The successful separation of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) is the foundation of BCSC research.At present,people could gather BCSCs to some extent in a number of ways.However,as more and more biomarkers are found in BCSCs separation,the heterogeneity becomes a hot spot.How to gather BCSCs as much as possible and how to explain the heterogeneity could provide new insights in the treatment of breast cancer.

Objective To compare the individual effects of three recruitment maneuvers (RM) in children with congenital heart disease complicated by postoperation acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Methods A prospective single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted.Thirty-two children with congenital heart disease complicated with ARDS after open-heart surgery undergoing mechanical ventilation were randomized into three groups,to whom three different RM was respectively performed,namely sustained inflation (SI),progressively increased positive end expiratory pressure (IP) and pressure control ventilation (PCV).Blood gas analysis was done every 6 hours,and the lung RM was performed if oxygenation index (OI) ≤ 300 mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa).The OI,the dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn),as well as the parameters of hemodynamics before,during and after RM for 15,30,and 60 minutes were recorded and analyzed before and after RM.Results During the treatment process,the OI was significantly increased during the process and 15,30 or 60 minutes after RM compared with that before RM,with no statistical difference among groups (F value was 1.027,0.403,0.264,0.172,0.159,and P value was 0.367,0.671,0.769,0.843,0.853).The Cdyn at all time points in each group was also significantly increased,but there was no statistical difference among groups (F value was 0.009,0.015,0.206,0.010,0.389,and P value was 0.991,0.985,0.814,0.990,0.683).In the process of RM,the heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) of the children were lowered compared with those before RM [HR (bpm):131.67 ± 9.56 vs.138.93 ± 5.22 in SI group,133.27 ± 9.54 vs.140.33 ± 7.74 in IP group,137.13 ± 7.39 vs.142.40 ± 9.18 in PCV group,all P ＜ 0.01;MAP (mmHg):55.07 ± 4.43 vs.65.87 ± 4.46 in SI group,58.82 ± 6.04 vs.64.02 ± 7.65 in IP group,57.89 ± 4.71 vs.65.36 ± 5.37 in PCV group,all P ＜ 0.01],but it recovered immediately.CVP in all three groups was increased during RM [cmH2O (1 cmH2O =0.098 kPa):11.60±0.99 vs.5.53±0.74 in SI group,10.33± 1.35 vs.5.40±0.74 in IP group,10.20±0.94 vs.5.80±0.68 in PCV group,all P ＜ 0.01].There was significant difference in CVP during RM among three groups (F =7.327,P =0.002),and CVP in SI group was higher than that of other two groups (both P ＜ 0.05).CVP returned to the former level in 15 minutes after RM in IP and PCV groups,and recovered in 30 minutes in SI group.Conclusions All of the RM methods can effectively improve oxygenation and pulmonary compliance of the children with complication of ARDS,and they complement the inadequacy of lung protective ventilation.PCV and IP are more effective than SI in the uniform re-expansion of alveoli after RM and recovery of hemodynamics.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents in herbs of Polygonum jucundum.

METHODThe 85% ethanol extract was separated by means of silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The compounds isolated from the plant were identified by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic evidence.

RESULTEight compounds were isolated and identified as: quercetin-3'-O-beta-D-galactoside (1), 8-methoxyquercetin (2), pigenin (3), luteolin (4), quercetin (5), 3,5,7-trihydroxychromone (6), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (7), beta-sitosterol (8).

CONCLUSIONAll compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time, compounds 5- 8 were isolated from the genus Polygonum for the first time.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Polygonum ; chemistry

Health Personnel ; psychology ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Multivariate Analysis ; Professional Competence ; statistics & numerical data ; Stress, Psychological ; epidemiology

The cells of Trichoderma reesei were immobilizxed on a roll of porous polyurethane foam sheet and packed in a bubble column bioreactor for simultaneous production of chitosanase and degradation of chitosan in situ. The average degree of polymerization could be regulated by reaction time. Under the repeated-batch process with 2 % soluble chitosan at pH4.8,28℃ , the activity of chitosanase for each batch was above 0.15 IU/mL, the average yield of reducing sugar as D-glucosamine reached 73%. The novel immobilized bioreactor system run stably and effectively in the successive 10 batches lasting 30 days without notable change in the activity and productivity.

Objective To construct a prokaryotic expression vector in BL21 to secretorily expressα-Cyclodextrin Glycosyltransferase(α-CGTase). Methods α-CGT gene was amplified from Bacillus macerens genome by PCR.pET26b and α-CGT gene were connected after digested with Nco I, Xho I respectivly, and then transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 strain.α-CGTase was expressed in fermentation culture medium and AA-2G was prepared by using α-CGTase, VC and starch.Results α-CGTase was expressed secretorily and the enzyme activity was up to 120 U/mL.AA-2G was prepared by the biotransformation of VC and starch using α-CGTase which proved to be correct by HPLC.Conclusion AA-2G was prepared by using self-madeα-CGTase, after optimized the preparation conditions the yield of AA-2G was 17.46 g/L, and the conversion rate reached 58.2%(mg/mg).

