This study is to investigate the effect and mechanism of puerarin on DNA damage of HaCaT cells induced by UVB. Puerarin pre-treated cells were irradiated with UVB at 30 mJ x cm(-2). Twenty four hours after irradiation, DNA damage was detected by comet assay, ceramide was measured by thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography, intracellular free calcium ion was analyzed by flow cytometry, the phosphorylation level of p38 protein was examined by Western blotting method. Levels of DNA damage, ceramide, free calcium ion and p-p38 protein were elevated in UVB model cells. Contrary to the model group, all indicators above were reduced in all groups pre-treated by puerarin. Puerarin restrains the ceramide accumulation to block downstream p38 MAPK pathway and calcium ion rising, therefore reduces DNA damage in HaCaT cells induced by UVB.
Calcium ; metabolism ; Cell Line ; Ceramides ; metabolism ; DNA Damage ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Down-Regulation ; Humans ; Isoflavones ; pharmacology ; Keratinocytes ; cytology ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Ultraviolet Rays ; adverse effects ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo objectively evaluate the practical significance of different extended surgeries in early gastric cancer(EGC) patients, and to choose reasonable gastrectomies and lymphadenectomies.

METHODSA total of 217 EGC patients were investigated undergone normalized D2 or above extended surgery and their clinicopathological data were recorded in detail. The efficiency of the extended lymphadenectomies, complications and operation causes were analyzed, and the correlation between the group 2 lymph node metastasis (LNM) and clinicopathological factors were assessed, too.

RESULTSThere was no nodal involvement in the No.5 and No.6 lymph nodes among the total gastrectomy in the upper third of the stomach, neither was in the No.10, 11p and 11d lymph nodes among the combined splenectomy, and neither was in the No.15 lymph nodes among the combined transverse mesocolon resection in the lower third of the stomach. There was no distant nodal involvement in the EGC. Above all, most of them were mistaken for advanced gastric cancer preoperatively and intraoperatively, the operation time was longer and the blood loss was more during operation. Among the resected nodes of group 2 in the lower third of the stomach, metastasis was not found in the No.11p, 12a and 14v lymph nodes. The rate of the No.7 and 8a nodal involvement in the submucosa cancer was higher than that in the mucosa cancer(P<0.05) and so did the No.7 in the lymphatic penetration positive(P<0.001). The No.1 and No.13 nodal involvement were only seen in the high risk cases, such as submucosa cancer, the lesion diameter more than 3.0 cm, depressed type and lymphatic involvement.

CONCLUSIONIt is not necessary to execute total gastrectomy in the upper third of the stomach, combined organ resection (such as splenectomy, transverse mesocolon resection), and distant lymph node dissection in the EGC. In the lower third of the stomach, the No.11p 12a and 14v lymph nodes shouldn't be dissected. With respect to the high risk nodal involvement cases in the lower third of the stomach, the No.1 lymph nodes should be dissected and so does the No.13 lymph nodes if it's tumefied. It is the key point of reasonable operation to exactly diagnose the EGC before and during the surgery.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVES: To develop the birth weight curves of the Chinese Han (26-41 weeks of gestation) and Zhuang (28-41 weeks of gestation) singleton neonates in 11 cities of China, as well as the birth weight means of full-term neonates of 14 Chinese ethnic groups. METHODS: The live singleton neonates who were born in 11 maternal and child health care hospitals from 11 cities of China between January 2017 and December 2020 were classified according to the mother's ethnic group. Birth weight means were calculated for the full-term neonates of each ethnic group. For the Han and Zhuang singleton neonates with a large sample size, the Lambda-Mu-Sigma (LMS) method was used to establish the birth weight percentile curves of the Han and Zhuang singleton neonates with different gestational ages. RESULTS: A total of 105 365 live singleton neonates were included, among whom the Han neonates had the highest number of 84 851 (26-41 weeks of gestation), followed by the Zhuang neonates (12 803 neonates with a gestational age of 28-41 weeks). The neonates of the other Chinese ethnic groups enrolled were live full-term singleton neonates, with a sample size of more than 100 neonates for each ethnic group. The 3rd-97th percentile curves of birth weight were established for the Han singleton neonates with a gestational age of 26-41 weeks and the Zhuang singleton neonates with a gestational age of 28-41 weeks. The birth weight curves of the Han singleton neonates at each gestational age were higher than those of the Zhuang singleton neonates. Birth weight means (3 199-3 499 g) and standard deviations were determined for 14 Chinese ethnic groups, i.e., Li, Mulao, Zhuang, Yao, Dong, Miao, Han, Buyi, Mongolian, Tujia, Yi, Hui, Man, and Korean ethnic groups. The Li ethnic group had the lowest birth weight, followed by the Mulao, Zhuang, Yao, Dong, Miao, Han, Buyi, Mongolian, Tujia, Yi, Hui, Man, and Korean ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS The 3rd-97th percentile curves of birth weight are developed for the Han (26-41 weeks of gestation) and Zhuang (28-41 weeks of gestation) singleton neonates in 11 cities of China, and birth weight means are determined for the full-term neonates of 14 Chinese ethnic groups in 11 cities of China, which provides a reference for evaluating the intrauterine growth of neonates in these ethnic groups.
Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Child ; Humans ; Infant ; Birth Weight ; Ethnicity ; Cities ; Gestational Age ; China

