ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).MethodsTotally 101 male patients with MS and 117 male patients without MS were enrolled from September 2008 to January 2010 in the department of geriatrics of Peking University People's Hospital.The MS diagnosis was made according to the criteria by Chinese Diabetes Society (2004).Blood pressure,body weight,body height,body mass index (BMI) were measured and calculated.Biochemical analyses including serum fasting blood glucose (FBG),total cholesterol ( TC),triglycerides (TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were performed.Total prostate volume (PV) were measured by ultrasound.ResultsPV in patients with MS[(39.7±21.1)m1] was significantly larger than in patients without MS[(30.7±9.3)ml] (P＜ 0.05).There was no difference in PSA level between groups (P＞ 0.05).PV were positively correlated with BMI(r=0.27,P=0.019),hypertension duration(r=0.37,P=0.01),PSA(r=0.51,P=0.001),FBG(r=0.24,P=0.013) and systolic blood pressure(SBP)(r=0.20,P=0.047),but negatively correlated with HDL-C ( r = - 0.24,P = 0.013 ).Conclusions BMI,hypertension duration,PSA,FBG,SBP,and lower HDL-C may play roles in the pathogenesis of prostatic hvperplasia.

Objective To compare the efficacy of holmium laser and traditional surgery for the treatment of varicosis of the lower limbs.Methods From March 2005 to December 2006,226 patients with varicosis of the lower limbs(274 limbs)were treated using holmium laser(laser group,120 patients with 148 diseased limbs)or high ligation and stripping of the great saphenous vein(traditional group,106 patients with 126 diseased limbs).Results The mean operation time of the laser group was significantly shorter than that in the traditional group [(38.0?10.8)min vs(61.5?12.3)min,t=-15.294,P=0.000].None of the patients in the laser group need analgetics after the operation,while 58 patients in the traditional group received the drug after the surgery(0 vs 54.7%,?2=88.329,P=0.000).The patients in the laser group returned to activities earlier and had shorter postoperative hospital stay than those in the traditional group [(6.2?0.8)h and(3.0?0.5)d vs(22.5?1.5)h and(8.5?2.5)d;t=-105.034,P=0.000 and t=-23.632,P=0.000,respectively].The rates of complications and 1-year recurrence were similar in the two groups [16.9%(25/148)vs 18.3%(23/126),?2=0.087,P=0.768 and 3.8%(3/78)vs 3.1%(2/65),?2=0.000,P=1.000].Conclusions Holmium laser has advantages of shorter operation time and hospital stay,fewer surgical incisions,milder postoperative pain,and earlier return to activities.Closure of the great saphenous vein is the key to ensure the effect of laser therapy.High ligation of the great saphenous vein should be done simultaneously if necessary.

Objective:It has been proposed that blood pressure variability(BPV) is positively related to end-organ damage(EOD) in hypertension.The present work was designed to observe the effects of long-term treatment with nitrendipine and hydralazine on BPV and EOD in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR),to examine the hypothesis that lowering BPV with an antihypertensive drug is an important factor in organ protection.Design and methods:Drugs were mixed in rat chow.After 4 months of drug administration,blood pressure was recorded continuously in conscious freely moving rats for 24 h.The heart,kidneys,and brain were then isolated and examined.Results:It was found that nitrendipine significantly decreased blood pressure and BPV,and significantly decreased EOD score in SHR.Hydralazine decreased blood pressure,but did not lower BPV.No effect on EOD was found in hydralazine-treated rats.In control rat(n=38),EOD score was weakly related to systolic blood pressure(r=0.331,P<0.05) and closely related to long-term systolic BPV(r=0.551,P<0.01).In nitrendipine-treated rats,EOD score was closely related to long-term systolic BPV(r=0.602,P<0.01),but not to blood pressure level(r=0.174,P>0.05).Conclusion:BPV plays an important role in the organ-protecting effects of nitrendipine.