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents in roots and rhizomes of ligularia duciforms.

METHODThe compounds were isolated by column chromatography, the structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analysis.

RESULTSix compounds were isolated and identified as caffeic acid (I), (E)-docosyl-3, 4-dihydroxycinnamate (II), (E)-docosyl 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyferulate (III, beta-amyrone (IV), beta-sitosterol (V), and daucosterol (VI).

CONCLUSIONAll the compound were isolated for the first time from the plant, and the compound II and IV were isolated firstly from the genus Ligularia.

Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Caffeic Acids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Cinnamates ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Coumaric Acids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the protective mechanism of dexmedetomidine ( Dex) hydrochloride to lung ischemia/reperfusion injury ( LIRI) in mice. Methods The wild type ( WT) and Toll-like receptor 4 knockout ( TLR4-/-) C57BL/6 Balb/c female mouse randomly divided into four groups: sham group ( S group) , pulmona-ry ischemia/reperfusion group ( I/R group) , normal saline group ( NS group) and Dex group ( D group) . In S group, the chest was opened only, but in I/R group, NS group and D group, model of lung ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice was made by clamping left pulmonary hilum for 30 min, and then reperfusion for 3 h. The lung tis-sue was observed by HE staining. RT-qPCR detected the expression of TLR4 mRNA, and ELISA measured the TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1 levels, including WT and TLR4-/-. Western blot measured the expression of NLRP3 in lung tissue in both WT and TLR4-/-. Results Dex significantly decreased the pathological damage of LIRI, re-duced the expression of levels of TLR4 mRNA and the production of inflammatory cytokines ( P＜0.01) , and also suppress production and activation of NLRP3 ( P＜0.01) in lung ischemia/reperfusion tissue in WT mice. But no cytokines was found to be inhibited in TLR4-/- mice. Conclusions Dex may decrease the release of a variety of pro-inflammatory factors and inhibit production and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by TLR4, thereby protect lung against LIRI.

To study in vitro anti-influenza viral activities of Chinese traditional patent medicines for influenza prevention and treatment, neuraminidase (NA) activity assay was used to examine NA inhibitory activity of 33 Chinese traditional patent medicines through fluorimetric assay, and influenza virus induced cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay was used to verify their anti-influenza viral activities in vitro. The assay results showed that most liquid preparations displayed relatively high NA inhibitory activities, such as Shuanghuanglian oral liquid, Qingkailing oral liquid, Qingre Jiedu oral liquid, and Reduning injection. Among liquid preparations, Shuanghuanglian oral liquid not only displayed the highest NA inhibitory effect, but also exhibited obvious in vitro anti-viral activity in CPE experiment. Among solid preparations, Shuanghuanglian powder for injection showed the highest activity on NA inhibition, and Fufang Yuxingcao tablet showed relatively strong anti-influenza viral activity in CPE cells. From the results, it can be concluded that most Chinese traditional patent medicines possessed NA inhibitory activity, but only a few of them displayed significant in vitro anti-influenza viral activities. These results will provide important information for the isolation of active constituents, and for the clinical uses of Chinese traditional patent medicines for influenza treatment and prevention.
Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; drug effects ; Dogs ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Influenza B virus ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Neuraminidase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the expression and significance of interleukin-8 (IL-8), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and trefoil family factor 1 (TFF1) in the remnant stomach mucosa.

METHODSPatients after gastrectomy were examined by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Biopsy specimens were obtained from stoma and the greater curvature of the upper corpus to be assessed for Hp (by H.E. and Giemsa staining) and conduct real-time semi-quantitative PCR. mRNA was extracted from the biopsy specimens to determine the IL-8, COX-2 and TFF1 gene mRNA levels by real-time PCR method.

RESULTSIn the stoma, COX-2 level in Hp-positive patients was significantly higher than that in Hp-negative patients, but the difference of IL-8 levels between them was not significant. In the corpus, IL-8 and COX-2 levels in Hp-positive patients were significantly higher than those in Hp-negative patients. In Hp-negative patients, IL-8 and COX-2 levels in the stoma were significantly higher in B II anastomosis than in B I anastomosis cases; COX-2 level in the stoma was significantly higher in B II anastomosis than in B I anastomosis cases, but the difference of IL-8 levels between them was not significant. TFF1 level in the remnant stomach mucosa showed no significant difference between Hp-positive and Hp-negative patients.

CONCLUSIONHp infection and bile reflux are important risk factors for the secondary stomach carcinogenesis. Expression of IL-8 and COX-2 in the remnant stomach mucosa is related to the risk of secondary stomach carcinogenesis. The relationship between the TFF1 expression and secondary stomach carcinogenesis in the remnant stomach mucosa is still unclear and should further be studied.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; Gastric Mucosa ; metabolism ; Gastric Stump ; Helicobacter Infections ; metabolism ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Interleukin-8 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Risk Factors ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; microbiology ; surgery ; Trefoil Factor-1 ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics