. The use of NSM for breast cancer is still controversial. The appropriate standard for selecting patients with low risk of NAC involvement has not been well established. The clinicopathologicity characteristics of primary tumor (e.g., tumor-to-nipple distance, tumor location, tumor size, multicentricity, lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, grade, HER-2 status) have been reported to be associated with NAC involvement. Clinical evaluation of NAC, retroareolar tissue biopsy and evaluation of clinicopathologic characteristics of primary tumor are helpful to patient selection in current clinical practice of NSM. Further studies are still needed to establish uniform selection criteria for NSM in breast cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of recombinant adenovirus vector Adxsi-GFP-VP3 carrying apoptin gene VP3 on the apoptosis of human lung squamous carcinoma SK-MES-1 cell lines and human lung adenocarcinoma NCI-H1299 cell lines. METHODS:The exponential phase SK-MES-1 and NCI-H1299 cell lines were respectively divided into a recombinant adenovirus (Adxsi-GFP-VP3) group,a empty virus (Adxsi-GFP) group and a cell control (phosphate buffer) group,which were marked as group A,B and C respectively. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot method were used to detect the ex-pressions of VP3 mRNA and Apoptin in the cells of groups A and B 48 and 72 h after transfection. The change in the ultrastructure of the cells in group A was observed under transmission electron microscope 72 h thereafter. MTT method was adopted to detect the cell proliferation activities of three groups 24,48,72 and 96 h thereafter and flow cytometry to determine the apoptosis rates and cell cycle changes 24,48 and 72 h thereafter. RESULTS:Compared to group B,group A demonstrated the expression of VP3 mRNA in SK-MES-1 and NCI-H1299 cell lines 48 h after transfection,and Apoptin expression and ultrastructure change for apopto-sis of SK-MES-1 and NCI-H1299 cell lines 72 h thereafter. Compared to groups B and C,group A showed lower proliferation activ-ities and higher apoptosis rates of SK-MES-1 and NCI-H1299 cell lines,which had a positive correlation with transfection time;and in the group A,there was a decrease in the proportion of the SK-MES-1 and NCI-H1299 cell lines in S phase and an increase in the proportion of those in G2/M phase,72 h after transfection. There was statistically difference (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Adxsi-GFP-VP3 can effectively induce the apoptosis of SK-MES-1 and NCI-H1299 cell lines.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of high-dose Ambroxol in treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Methods Retrieved from PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP and WanFang databases by computer, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about high-dose of Ambroxol in treatment of AECOPD were included. According to the inclusive and exclusive criteria, literatures and data were independently screened and extracted by two researchers, and the quality of the studies were assessed, Meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.2 software. Results A total of 7 RCTs were included, involving 534 patients. Meta-analysis showed that experiment group can obviously improve the overall effective rate [OR = 4.11, 95%CI (2.31, 2.31), P < 0.000 01), shorten hospital stays(OR = 3.60, 95% CI (4.66, 2.55), P < 0.00001), compared with the control group was statistically difference, and no obvious adverse reactions. Conclusion High-dose of Ambroxol could improve AECOPD overall effective rate, shorten hospital stays, improve pulmonary function and blood gas analysis, and no serious adverse reactions, be worth clinical promote using.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects of different doses of flurbiprofen axetil on analgesia effects of patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS:120 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were selected and randomly divid-ed into group A,B and C,with 40 cases in each group. Group A,B and C were given the mixture 100 ml of flurbiprofen axetil 100,150 and 200 mg combined with tramadol 600 mg and ondansetron 4 mg respectively and 0.9% Sodium chloride injection for patient controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA)at the end of operation. Mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR)and static and dynamic visual analogue scale(VAS)scores were observed in 3 groups at the end of operation,4,8,24 and 36 h after sur-gery. The incidence of incision pain,neck-shoulder pain and hypochondrium,the occurrence of ADR were recorded 36 h after oper-ation. RESULTS:After operation,There was no statistical significance in comparison of 3 groups with MAP,HR,static and dynam-ic VAS(P>0.05),4,8,24,and 36 h after operation,MAP,HR,static and dynamic VAS score of group B and C decreased sig-nificantly,there was statistical significance,compared with group A(P<0.05);there was no statistical significance in above indi-cators between group B and group C(P>0.05). After operation,the incidence of incision pain,neck-shoulder pain and hypochon-drium in group A were significantly higher than group B and C,with statistical significance(P<0.05),but there was no statistical significance between group B and group C(P>0.05). After operation,the incidence of ADR in group A and B were significantly lower than in group C,with statistical significance(P<0.05),but there was no statistical significance between group A and group B(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Flurbiprofen axetil 150 mg combined with tramadol 600 mg and ondansetron 4 mg can improve he-modynamics and patient controlled intravenous analgesia in patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy with lower incidence of ADR.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of isoflurane preconditioning on the plasma concentration of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and myocardial ultramicrostructure in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement. METHODS: Thirty patients undergoing elective cardiac valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were randomly assigned to a control group (ný15) and an isoflurane group (ný15). In the isoflurane group, isoflurane of 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration end-tidal( 1.1% approximately 1.2%) was administered for 30 min followed by a 15 min washout period before the CPB. The control group did not inhale isofurane, and there was no difference in the other drugs in the 2 groups. Blood samples for MMP-9 were obtained before incision(T(0)) and at 30 min (T(1)),6 h (T(2)),12 h (T(3)), and 24 h (T(4)) after the reperfusion. Right atrial biopsies were collected before and after the CPB to observe the myocardial ultramicrostructure. RESULTS: Compared with T(0), the mean MMP-9 level significantly increased at T(1), T(2) and T(3) in the control group(P<0.01), while the MMP-9 level only at T(1) significantly increased in the isoflurane group (P<0.01). The mean MMP-9 level was significantly reduced in the isoflurane group at T(2) compared with each time point in the control group. The difference in MMP-9 levels between T(1), T(2), T(3) and T(0) was significantly lower in the isoflurane group than that in the control group (P<0.01). The ultramicrostructure injury of myocardium under electron microscope in the control group was worse than that in the isoflurane group. CONCLUSION The plasma concentration of MMP-9 is inhibited by isoflurane preconditioning in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement after CPB, which might be part of its protective mechanism against myocardium injury after CPB.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Cardiotonic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; methods ; Humans ; Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial ; methods ; Isoflurane ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; blood ; Middle Aged ; Myocardium ; ultrastructure ; Young Adult

A 56-year-old female was admitted to Department of Gastroenterology at Peking Union Medical College Hospital with diarrhea for seven months, and abnormal liver function for six months. She had a history of type 1 diabetes. The main clinical manifestations were recurrent fatty diarrhea and abnormal liver function, accompanied by abdominal and retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, elevated CA19-9 and CEA. Progressive impairment of hepatic synthetic function and shrinkage of liver developed in a short period of time. The pathology of liver biopsy suggested that nodular regeneration of hepatocytes was followed by hyperplasia of thin bile ducts after submassive necrosis. Intestinal mucosa biopsies were performed twice. The pathology showed that the intestinal villi were completely blunt, accompanied with crypt hyperplasia. Goblet cells disappeared with reduced mucin. Paneth cells were barely seen without intraepithelial infiltration of lymphocytes. Rifaximin was not effective, while glucocorticoids improved clinical situation. The diagnosis of autoimmune enteropathy was finally confirmed by multidisciplinary team including departments of gastroenterology, pathology, endocrinology, hematology, infectious diseases, and rheumatology. With the administration of glucocorticoid and sirolimus, diarrhea relieved and liver function returned to normal.

This study was purposed to investigate the expression of annexin II in patients with hematologic malignancies and its role in genesis and development of hematologic malignancies. The expression levels of annexin II in bone marrow cells from untreated 81 patients with acute leukemia, 6 patients with MM and 20 patients with iron deficiency anemia were detected by real-time PCR assay. The results showed that the expression of annexin II mRNA significantly increased in M(3) patients as compared with others, the expression of annexin II gene in groups M(5), MM, M(4) were higher than that of other groups except M(3) group, and there were no significant difference in expression of annexin II gene between M(1) + M(2) groups and controls. It is concluded that the expression of annexin II gene significantly increased in patients M(5), M(4), MM, who showed higher ratio of infiltration than other patients. It is inferred that the annexin II participates in invasion and infiltration of hematologic malignancies probably through enhancing the degradation of extracellular matrix by cells of hematologic malignancies.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Annexin A2 ; genetics ; Bone Marrow Cells ; metabolism ; Female ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo establish the rats model of acute pulmonary edema induced by inhalation of high concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2).