BACKGROUND: Spherical Toric intraocular lens can effectively correct the preoperative astigmatism of cataract patients, but it is unclear whether the aspheric Toric lens is better than the spherical Toric lens to improve the quality of vision. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the optical quality after implantation of aspheric toric intraocular lens in cataract surgery. METHODS: Seventy-three cataract patients with corneal astigmatism (80 eyes) were enrol ed, including 37 males and 36 females, aged 47-83 years. Among them, 36 cases were implanted with aspheric Toric intraocular lens (test group), and the other 37 cases were implanted with spherical Toric intraocular lens (control group). Postoperative examinations were performed at 3 months, including axial intraocular lens, uncorrected visual acuity, corrected visual acuity, residual astigmatism, contrast sensitivity, and wavefront aberration. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Three months after implantation, the axial view, uncorrected visual acuity, corrected visual acuity and residual astigmatism showed no differences between the two groups; no shape deviation and lens decentration occurred; there was no case required to remove the lens or subjected to secondary adjustment. In the test group, the moderate and high spatial frequency contrast sensitivity at the scotopic or scotopic glare state was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05), the total higher order aberrations and spherical aberrations at a pupil diameter of 5.0 mm and spherical aberration at a pupil diameter of 3.0 mm were significantly less than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Additional y, there were no differences in scattering index, cut-off frequency of the modulation transfer function, Strehl ratio and visual acuity at 9%, 20% and 100% contrast between the two groups. These findings indicate that the aspheric and spherical toric intraocular lenses have similar effects in improving the astigmatism and raising the uncorrected visual acuity, but the former one is superior to the latter one in improving scotopic vision, and total higher order aberrations and spherical aberrations.

BACKGROUND:Monofocal and multifocal Toric intraocular lens that have been widely used in clinic exhibit xcelent biological and optical characteristics and have good safety and stability after implantation. OBJECTIVE:To compare the outcomes and rotation stability in patients with cataract and astigmatism after implantation of monofocal and multifocal intraocular lens. METHODS:A total of 210 patients with cataract and astigmatism who received phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation were included in this study. Of them, 105 patients were assigned to monofocal intraocular lens implantation and the other 105 patients to multifocal intraocular lens implantation. Uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, residual astigmatism were reexamined at 1, 3 weeks and 1 month after surgery. The rotation of Toric intraocular lens was determined. The incidence of complications and spectacles- independent rate were recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Visual acuity and residual astigmatism in each group were significantly improved after 1 week of intraocular lens implantation (P < 0.05); furthermore, these two indicators became better over time. Improvement of visual acuity and residual astigmatism in multifocal intraocular lens group was more obvious than that in monofocal intraocular lens group. Postoperative intraocular lens rotation at < 5° occurred in both groups. The intraocular lens rotation degree in multifocal intraocular lens group was higher than that in monofocal intraocular lens group at different time points (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in incidence of complications and spectacles-independent rates between two groups at 1 month after surgery. These results demonstrate that multifocal Toric intraocular lens provides better visual acuity and residual astigmatism improvement, while monofocal Toric intraocular lens provides better rotation stability.

BACKGROUND: Studies have found that chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans degradation with chondroitinase canpromote the migration of Müller cells on the retina, but whether it could promote the migration of adipose-derivedmesenchymal stem cells in retinal degeneration rats is unclear.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans degradation with chondroitinase on adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell treatment for retinal degeneration in rats.METHODS: Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and cultured. A retinal degeneration ratmodel was established followed by administration of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells+chondroitinase into thesubretinal space. The migration of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and retinal cell apoptosis in rats aftertransplantation were observed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells could be successfully cultured.The labeling rate of BrdU to the human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells was more than 90.0%. At 7 days aftermodeling, the outer nuclear layer of the retina was collapsed, and a large amount of photoreceptor cells were dissected.The outer nuclear layer was attached to the Bruch''s membrane, and the retina was arched. The central retina andperipheral retina were damaged. In normal rats, the retinal layers were clear, and the photoreceptor cells arrangedregularly; and the retinal pigment epithelium was complete. The migration rate of adipose-derived mesenchymal stemcells in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells+chondroitinase group was higher than that in adipose-derivedmesenchymal stem cells group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the apoptotic rate of retinal cellsbetween the two groups (P > 0.05). These experimental findings show that chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans degradationwith chondroitinase can enhance the migration ability of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on the retina.

