Objective To establish serum NGAL reference range of healthy populations in Xi'an Area.Methods 2 665 cases (aged 6 to 95 years old,male 1 370,female 1 295) of health-check people were collected from March 2014 to October 2016 in Medical Examination Center of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital,and 682 cases (aged 0 to 6 years old,male 356,female 326) were collected from preschool children of prevention.Serum NGAL concentration of them were analysed by immunoturbidimetry method with the Automatic Biochemical Analysis Assembly Line of Beckman-AU5800,and the detection data for statistical analysis.Then established the reference range of serum NGAL population of different age and different sex in Xi'an.Results The serum NGAL levels in healthy subjects showed a skewed distribution,which were preschool children under 6 years of age 37.66±23.12 ng/ml,6～15 years 39.25±25.34 ng/ml,16～49 years 46.68±27.06 ng/ml,and 50～ 69 years 57.82±29.13 ng/ml.Compared the first two with the latter,there was a significant difference (t=0.589,P＜ 0.05).The serum NGAL levels of over 70 years were 61.87 ± 32.64 ng/ml,and there was a significant difference between the ages of 15 and 49 and over 70 years (t=8.529,P＜0.01).At the same time,the serum NGAL was closely correlated with age (r=0.298,P＜0.01).But there was no significant difference in serum NGAL level between male and female (t=0.263～0.542,all P＞0.05).87ng/ml was the upper limit of the reference value for the age of 50 years.Conclusion The level of serum NGAL was related to age and increased with age,but not with gender.

OBJECTIVETo study the optimum technology of extracting bioactive component named geniposidic acid in Eucommia Ulmiodes by orthogonal test.

METHODAn orthogonal test table L16(4(5)) was used with the factors of extracting time, temperature, times, ethanol consistency and the ratio of solid to liquid. The content of geniposideic acid was determined by RP-HPLC.

RESULTThe optimum technology was: temperature 50 degrees C, time 1 h, once, consistency 80%, and the ratio of solid and liquid 1:12. Under the condition, the best material of Eucommia Ulmiodes for extracting geniposidic acid was chosen.

CONCLUSIONThe technology can provide some theoretic advice for industry.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Ethanol ; Eucommiaceae ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Iridoid Glucosides ; Iridoids ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Plant Bark ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Temperature ; Time

OBJECTIVETo investigate the inhibitory effect of artesunate on human endometrial carcinoma RL95-2 cell line proliferation in vitro and the possible mechanisms.

METHODSThe inhibitory effect of artesunate on the cell proliferation was assessed with MTT assay. Transmission electron miscrosopy was used to observe the morphological change of the cells after the treatment. Flow cytometry was performed to examine the changes in the cell cycle, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels (with DCFH-DA labeling) and mitochondrial membrane potential (rhodamine123 staining), and caspase-3 activity was detected by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSArtesunate inhibited the proliferation of RL95-2 cells with an IC(50) of 26.29 microg/ml. Transmission electron microscopy revealed early apoptotic changes of the cells with obvious chromatin fragmentation. The cell cycle arrest at G(0)/G(1) phase was observed by flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry demonstrated caspase-3 positivity in cytoplasm. ROS generation in the cells increased obviously after treatment with artesunate for 72 h, which also resulted in lowered mitochondrial membrane potential.

CONCLUSIONArtesunate suppressed the proliferation of RL95-2 cells in vitro possibly by inducing cell apoptosis.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Artemisinins ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; pathology ; Female ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic effect of Yishen Qingre Huashi Recipe (YQHR) in treating proteinuria of chronic glomerular disease patients with Pi-Shen deficiency complicated damp-heat syndrome (PSDCDHS).

METHODSTotally 121 stage 1 -2 primary chronic glomerular disease patients with PSDCDHS were randomly assigned to the treated group (85 cases) and the control group (36 cases) according to 2:1. All patients received conventional and symptomatic treatment. Patients in the treated group took YQHR additionally, while those in the control group took Losartan Potassium Tablet (50 mg each time, once per day) additionally. The therapeutic course for all was 6 months. Changes of 24 h urine protein, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine(SCr), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were observed at different time points. And the difference in therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSCompared with the control group after 6 months of treatment, 24 h urine protein obviously decreased in the treated group (P <0. 05). There was no statistical difference in SCr, BUN, or eGFR between the two groups after 6 months of treatment (P >0. 05). The total effective rate after 2, 4, and 6 months of treatment in the treated group was 77. 6% (66/85 cases), 82. 4% (70/85 cases), and 89. 4% (76/85 cases), respectively. They were 47. 2% (17/36 cases), 55. 6% (20/36 cases), and 61. 1% (22/36 cases) in the control group, respectively. Compared with before treatment in the treated group, the total effective effect after 6 months of treatment was higher than that after 2 months of treatment (χ2=4. 28, P <0. 01). Compared with the control group at the same time points, the total effective rate in the treated group after 2, 4, and 6 months of treatment was higher (χ2=10. 87, 9. 53, 13.16, P <0. 01).

CONCLUSIONYQHR could significantly lower proteinuria in chronic glomerular disease patients with PSDCDHS, improve the clinical effect, thereby providing clinical evidence for treating chronic glomerular disease proteinuria from resolving dampness and clearing heat.

Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; complications ; therapy ; Kidney Glomerulus ; pathology ; Losartan ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy ; Proteinuria ; etiology ; therapy ; Syndrome ; Tablets

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of different dietary fatty acid on the expression of nuclear receptor genes in the breast cancer of rats.

METHODSFifty-day-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on eight different diets containing following fatty acids: saturated fatty acid (SFA); monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA); n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA); n-3 PUFA; 1:1 n-6/n-3; 5:1 n-6/n-3; 10:1 n-6/n-3; 1:2:1 S/M/P (n-6/n-3 at 1:1). The rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of methyl-nitrosourea (MNU) at 50 mg/kg body weight to establish the rat model of mammary carcinogenesis, the ultrastructure changes of mammary gland cells in rats were observed by transmission electron microscope, the cell proliferation activity was detected by BrdU-labeled immunocytochemistry, and the expression of PPARbeta and PPARgamma mRNA were assayed by RT-PCR.

RESULTSThere was no breast cancer occurring in control groups and the MNU-treated n-3 PUFA group, and the ultrastructure and proliferation activity of mammary gland cells in these groups were normal. In contrast, there appeared obvious marker of adenocarcinomas in mammary gland cells of MNU-induced breast cancer, and a high cell proliferation activity was found in tumor growth-enhancing groups (SFA, MUFA, n-6 PUFA, 5:1 n-6/n-3, 10:1 n-6/n-3 and S/M/P, 21% - 22% of BrdU-labeled cells), while a low cell proliferation activity was detected in rats fed with 1:1 n-6/n-3 diet (13% of BrdU-labeled cells, P < 0.05). Moreover, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), as important nuclear receptor genes of relating lipid metabolism, the expressions of PPARbeta and PPARgamma mRNA were significantly up-regulated in mammary adipose tissues of MNU-induced breast cancer as compared with the control groups, but the expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in rats fed with 1:1 n-6/n-3 group were lowest (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe different dietary fatty acid compositions should diversely adjust the expression of PPARs gene in rats, which maybe have an important role in affecting incidence of breast cancer.

Animals ; Fatty Acids ; pharmacology ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; pharmacology ; Fatty Acids, Omega-6 ; pharmacology ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; pharmacology ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental ; genetics ; PPAR gamma ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective·To explore the difference between multi-artery-graft off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) and single-artery-graft OPCABG on left main coronary artery or multivessel disease with propensity score matching. Methods·A total of 1578 patients with left main coronary artery or multivessel disease underwent isolated OPCABG were selected in Ruijin Hospital from January 2012 to September 2016. The propensity score methodology was used to obtain risk-adjusted outcome. Kaplan-Meier analysis was applied for estimation of freedom from major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) and readmission for heart disease. Independent predictor of MACCE were assessed by Cox regression analysis. Results·The average follow-up time was 28 months (7-55 months). There was no statistical difference in short-term clinical endpoints in hospital. In the follow-up results, multi-artery-graft OPCABG patients had statistical improvement in readmission for heart disease (2.7％ vs 12.7％, P=0.023), CCS class (1.2±0.4 vs 1.4±0.6, P=0.020) and patency rate of grafts in 1 year after operation (95.8％ vs 85.9％, P=0.025), compared with single-artery-graft OPCABG. There was no statistical difference in other endpoints. There was statistical improvement for multi-artery-graft OPCABG patients in freedom from readmission for heart disease (P=0.028). Female was an independent predictor of MACCE (95％ CI 0.117-0.906, P=0.032). Conclusion·Multi-artery-graft OPCABG appears to be safe and with good patency of grafts and clinical outcomes in treating left main coronary artery or multivessel disease. The follow up of female patients should be paid more attention.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of rosiglitazone on atherosclerosis and potential mechanism in ApoE-knockout mice.