METHODS38 SD rats were divided into the experimental group (n = 30) and the control group (n = 8). 30 rats in the experimental group were exposed to (6747.47 ± 25.24) mg/m(3) NO2 in the exposure system. At the time point of 6, 12, 18, 24 h, chest X-ray examination was taken for the experimental group. And at each time point, 6 rats were sacrificed after taking blood samples. After sacrificing, the lung of rats was taken for pathological examination and calculated lung wet/dry weight ratio. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentration of blood samples were detected.

RESULTSAcute pulmonary edema was successfully induced by exposure to NO2 in 30 rats within 24 hours. There were some cloudy shadows without clear edge on the chest X-ray. To the time point of 12 hours, shadows combined with each other, and to the time point of 18 hours, the whole lung became "white" on the X-ray. The situation stabilized but not improved at the time point of 24 hours. HE staining of the lung tissue showed that to the time point of 6 hours, the alveolar gap increased and small amount of eosinophilic liquid leaked into alveolar. To the time point of 12 hours, alveolar combined with each other and eosinophilic liquid increased in amount. To the time point of 18 hours, the whole alveolar was filled with eosinophilic liquid and the situation stabilized till the time point of 24 hours. Wet/dry weight ratio of the experimental group at each time point were 5.6 ± 0.20, 6.89 ± 0.25, 8.03 ± 0.47, 7.81 ± 0.45. There was significant difference compared with the control group which was 4.72 ± 0.06 (P < 0.01). There was statistical difference between 12, 18, 24 h and 6 h time points (P < 0.01). Moreover, statistical difference was observed between 18, 24 h and 12 h time points for wet/dry weight ratio (P < 0.01). The erythrocyte SOD activity reduced significantly. Compared with the control group, there was a statistical difference (P < 0.01) at each time point. After exposure of 18 and 24 hours, plasma ANP concentration (136.66 ± 35.37) and (134.10 ± 60.41) ng/ml respectively, which were higher than (31.31 ± 13.06) ng/ml of control group and (34.71 ± 13.42) ng/ml of 6 hours time point and (47.98 ± 7.86) ng/ml. The differences were significant (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONHigh concentrations of NO2 can induce acute pulmonary edema model successfully in SD rats.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Nitrogen Dioxide ; administration & dosage ; toxicity ; Pulmonary Edema ; chemically induced ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo explore the changes in spatial learning performance and long-term potentiation (LTP) which is recognized as a component of the cellular basis of learning and memory in normal and lead-exposed rats after administration of melatonin (MT) for two months.

METHODSExperiment was performed in adult male Wistar rats (12 controls, 12 exposed to melatonin treatment, 10 exposed to lead and 10 exposed to lead and melatonin treatment). The lead-exposed rats received 0.2% lead acetate solution from their birth day while the control rats drank tap water. Melatonin (3 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered to the control and lead-exposed rats from the time of their weaning by gastric gavage each day for 60 days, depending on their groups. At the age of 81-90 days, all the animals were subjected to Morris water maze test and then used for extracellular recording of LTP in the dentate gyrus (DG) area of the hippocampus in vivo.

RESULTSLow dose of melatonin given from weaning for two months impaired LTP in the DG area of hippocampus and induced learning and memory deficit in the control rats. When melatonin was administered over a prolonged period to the lead-exposed rats, it exacerbated LTP impairment, learning and memory deficit induced by lead.

CONCLUSIONMelatonin is not suitable for normal and lead-exposed children.

Animals ; Female ; Lead ; toxicity ; Learning ; drug effects ; Long-Term Potentiation ; drug effects ; Male ; Maze Learning ; drug effects ; Melatonin ; administration & dosage ; toxicity ; Rats ; Spatial Behavior ; drug effects

We analyzed the sequence of vertebrate molecular marker genes, then we selected the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 16S rRNA gene as marker gene. In order to detect four kinds of animal-derived ingredients, which including bovine, goat, pig and chicken. We utilized a pair of universal primers, designed four sets of species-specific microarray probes and two pairs of quality control probes. We optimized the PCR amplifications and hybridization conditions, therefore these four kinds of animal-derived ingredients could be rapid and accurate detected by this approach. The detection limits were all reaches 1 pg. We established the detection platform of these four kinds of animal-derived ingredients. This universal PCR-microarray assay provides a new method for the identification of animal-derived ingredients in the import-export field.
Animal Feed ; analysis ; Animals ; Cattle ; Chickens ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; genetics ; Food Contamination ; analysis ; Goats ; Meat ; analysis ; Microarray Analysis ; methods ; Mitochondria, Muscle ; enzymology ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; genetics ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Swine