OBJECTIVE To investigate the hearing level of deafmute children in three deafmute schools in Nanning,Liuzhou and Guilin cities and reveal the importance of early diagnosis and intervention.METHODS The pure tone hearing thresholds of 0.5,1,2,4 kHz of 357 deafmute children in three deafmute schools were recorded. The disability grade was evaluated according to the average threshold of 4 frequencies.RESULTS A total of 410 students were in the three deafmute schools.There were 248 male and 162 female with an age ranged from 2 to 27 years(14.5 years). The number of hearing disability grade fromⅠtoⅣwere 232(65 %),64(18.0 %),48(13.5 %)and 10(2.6 %)respectively,and 3 children(0.9 %)could not graded the hearing disability.Sixty one children (17.0 %)with light or moderate hearing loss missed their optimal opportunity of hearing and speech rehabilitation.CONCLUSION The results reveal the importance of early diagnosis and intervention of hearing loss.

Objective To investigate and to analyze the extend,structure,regional distribution,and causes of the hearing disability in Guangxi,from the information gathered from the second national sample survey among the disabled;to evaluate the present situation of hearing disability among Guangxi residents;and to provide basis for setting up effective preventing and intervening program for the hearing disabled.Methods The sampling methods was used to carry out a selective examination among 200 sample areas,including 25 counties and 100 villages.There were about 400 residents in each area,22 569 families,80 712 people involved in the survey with the sampling rate of 1.730%.The standard time began at 0 o'clock,April 1st,2006.Results Among the 5 837 disabled,1 467 were hearing disabled,accouting for 25.13% of the total.70 were grade 1 hearing diability(4.770% of the total number of the disabled);127 were of grade 2 hearing diability (8.660% of the total number of the disabled);689 grade 3 hearing diability (46.98% of the total number of the disabled);581 grade 4 hearing diability(39.600% of the total number of the disabled).The distribution of primary causes indecated that 911 were age related hearing loss,accounting for 62.10%;155 had unknown cause,accounting for 10.570%;158 ontological disease,accounting for 10.770%;111 systemic disease,accounting for 7.57%;132 had other reasons,accounting for 8.99%.Among all,821 were male (560%),646 were female (440%).The gender ratio was 1.27:1.910 were rural residents (620%),557 urban residents (38%).The age distribution was:3 under six (0.20%),10 from 7 to 17 (0.68%),215 from 18 to 59 (14.66%),1 239 over 60 (84.46 %).Conclusion Hearing disability is of the highest incidence among all kinds of disability in Guangxi.Most of the hearing impaired are associated with age and ear disease.Therefore prevention,education and treatment can help reduce the incidence of hearing disability.

Objective:To explore a scientific,complicated sampling method and corresponding formulas for sensitive question survey.Methods:Cochran W.G.'s classic sampling theories,two randomized response technique(RRT) models,total probability formulas,and properties of mean and variance were used in this study.Results:Formulas for the estimation of the population proportion and its variance for dichotomous sensitive questions on Greenberg model in cluster sampling and stratified cluster sampling were deduced.Formulas for the estimation of the population mean and its variance for quantitative sensitive question on the additive constant model in cluster sampling and stratified cluster sampling were deduced.Our survey methods and formulas were successfully applied in surveying the pre-marriage sex and cheating in examination in Soochow University.Conclusion:Our survey methods and formulas on two RRT models for sensitive question survey in cluster sampling and stratified cluster sampling have high reliablility.