METHODSThirty-two 6-week-old ApoE-knockout mice were used as atherosclerosis model in two groups: rosiglitazone group (n = 18) and control group (n = 14). Each group contained equal numbers of male and female mice. All mice were fed with normal chow diet. In addition to normal diet, rosiglitazone group received rosiglitazone 17 mg/kg of body weight/day. Venous bloods were collected for plasma glucose and lipid analysis, and aorta were prepared for morphologic and immunohistochemical analysis after 14 weeks. Aortic root (1 cm) was cut and prepared for paraffin slice. The histomorphometric analysis of atherosclerotic lesion was performed by means of HE; positive percentage of macrophage cell and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were measured by means of immunohistochemistry in cross section. The ratio of lesion/aortic wall surface in the rest aorta was measured by means of Sudan IV staining in longitudinal section.

RESULTSThe amount of fatty streak in rosiglitazone group was significantly greater than that of control group; the gross number of lesions and the number of fibrous plaque and atheromatous plaque were similar in two groups. There were no differences in percentage of lesions in cross section in two groups. Rosiglitazone could significantly reduce the extend of atherosclerosis of longitudinal section, decrease the amount of macrophage cell and the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in lesions. The plasma glucose was normal and similar in two groups, and total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly higher in rosiglitazone group.

CONCLUSIONRosiglitazone suppresses the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, reduces the number of macrophage cell in lesion, and inhibits the development of atherosclerosis.

Animals ; Aorta ; pathology ; Apolipoproteins E ; genetics ; physiology ; Atherosclerosis ; blood ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Female ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Macrophages ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Thiazolidinediones ; therapeutic use ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; biosynthesis

OBJECTIVETo address the features of the fungal infection after burn injury in clinic.

METHODSThree thousand nine hundred and nine burn patients admitted to our institute from Jan. 2003 to Dec. 2006 were involved in this study. Two thousand two hundred and seventy-one samples were harvested for fungal detection by culture from 467 patients suspected to be infected by fungi based on their clinic manifestations. The collected samples included wound tissue, blood, urine, stool, sputum, catheters and others. The antibiotic sensitivity of the identified fungi were determined by routine method. When same kind of fungus was found from different samples taken from one patient, it was recorded as one positive sample. The samples were ranked in an ascending order as wound secretion, stool, urine, sputum and bronchial alveolar lavage fluid, arteriovenous catheter or urinary catheter, blood. Only the positive sample of the highest rank source was recorded as the positive strain of fungus from this particular patient.

RESULTSIt was found 61 fungal positive samples from the 2271 samples collected. Out of 467 patients, 38 strains of fungi were detected from 36 burn patients during the investigated period, the incidence was 0.92% (36/3909). The most three commonest types among the identified 38 strains of fungi were Candida tropicalis (42.1%), Candida albicans (31.6%) and Candida famata (T. Famata, 10.5%). The drug sensitivity tests demonstrated that most of the strains detected in this investigation, with the exception of candida glabrata, were sensitive to most of the routine antimycotics agents such as Amphotericin B, Fluconazole, and Itraconazole etc. Among the 36 fungus positive patients, in 18 patients the burn area exceeded 80% TBSA, 12 patients with 50%-79% TBSA, 4 patients with 30%-49% TBSA, and in 2 patients the burn area was smaller than 30% TBSA. It was found most of the fungal infections (77.78%) occurred 2 weeks after burn injury, and 8 of the 36 fungus-infected patients died (the mortality was 22.22%). Conclusions Further examinations are necessary to confirm the diagnosis in burn patients suspected to have fungal infection. Once fungal infections are confirmed, antimycotic therapy must be started immediately.

Burns ; microbiology ; Candida ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Incidence ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Mycoses ; drug therapy ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the application of the Third Military Medical University (TMMU) formula for fluid resuscitation on the major burn patients during shock stage.

METHODSSeventy-one thermal injury patients (burn area more than 30% TBSA, without especial illness, hospitalization within 8 hour after burn) admitted from 2005 to 2007 were divided into adult group (n = 46), child group (n = 25). Fluid resuscitation was initiated as per the TMMU formula.

RESULTSAll patients survived the first 48 hours post burn injury and none developed recognized complications associated with fluid resuscitation. The average infused fluid was 16% approximately 38% more than the calculated in both adult and child groups. The average urine output during the first 24 hours post burn injury was 1.1 approximately 1.2 mL x kg(-1) x h(-1) in the two groups, but reached 1.2 mL and 1.7 mL x kg(-1) x h(-1) during the second 24 hours in adult and child groups respectively.

CONCLUSIONTMMU formula for fluid resuscitation is a feasible option for major burn patients. Individual fluid resuscitation, guided by the physiological response, is also important and necessary.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Burns ; therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fluid Therapy ; methods ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Shock ; therapy ; Young Adult