Objective To evaluate the role of p38MAPK signaling pathway in the up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression during hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (HSR)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. Methods Thirty-two C3H/HeN (wild-type) mice, aged 10-12 weeks, weighing 20-25 g, were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8 each): sham operation group (group S); group HSR; FR167653 (a p38MAPK inhibitor) group (group FR) and FR167653 + HSR group (group FR + HSR). HSR was induced according to the methods described by Ayala et al. MAP was reduced to 35-45 mm Hg and maintained for 60 min.Then the animals were resuscitated with transfusion of the shed blood and lactated Ringer's solution equivalent to the volume of shed blood. FR167653 5 mg/kg was injected intravenosly in group FR. FR167653 5 mg/kg was injected intravenously 30 min before blood-letting in group FR + HSR. The animals were sacrificed by exsanguination at 6 h after resuscitation. The lungs were immediately removed for microscopic examination. The W/D lung weight ratio was calculated and the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), IL-10, IL-6 and HO-1 and activated p38MAPK were determined (by ELISA).Results Compared with group S, the pathological score, W/D ratio, the levels of MPO, IL-10, IL-6 and HO-1 and the level of activated p38MAPK were significantly increased in group HSR, the pathological score, W/D ratio and the level of HO-1 were significantly increased in group HSR + FR ( P ＜ 0.01) .Compared with group HSR, the pathological score, W/D ratio, the levels of MPO, IL-10, IL-6 and HO-1 and activated p38MAPK were significantly decreased in group HSR + FR ( P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusion p38MAPK signaling pathway mediates the up-regulation of HO-1 expression during HSR-induced ALI in mice.

Medical information exchange and integration is the effective method to solve the interoperability and medical information island, and is the basis of medical information sharing. In this paper, we take medical texts and medical images as the basic integrated objects, DICOM, HL7 messages and datasets as the integrated units, efficient DI-COM, HL7 message construction and parsing methods as basis, design and realize a universal medical information integration and exchange service middleware. Experimental results show that the prototype system could perform medical information integration and exchange among relational database, HL7 and DICOM message, provide a feasible scheme to solve the medical information island and lay a good foundation for establishing the unified medical information integration and sharing platform. The middleware has been applied in the project named "development and demonstration of opened medical information integration system".
Computer Systems ; Information Dissemination ; Medical Informatics ; Software

Health Personnel ; psychology ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Multivariate Analysis ; Professional Competence ; statistics & numerical data ; Stress, Psychological ; epidemiology

Seventy-three patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into atheroselerosis(AS) group and non-AS group according to the intima-media thickness(IMT)of the carotid artery.The plasma visfatin level in AS group was higher than that in non-As group[(44.95±10.14 vs 34.52±9.08)μg/L,P<0.05],and both of them were higher than that of the control [(24.46±7.18)μg/L,both P<0.05 ].The visfatin level Was positively correlated with IMT,waist-to-hip ratio,visceral fat thickness,fasting insulin,and HOMA insulin resistance index.Age,duration of diabetes,HbA_(1C),and visfatin level were the major risk factors for IMT of the carotid artery.

OBJECTIVETo test the reliability and validity of two mental workload assessment scales, i.e. subjective workload assessment technique (SWAT) and NASA task load index (NASA-TLX).

METHODSOne thousand two hundred and sixty-eight mental workers were sampled from various kinds of occupations, such as scientific research, education, administration and medicine, etc, with randomized cluster sampling. The re-test reliability, split-half reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and correlation coefficients between item score and total score were adopted to test the reliability. The test of validity included structure validity.

RESULTSThe re-test reliability coefficients of these two scales and their items were ranged from 0.516 to 0.753 (P < 0.01), indicating the two scales had good re-test reliability; the split-half reliability of SWAT was 0.645, and its Cronbach's alpha coefficient was more than 0.80, all the correlation coefficients between its items score and total score were more than 0.70; as for NASA-TLX, both the split-half reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were more than 0.80, the correlation coefficients between its items score and total score were all more than 0.60 (P < 0.01) except the item of performance. Both scales had good inner consistency. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the two scales was 0.492 (P < 0.01), implying the results of the two scales had good consistency. Factor analysis showed that the two scales had good structure validity.

