Objective:To explore the mechanism and characteristics of total saponin of stibmata maydis in decreasing blood glucose by study the effect total saponin of stibmata maydis on carbohydrate tolerance reducing mice model and ?-glucosidase activity in vitro.Methods:The model was established by intramuscular injecting Dexamethasone.Fasting blood sugar and serum blood sugar level were measured to observe the effect of total saponin of stibmata maydis.An enzyme-inhibitor model was established to study the effect of total saponin of stibmata maydis on ?-glucosidase activity.Results:Compared with model group,total saponin of stibmata maydis of middle dosage can remarkably reduce blood sugar level after irrigating the glucose for 30min,60min and 20min;high and low dose of total saponin of stibmata maydis and the group of Diamicron can obviously reduce the blood glucose level at every time period;total saponin of stibmata maydis can inhibit the activity of ?-glucosidase in vitro and have obvious dose-effect relationship.Fifty percent of ?-glucosidase activity is inhibited at 45.07?l(20mg/ml).Conclusion:Total saponin of stibmata maydis had the remarkable function of improving carbohydrate tolerance on reducing mice model induced by Dexamethasone and inhibits ?-glucosidase activity.

To review recent studies on the research advance of RET( Rearranged during transfection) on-cogene in thyroid cancer,breast cancer,and lung cancer.The literatures on the structure of RET gene and coding product,cell signal transduction,relationship among thyroid cancer,breast cancer,and lung cancer are reviewed. RET gene encoding tyrosine kinase receptor,involving in cell signal transduction,rearrangement of RET gene is frequently seen in thyroid cancer,which is reported more and more in breast cancer,and lung cancer.Rearrange-ment of RET gene is closely correlated with the occurrence and progress of thyroid cancer,breast cancer,and lung cancer.Taking together,these findings suggest that RET present an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of certain cancer subsets.

Objective To evaluate the magnetic resonance angiography(MRA) in senile lower extremity arterial disease and to compare the diagnostic value of two dimensional time of flight(2D TOF) with three dimensional contrast enhancement(3D CE) technique. Methods Seventy patients with a mean age of 75 years underwent MRA for suspected acute or chronic lower extremity arterial disease. MRA was performed with a 1 5 T MR scanner and Gd DTPA was used by manual injection in 3D CE MRA. Among 52 patients examined with 2D TOF MRA, 18 of them underwent an additional 3D CE MRA, 32 patients took Doppler ultrasound examination, and 4 patients received emergency operation. Results In all 70 patients, 52 showed atherosclerotic stenosis disease, 17 atherosclerotic occlusive disease (4 of them were verified by emergency operation) and one patient atherosclerosis with aneurysmal dilatation. A total of 997 vessel segments were shown on MRA images and 600 of them were abnormal including 486(81%) mild to moderate stenoses, 114(19%) severe stenoses and 451 curved arterial segments. In 32 patients who underwent Doppler ultrasound, the diagnosis and its grading based on MRA was well correlated with that from Doppler ultrasound (coincidence rate was 91% and 96% respectively). A total of 764 suprapopliteal and 125 infrapopliteal arteries were depicted by 2D TOF MRA (visibility was 99% and 40% respectively). In 18 patients who received additional 3D CE MRA, totally 306 arteries were depicted on MRA (visibility 100%). Doppler ultrasound showed 40 segments with arterial calcification and 32 atherosclerotic plaques. Conclusions MRA is quite useful in detecting lower extremity arterial disease because of its noninvasion and convenience. The results derived from MRA are well correlated with that of Doppler ultrasound and clinical outcome. 3D MRA is superior to 2D TOF MRA in image quality, accuracy and time efficiency and is best for emergency case. Pitfalls of MRA such as overestimation in the severity of the disease and the long scanning time of 2D TOF must be taken into consideration .

Objective To improve X-ray and clinical knowledge of asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia(ATD).Methods X-ray film and CT findings of twin infants were studied meanwhile relative literature about ATD was reviewed.Results The main positive fingings of ATD were as follow:(1)The thoracic cages were both shorter than usual in the transverse and anterioposterior diameter;the anterior ends of the ribs are widened and cupped;(2)The pelvis also show abnormalities which include some flaring of the ilia,and early ossification of the centers for the capital femoral epiphyses;(3)Incureable respiratory infection was the prominent clinical manifestation.Conclusion ATD,a rarely seen disease,often occurs in those patients who suffer from pneumonia repeatedly;Because plain films can clearly show the relative characteristic deformity changes of thoracic cage and pelvis,X-ray examination can be regarded as the most important diagnostic method.

Objective To study the technique of placemen t of Nitinol stent for relieving malignant pylorus or duodenal obstruction, and to assess its clinical effectiveness.Methods In this group the strictures were caused by gastric car cinoma at the antrum (n=2), anastomosis site of previous gastrojejunostomy (n=2 ), gastric carcinoma at the cardia (n=4), colon cancer (n=1), pancreatic cancer (n=3) and duodenal cancer (n=4). Under fluoroscopic guidance the Nitinol stent w as inserted into pylorus or duodenal obstruction sites via oral cavity in all ca ses. Complications and clinical status were investigated during the study period .Results Successful stent placement was achieved in 15 cases. Tw o patients had undergone double stent placement (pylorus stent and bile duct ste nt). The rate of improvement in abdominal distention and vomiting 1 week after p rocedure was 73 3% and 86 7% respectively. Procedure-related complications ne ver occurred.Conclusion Nitinol alloy network stent is a safe and efficaciou s method for palliating malignant pylorus or duodenal obstruction, and improves patient's living quality.

Objective To expolre the clinical effects of quickening blood and beautifying skin decoction on 20-50-year-old females with physical constitution of qi-stagnation and blood stasis.Methods According to the 2010 enactment of the Chinese Medical Association's Classification and Assessment of Chinese Constitution the standard identification of the physical object and physical scale iden tification,55 cases of 20 50 years old of Qi-stagnation and blood-stasis constitutions were collected and quickening blood and beautifying skin decoction treatment was given.25 g of the decoction were administrated each time,2 times a day,for 2 months.After that,the identification of physical constitution fitness was conducted,to find if this kind of beauty-keeping decoction could improves women's physical constitutions and some beauty-harm related physical symptoms.Results After taking the herbal decoction before and after treatment,the quality of Qi-stangnation and blood-stasis constitutions and factor of the beauty-harmful relevant symptoms were statistically significant differences (P＜0.005).The total score of Qi-stangnation and blood-stasis constitutions and beauty-harm relevant symptoms showed that the total effective rate reached 61.82％.Conclusions The result indicates this quickening blood and beautifying skin decoction has a certain effect in improving the quality of qistangnation and blood-stasis situation and treating the beauty-harm relevant symptoms.The traditional Chinese medicine decoction has a certain effect on improving physical constitution which is abnormal.

Objective To explore the mechanisms of TGF-? 1?TGF-? 1RⅡ and NF-?B on the angiogenesis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods The expression of TGF-? 1 ?TGF-? RⅡ and NF-?B protein in 36 cases of HCC and surrounding HCC tissue was separately detected using immunohistochemistry technique.To observe the relationship of TGF-? 1 protein and MVD, TGF-? 1RⅡ protein and MVD, NF-?B and TGF-? 1 protein, using CD34 labelling vessel endothelial cell. Results The expression of TGF-? 1 and MVD in HCC tissue was higher than that in surrounding HCC tissue (P

Objective To evaluate the short-term effects and complications of transoral endoscopic suturing in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux diseases (GERD). Methods Sixteen patients with GERD, confirmed by gastroscopy, upper gastrointestinal barium meal examination, and esophageal pH value examination, received gastroesophageal suturing by using an endoscopic suturing device (manufactured by Bard Co.). The site of suturing was 1cm below the dentation line, with a suture interval of 1.5cm and a knot interval of 2.0cm. Symptom severity scoring, esophageal 24-hour pH monitoring and the degree of esophagitis before and 1 month after the operation were compared respectively. Results A total of 42 sutures and 21 knots were made in the 16 cases. The mean operation time was 30 min. The sum of heartburn scores and regurgitation scores before the treatment were 39 (mean, 2.44) and 32 (mean, 2.0), and those after the treatment were 11 (mean, 0.68) and 10 (mean, 0.63), respectively, with statistical significances between preoperation and postoperation ( ? 2 =19.5 and 16.33; P