Objective To explore whether gap junction disturbances are involved in the pathogenesis of levodopa-induced dyskinesia ( LID ). Methods The hemi-parkinsonian ( PD ) rat was treated intraperitoneally with L-dopa methylester (20 mg/kg) and benserazid (10 mg/kg) for 21 days and abnormal involuntary movement was evaluated to establish LID rat model. The experimental animals were divided into three groups: LID group, PD group and normal control group, respectively. The behavior responses of intraperitoneal injection of different doses of carbenoxolon and intracerebroventricular injection of quinine were observed to estimate the effects of gap junctional blockade on the abnormal involuntary movement ( AIM ) in the rat model of LID. Double immunofluorescence labeling was used to analyze the expression of connexin 36 ( Cx36 ) in enkephalin positive medium spiny neurons and parvalbumin ( PV ) positive interneurons in the striatum. Western blottings was used to observe the expression of Cx36 in the striatum and moter cortex. Results Behavioral characteristics indicated that high dose of carbenoxolone ( >60 mg/kg) intraperitoneal injection and intracerebroventricular injection of quinine ( 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 μmol/L, > 2.5 μmol/L ) could decrease the AIM score of LID rats. Western blotting indicated that expression of Cx36 in lesioned striatum and motor cortex of LID rat model was 219.56% ±18.12% and 226.03% ±16.33%, respectively, which induced a significant upregulation in comparison with the normal control group (104.05% ±3.82%, t=15.389, P<0.01;105.27% ±2.82%,t=8.074, P<0.01) and untreated PD group (119.31% ±8.92%, t=13.356, P<0.01; 138.20% ±17.88%, t=5.872, P<0.01). Double immunofluorescence labeling staining revealed that Cx36 expression was increased in Enk-positive striatum neurons in LID model ( 57.59% ±5.36%) compared with that in normal control group (32.67% ±4.22%) and PD group (37.24% ±0.86%, F=78.060, P<0.01). The expression of Cx36 in PV-positive interneurons was also elevated in LID group (68.49% ±11.60%) in comparison with normal control group ( 40.43% ± 2.30%) and PD group ( 31.92% ± 5.68%, F = 39.567, P < 0.01 ).Conclusions The Cx36 expression is generally increased in lesioned striatum and motor cortex of LID rat model. In the striatum, the up-regulation of Cx36 is specifically observed in Enk-positive striatum neurons and in PV-positive interneurons. The dyskinesia behavior of LID rats can be significantly reduced by treatment with gap junction blockade. All these results suggest that gap junction dysfunction may play an important role in the pathogenesis of LID.

To study in vitro anti-influenza viral activities of Chinese traditional patent medicines for influenza prevention and treatment, neuraminidase (NA) activity assay was used to examine NA inhibitory activity of 33 Chinese traditional patent medicines through fluorimetric assay, and influenza virus induced cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay was used to verify their anti-influenza viral activities in vitro. The assay results showed that most liquid preparations displayed relatively high NA inhibitory activities, such as Shuanghuanglian oral liquid, Qingkailing oral liquid, Qingre Jiedu oral liquid, and Reduning injection. Among liquid preparations, Shuanghuanglian oral liquid not only displayed the highest NA inhibitory effect, but also exhibited obvious in vitro anti-viral activity in CPE experiment. Among solid preparations, Shuanghuanglian powder for injection showed the highest activity on NA inhibition, and Fufang Yuxingcao tablet showed relatively strong anti-influenza viral activity in CPE cells. From the results, it can be concluded that most Chinese traditional patent medicines possessed NA inhibitory activity, but only a few of them displayed significant in vitro anti-influenza viral activities. These results will provide important information for the isolation of active constituents, and for the clinical uses of Chinese traditional patent medicines for influenza treatment and prevention.

AIM: To investigate the effect of rosiglitazone , a peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ(PPARγ) agonist, on the expression of PPARγ, the activation of NF-κB and intestine injury in the rats undergoing ortho-topic autologous liver transplantation ( OALT ) .METHODS: Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group, sham group, OALT group and rosiglitazone (0.3 mg/kg, iv) pretreatment (ROS+OALT) group. The OALT model was established , and the intestinal tissues were collected 8 h after the liver reperfusion .The intestinal tis-sue sections were stained to visualize the damage .The expression of PPARγand NF-κB in the tissues, the concentrations of diamine oxidase (DAO) and fatty acid-binding protein 2 (FABP2) in the serum and the concentration of TNF-αand IL-6 in the tissues were measured .RESULTS:Compared with sham group , the intestinal mucosa of the rats showed obvious pathological injury after liver reperfusion in OALT group and ROS group , the Chiu’s scores of intestinal mucosa was signifi-cantly higher , and the serum concentrations of DAO and FABP 2 increased ( P<0.05 ) .After rosiglitazone pretreatment , the injury of intestinal mucosa of the rats was alleviated , the Chiu’s scores was lower and the serum concentrations of DAO and FABP2 decreased (P<0.05), the PPARγexpression was obviously up-regulated in the intestinal tissues, the nuclear translocation of NF-κB was reduced and the concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-αwere decreased .CONCLUSION: During perioperative period of OALT in rats , the inflammatory responses are obvious .Furthermore, obvious intestinal injury oc-curs .PPARγagonist rosiglitazone obviously up-regulates PPARγexpression and inhibits the inflammation in the intestines , thus protecting against intestinal injury in rats undergoing OALT .

To investigate formation mechanism of secologanic acid sulfonates in sulfur-fumigated buds of Lonicera japonica, secologanic acid was enriched and purified from the sun-dried buds of L. japonica by various column chromatography on macroporus resin HPD-100, silica gel and ODS. The stimulation experiments of sulfur-fumigation process were carried out using secologanic acid reacted with SO2 in the aqueous solution. The reaction mechanism could be involved in the esterification or addition reaction. The present investigation provides substantial evidences for interpreting formation pathway of secologanic acid sulfonates in sulfur-fumigated buds of L. japonica.
Alkanesulfonates ; chemistry ; Carboxylic Acids ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Flowers ; chemistry ; drug effects ; Lonicera ; chemistry ; drug effects ; Models, Chemical ; Molecular Structure ; Sulfur ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Sulfur Dioxide ; chemistry ; Water ; chemistry

The present paper aims to investigate the relation between characteristic parameters of transesophageal photoelectric pulse wave in descending aorta and ambulatory artery blood pressure. The chests of ten adult experimental dogs were performed to take the photoelectric pulse wave of descending aorta transesophageally. The concurrent femoral artery invasive blood pressure was recorded simultaneously. Stepwise regression analysis method was used to study the correlation efficient between characteristic parameters of descending aorta pulse wave (H, h, h/H, g/H, At, s, H(1 + ts/td), k)and invasive artery blood pressure. The characteristic parameters, k and h/H (ratio: 90% and 80%) was proved that they had good correlation with systolic pressure; and k, H and s (ratio: 90%, 80% and 70%), had good correlation with diastolic pressure; while k and H (ratio: 90% for both) had good correlation with mean pressure. The mean values of multiple correlation coefficients of the selected characteristic parameters of descending aorta pulse wave with systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and mean pressure of femoral artery were 0.871, 0.900 and 0.856, respectively. The characteristic parameters of descending aorta pulse wave had specific correlation with systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and mean pressure.
Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic ; physiology ; Blood Pressure ; physiology ; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory ; methods ; Dogs ; Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac ; methods ; Female ; Femoral Artery ; physiology ; Male ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; methods ; Regression Analysis

Seventy-three patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into atheroselerosis(AS) group and non-AS group according to the intima-media thickness(IMT)of the carotid artery.The plasma visfatin level in AS group was higher than that in non-As group[(44.95±10.14 vs 34.52±9.08)μg/L,P<0.05],and both of them were higher than that of the control [(24.46±7.18)μg/L,both P<0.05 ].The visfatin level Was positively correlated with IMT,waist-to-hip ratio,visceral fat thickness,fasting insulin,and HOMA insulin resistance index.Age,duration of diabetes,HbA_(1C),and visfatin level were the major risk factors for IMT of the carotid artery.

As a part of the project for the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition), the quality standard of Sophora flavescens root extract was investigated and established. According to the methods described in the Appendix of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition), the water and ash inspections were carried out. The marker components trifolirhizin, sophoraflavanone G, oxymatrine and oxysophocarpine in the samples were identified by qualitative TLC. The determination of oxymatrine, matrine, oxysophocarpine and sophocarpine was conducted by HPLC and the total flavonoids were measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, using sophoraflavanone G as reference substance. The results indicated the spots on the plate were clear with good resolution and the contents of oxymatrine, matrine, oxysophocarpine and sophocarpine in the 13 batches of the samples were 3.87% - 11.1%, 0.970% - 4.33%, 1.30% - 2.59% and 0.260% - 1.14%, respectively. The total flavoids in the 13 batches of the samples were 3.88% - 7.93%. In the study, the validated methods were reproducible and the established quality standard was feasible, which could be used for the quality control of S. flavescens root extract and related preparations.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Sophora ; chemistry