CONCLUSIONBoth SWAT and NASA-TLX have good reliability and validity and may be used as a valid tool to assess mental workload in China after being revised properly.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Competency ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Health ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sampling Studies ; Self-Assessment ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; standards ; Task Performance and Analysis ; Workload

OBJECTIVETo clarify the dose-response relationship between asbestos dust exposure and lung cancer incidence in chrysotile asbestos miners by fixed cohort study and to investigate the incidence rates of lung cancer in exposure to different concentrations of asbestos dust.

METHODSA retrospective cohort study was conducted in 1932 asbestos miners who registered from January 1, 1981 to December 31, 1988, had worked for at least 1 year, and had no obvious cardiopulmonary diseases; the cohort study began in July 2009 and covered a time span of 29 years (1981 - 2009). The personal information, occupational history, disease history, and health data of these miners were recorded, and the monitoring data on dust concentrations in the mine over the years were collected. The dose-response relationship between asbestos dust concentration and lung cancer incidence was established by the method of life table; a regression equation was fitted to predict the excess incidence rates of lung cancer under the conditions of different working years and dust concentrations.

RESULTSA significant dose-response relationship was observed between cumulative exposure (Ce) and cumulative probability (Px) of lung cancer incidence, and the smokers hada higher Px than nonsmokers. When Ce was less than 2000 mg/m(3)·each year, Px reached 6.58/10000; when Ce was not less than 2000 mg/m(3)·and less than 3000 mg/m(3)·each year, Px reached 91.72/10000; when Ce was more than 5000 mg/m(3)·each year, Px was as high as 141.02/10000. The three models were fitted to obtain the optimal regression equation: Px = -0.0004Ce(2) + 0.0052Ce - 0.0011 (r(2) = 0.9387). In the workshop of asbestos mine in this study, the average dust concentration was 85 times higher than the limit in 2009, so the excess incidence rate of lung cancer was 112.598/10000 if the miners worked under this condition for 40 years, according to the equation.

CONCLUSIONThere is a significant dose-response relationship between cumulative asbestos exposure and lung cancer incidence in chrysotile asbestos miners. The risk for lung cancer rises as asbestos exposure increases.

Asbestos, Serpentine ; toxicity ; Dust ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; etiology ; Male ; Mining ; Occupational Exposure ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo establish the scale of the norm of occupational stress on the professionals and put it into practice.

METHODST scores were linear transformations of raw scores, derived to have a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. The scale standard of the norm was formulated in line with the principle of normal distribution.

RESULTS(1) For the occupational role questionnaire (ORQ) and personal strain questionnaire (PSQ) scales, high scores suggested significant levels of occupational stress and psychological strain, respectively. T scores >/= 70 indicated a strong probability of maladaptive stress, debilitating strain, or both. T scores in 60 approximately 69 suggested mild levels of maladaptive stress and strain, and in 40 approximately 59 were within one standard deviation of the mean and should be interpreted as being within normal range. T scores < 40 indicated a relative absence of occupational stress or psychological strain. For the personal resources questionnaire (PRQ) scales, high scores indicated highly developed coping resources. T scores < 30 indicated a significant lack of coping resources. T scores in 30 approximately 39 suggested mild deficits in coping skills, and in 40 approximately 59 indicated average coping resources, where as higher scores (i.e., >/= 60) indicated increasingly strong coping resources. (2) This study provided raw score to T-score conversion tables for each OSI-R scale for the total normative sample as well as for gender, and several occupational groups, including professional engineer, professional health care, economic business, financial business, law, education and news. OSI-R profile forms for total normative samples, gender and occupation were also offered according to the conversion tables.

CONCLUSIONThe norm of occupational stress can be used as screening tool, organizational/occupational assessment, guide to occupational choice and intervention measures.

China ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Occupations ; Reference Values ; Stress, Psychological ; psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; standards ; utilization

OBJECTIVETo establish the norm of occupational stress on the professionals in Chengdu and Chongqing area.

METHODSAccording to the "Occupation Sorting Canon in the People's Republic of China", the professionals of the above-mentioned area were sorted out and randomly stratified. The normative data were derived from a sample of 2 064 participants. The modified Occupation Stress Inventory Revised Edition (OSI-R) was used to test the targets' occupational stress level (including stressors, strain and coping resources).

RESULTS(1) In these professionals, the sex ratio was about 1:1, average age (36.4 +/- 9.4) years, average length of service (15.9 +/- 10.0) years, 63.07% people were college educated and over 80% married. (2) Descriptive statistics for OSI-R scale scores for the total normative sample, for gender samples and for occupational group samples were modulated. (3) The gender norm showed that there were heavier role overload and stronger occupational strains in males than those in females (P < 0.01). The score of personal resources in the males was not different from that in females (P > 0.05). (4) In terms of different occupations, the scores of occupational role and personal strain among various groups indicated significant differences (P < 0.01). The score of personal resources did not manifest difference (P > 0.05). (5) The major factors influencing OSI-R were sex, occupation and length of service.

CONCLUSIONThe norm established can basically represent the occupational stress on professionals in Chengdu and Chongqing area.

Adult ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupations ; Research Personnel ; psychology ; Stress, Psychological ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo probe the cause for triggering HBV reactivation and possible management of the chronic hepatitis B individuals received imatinib.

METHODSThis study presented two cases of transient hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation and hepatic dysfunction during oral imatinib for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and made a literatures review about the pathogenesis, possible prophylactic and therapeutic management of such chronic hepatitis B individuals receiving imatinib.

RESULTSTwo CML patients, without prior liver dysfunction but with chronic HBV infection, suffered from transient HBV reactivation occurred during oral imatinib. Both of them finally obtained good outcome following the additional oral nucleotide antiviral therapy.

CONCLUSIONIt remained unclear whether imatinib induced the reactivation of HBV in patients with a latent HBV infection. From our study, all candidates receiving oral imatinib should be screened for HBsAg and anti-HBc antibodies prior to initiation of imatinib. Prophylactic antiviral therapy should be offered to HBV-infected individuals along with a close monitoring for signs of reactivation.

Adult ; Benzamides ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B ; virology ; Hepatitis B virus ; drug effects ; physiology ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; drug therapy ; virology ; Male ; Piperazines ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Pyrimidines ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Virus Activation ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo assess the occupational stress and its influential factors in nurses.

METHODSA test of occupational stress, its influential factors, work ability were carried out for 248 nurses and 319 controls with revised occupational stress inventory (OSI-R) and work ability index (WAI).

RESULTSThe scores of personal cope resource (131.266 +/- 17.176) and work ability index (32.581 +/- 3.158) in nurse group were significantly higher than those in control group (126.931 +/- 19.108, 31.840 +/- 4.069) (P < 0.05). The main occupational stressors scores (role insufficiency, role clash, and responsibility) in nurses were higher than those in controls (P < 0.05). The stress response of interpersonal relationship in nurses was also higher. The items of personal cope resource, such as recreation, self-care and social support of nurses were superior to those of controls (P < 0.05). Stress response was positively correlated with occupational role (r = 0.512, P < 0.01), and negatively correlated with the personal cope resource (r = -0.475, P < 0.01). The primary influential factors of personal stress were recreation, social support, rational conduct, role insufficiency, role clash, responsibility, and poor work environment.

CONCLUSIONTo strengthen social support, to improve work condition for nurses, so as to reduce the occupational stress and to enhance the work ability of nurses are important task in occupational health field.

Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nurses ; psychology ; Occupational Health ; statistics & numerical data ; Risk Factors ; Social Support ; Stress, Psychological ; prevention & control ; psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Workload ; psychology