Objective:To measure and analyze the corneal biological parameters of Tibetan junior middle school students who have lived in Mozhugongka County of Lhasa city for a long time.Methods:A cross-sectional study was performed.The basic information including gender, age and grade of 1 784 Tibetan junior high school students who have lived in Mozhugongka County of Lhasa city for a long time was collected, and the corneal biological parameters were measured in May, 2020.The available data of 690 students were obtained in this study.Unilateral eye of each subject was randomly selected for statistical analysis using computer random number method.Three hundred and forty-five right eyes and 345 left eyes from 366 males and 324 females were included.There were 461 eyes from students aged 12 to 15 years, and 229 eyes from students aged 16 to 20 years.Sirius 3D corneal topography and anterior segment analysis system were used to measure the thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), iridocorneal corneal angle, simulated K1 and simulated K2, thinnest point position.Histogram and Q-Q chart were used to assess the distribution of continuous variables except the thinnest point position of cornea.The differences in biological parameters were compared between males and females, 12-15 years group and 16-20 years group as well as right eyes and left eyes.The literature of corneal biological parameters from other ethnic group was reviewed and compared with the Tibetan subjects.This study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by an Ethics Committee of Tibet Hospital (No.QZYY2019-IRBPJ-21).Results:The ACD of the right eye of the students was (3.31±0.27)mm, which was significantly greater than (3.26±0.26)mm of the left eye ( t=0.745, P=0.012). Mean TCT, CCT, iridocorneal angle, simulated K1 and simulated K2 were (504.99±30.73)μm, (509.10±35.82)μm, (47.45±5.70)°, (43.15±1.89)D, and (44.16±2.29)D of the right eye, and thoes of the left eyes were (503.34±29.22)μm, (508.36±28.75)μm, (47.86±5.88)°, (43.06±1.40)D and (44.16±1.53)D, respectively, with no significant differences between the right and left eyes (all at P>0.05). The ACD and iridocorneal angle were significantly greater, and the simulated K1 and simulated K2 were significantly smaller in males compared with females (all at P<0.05). There were no significant differences in TCT and CCT between males and females (both at P>0.05). The corneal biological parameters were not signficantly different between different age groups (all at P>0.05). The thinnest point of cornea distributed mainly at inferior temporal quadrant zone for the right eyes, and superior temporal quadrant zone for the left eyes. Conclusions:Corneal biological parameters of Tibetan junior high school students in high altitude areas might be different from those of other ethnic students.Ophthalmologists should pay attention to this population in diagnosis and treatment of corneal diseases and refractive error.

BACKGROUND:Although the mechanism why neuronal cels wil die after transient cerebral ischemia has not been completely elucidated, many researches nowadays have investigated the pathological mechanism in the level of celular organs, such as mitochondria.
OBJECTIVE:To summarize and discuss the functions of neuronal mitochondria and apoptosis signaling pathways in transient cerebral ischemia.
METHODS: A computer-based online retrieval was performed to search papers in CNKI and PubMed databases using the key words of “cerebral ischemia, mitochondrion, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species, reperfusion, superoxide dismutase, nitric oxide synthase, Bcl-2 protein family, review” in Chinese and English, respectively. Papers published recently or in the prestigious journals were selected in the same field. After excluding objective-independent papers and repeated studies, 50 papers were included for further analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Recently mitochondria are found to play an important role after transient cerebral ischemia by producing a lot of reactive oxygen species to activate many kinds of signaling pathways and regulate mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Reactive oxygen cannot only induce biomacromolecule injury but also induce apoptosis signal transduction. Deeply investigation is needed on the pathological mechanism after transient cerebral ischemia.