Objective To investigate the influence of the stent position in transjugular intrahepatic left branch of portal vein portosystemic shunt (TILPS) on the long-term effect.Methods The clinical data of 527 patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding duo to portal hypertension,who were treated with TILPS during the the period from January 2012 to December 2014,were retrospectively analyzed.According to whether the stent was placed into the left branch of portal vein,the patients were divided into the study group (stent in the left branch of portal vein,n=318) and the control group (stent in the main portal vein,n=209).The success rate of surgery,the shunt channel flow dynamics,the stent patency rate,the incidence of hepatic encephalopathy,the rate of re-bleeding,etc.were compared between the two groups.Results The success rate of shunting operation was 100％ in both groups.One year after the treatment,the blood velocity and flow parameters in the shunt channel of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P＜0.05).During the the follow-up period lasting for one year,the incidences of shunt channel dysfunction in the study group and in the control group were 1.26％ (4/318) and 5.74％ (12/209) respectively (P=0.003),the incidences of hepatic encephalopathy in the study group and in the control group were 0.31％ (1/318) and 4.31％ (9/209) respectively (P=0.001),and the incidences of re-bleeding in the study group and in the control group were 0.94％ (3/318) and 2.87％ (6/209) respectively (P=0.095).Conclusion During the performance of TIPS,the puncture of the left branch of portal vein and placement of the stent in the left branch of portal vein can reduce both the incidence of shunt channel dysfunction and the incidence of hepatic encephalopathy.

AIM: To investigate long-term effects of sinoaortic denervation (SAD) on the contraction and relaxation of thoracic aortae in rats.METHODS:SD rats underwent either SAD or sham operation at the age of 10 weeks. At 4,8, 16, and 32 weeks after operation, the contraction and relaxation of the thoracic aortae were measured by isolated artery technique.RESULTS:The NE-induced contraction and ACh-induced relaxation of aortic rings were progressively increased and depressed respectively after SAD.CONCLUSION:Vascular functional changes induced by purely blood pressure variability is similar to those observed in well-established experimental hypertensive states.

BACKGROUND:Autologous hard palate mucosa has been validated to be a substitute of the tarsal conjunctival. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the treatment outcomes of autologous hard palate mucosa applied in the eyelid reconstruction. METHODS:180 patients (180 eyes) with eyelid defects aged 10-63 years old were recruited, including 122 males and 58 females, and subjected to the transplantation of autologous hard palate mucosa. In the same time, flaps were designed and transferred into the defected eyelid soft tissues. All patients were followed up for over 3 months to observe the treatment outcomes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Three months after surgery, viscous secretions were found in the implanted region and conjunctival sac, which were relieved and eliminated by usage of antibiotic drops. All implanted hard palate mucosa survived within 1 year, neither infections nor falling off occurred, and blood vessels growth into the implant-tissue conjugation that inosculated with the host vessels presenting no rejection. The implants revealed different degrees of shrink in 132 patients, but the eye function was normal. During the hospitalization, some uncomfortable feeling such as eye pain had been relieved, and the wound showed no infections and healed well. During the follow-up, there were eight patients with slight lower eyelid ectropion and three with hypophasis. The length or height difference of both eyelids was within 2 mm, except those who lost eye bal s. These results suggest that autologous hard palate mucosa achieve satisfactory outcomes in the eyelid reconstruction and possesses good histocompatibility.

A Comprehensive review was present on the sources, enzyme stru cture, enzyme reaction mechanism and the application of the nitrilase.