Objective: To explore the effect of Feng-liao-chang-wei-kang (FLCWK) on acute and chronic gastroenteritis, synergistic effect on the growth inhibitory effect with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on colorectal cancer and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: In the in vitro study, HT-29 cells were divided into 5-FU alone, FLCWK alone and coadministration groups. The MTT assay was used to analyze the proliferation of HT-29 cells at 24 h. Flow cytometry was used to observe the apoptosis, cycle of colorectal cancer HT-29 cells at 24 h. In the in vivo experiment, The subcutaneous transplantation tumor model of colorectal cancer HT-29-Luc was established with nude mice. All mice were randomly divided into 5-FU alone, FLCWK alone and coadministration groups according to body weight. During administration, the Interactive Video Information System small animal live imaging system was used to monitor the growth of subcutaneous transplantation in nude mice. The model of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CACC) was established with BALB/c mice. BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the normal control group, the model control group, and the FLCWK group. At the end of the administration, the pathological status was detected by HE staining. Cell apoptosis of tumor tissue tumor and colon tissues were observed by TUNEL staining and TUNEL green fluorescence. The protein expression of Caspase 3, p-STAT3, Bcl-2, Bax and P-gp in tumor tissues tumor and colon tissues were tested by using immunohistochemical assay. Results: FLCWK and 5-FU coadministration suppressed HT-29 cell viability and induced S phase arrest and apoptosis compared to treatment with 5-FU alone. Furthermore, compared to treatment with 5-FU alone, coadministration of FLCWK and 5-FU obviously reduced tumor volume and weight and induced apoptosis through decreasing p-STAT3 and P-gp and increasing Caspase 3 protein expression in a murine xenograft tumor model. Moreover, the result revealed decreased number and size of tumors following FLCWK protective administration, downregulated p-STAT3 and Bcl-2 levels and upregulated Bax and Caspase 3 expression in mice with CACC. Conclusions: FLCWK has synergistic effects with 5-FU on colorectal cancer by suppressing the STAT3 pathway and downregulating P-gp expression. Furthermore, FLCWK administration suppresses CACC tumorigenesis by inhibiting the STAT3 pathway.

BackgroundShensong Yangxin Capsule (SSYX), traditional Chinese medicine, has been used to treat arrhythmias, angina, cardiac remodeling, cardiac fibrosis, and so on, but its effect on cardiac energy metabolism is still not clear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of SSYX on myocardium energy metabolism in angiotensin (Ang) II-induced cardiac hypertrophy.

MethodsWe used 2 μl (10 mol/L) AngII to treat neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) for 48 h. Myocardial α-actinin staining showed that the myocardial cell volume increased. Expression of the cardiac hypertrophic marker-brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) messenger RNA (mRNA) also increased by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Therefore, it can be assumed that the model of hypertrophic cardiomyocytes was successfully constructed. Then, NRCMs were treated with 1 μl of different concentrations of SSYX (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 μg/ml) for another 24 h. To explore the time-depend effect of SSYX on energy metabolism, 0.5 μg/ml SSYX was added into cells for 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. Mitochondria was assessed by MitoTracker staining and confocal microscopy. mRNA and protein expression of mitochondrial biogenesis-related genes - Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), energy balance key factor - adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), fatty acids oxidation factor - carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1), and glucose oxidation factor - glucose transporter- 4 (GLUT-4) were measured by PCR and Western blotting analysis.

ResultsWith the increase in the concentration of SSYX (from 0.25 to 1.0 μg/ml), an increased mitochondrial density in AngII-induced cardiomyocytes was found compared to that of those treated with AngII only (0.25 μg/ml, 18.3300 ± 0.8895 vs. 24.4900 ± 0.9041, t = 10.240, P < 0.0001; 0.5 μg/ml, 18.3300 ± 0.8895 vs. 25.9800 ± 0.8187, t = 12.710, P < 0.0001; and 1.0 μg/ml, 18.3300 ± 0.8895 vs. 24.2900 ± 1.3120, t = 9.902, P < 0.0001; n = 5 per dosage group). SSYX also increased the mRNA and protein expression of PGC-1α (0.25 μg/ml, 0.8892 ± 0.0848 vs. 1.0970 ± 0.0994, t = 4.319, P = 0.0013; 0.5 μg/ml, 0.8892 ± 0.0848 vs. 1.2330 ± 0.0564, t = 7.150, P < 0.0001; and 1.0 μg/ml, 0.8892 ± 0.0848 vs. 1.1640 ± 0.0755, t = 5.720, P < 0.0001; n = 5 per dosage group), AMPK (0.25 μg/ml, 0.8872 ± 0.0779 vs. 1.1500 ± 0.0507, t = 7.239, P < 0.0001; 0.5 μg/ml, 0.8872 ± 0.0779 vs. 1.2280 ± 0.0623, t = 9.379, P < 0.0001; and 1.0 μg/ml, 0.8872 ± 0.0779 vs. 1.3020 ± 0.0450, t = 11.400, P < 0.0001; n = 5 per dosage group), CPT-1 (1.0 μg/ml, 0.7348 ± 0.0594 vs. 0.9880 ± 0.0851, t = 4.994, P = 0.0007, n = 5), and GLUT-4 (0.5 μg/ml, 1.5640 ± 0.0599 vs. 1.7720 ± 0.0660, t = 3.783, P = 0.0117; 1.0 μg/ml, 1.5640 ± 0.0599 vs. 2.0490 ± 0.1280, t = 8.808, P < 0.0001; n = 5 per dosage group). The effect became more obvious with the increasing concentration of SSYX. When 0.5 μg/ml SSYX was added into cells for 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h, the expression of AMPK (6 h, 14.6100 ± 0.6205 vs. 16.5200 ± 0.7450, t = 3.456, P = 0.0250; 12 h, 14.6100 ± 0.6205 vs. 18.3200 ± 0.9965, t = 6.720, P < 0.0001; 24 h, 14.6100 ± 0.6205 vs. 21.8800 ± 0.8208, t = 13.160, P < 0.0001; and 48 h, 14.6100 ± 0.6205 vs. 23.7400 ± 1.0970, t = 16.530, P < 0.0001; n = 5 per dosage group), PGC-1α (12 h, 11.4700 ± 0.7252 vs. 16.9000 ± 1.0150, t = 7.910, P < 0.0001; 24 h, 11.4700 ± 0.7252 vs. 20.8800 ± 1.2340, t = 13.710, P < 0.0001; and 48 h, 11.4700 ± 0.7252 vs. 22.0300 ± 1.4180, t = 15.390; n = 5 per dosage group), CPT-1 (24 h, 15.1600 ± 1.0960 vs. 18.5800 ± 0.9049, t = 6.048, P < 0.0001, n = 5), and GLUT-4 (6 h, 10.2100 ± 0.9485 vs. 12.9700 ± 0.8221, t = 4.763, P = 0.0012; 12 h, 10.2100 ± 0.9485 vs. 16.9100 ± 0.8481, t = 11.590, P < 0.0001; 24 h, 10.2100 ± 0.9485 vs. 19.0900 ± 0.9797, t = 15.360, P < 0.0001; and 48 h, 10.2100 ± 0.9485 vs. 14.1900 ± 0.9611, t = 6.877, P < 0.0001; n = 5 per dosage group) mRNA and protein increased gradually with the prolongation of drug action time.

ConclusionsSSYX could increase myocardial energy metabolism in AngII-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Therefore, SSYX might be considered to be an alternative therapeutic remedy for myocardial hypertrophy.

Angiotensin II ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cardiomegaly ; drug therapy ; Energy Metabolism ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Myocardium ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; Rats