Objective To discuss the application of Chinese version of Speech intelligibility rating (SIR) in e-valuating the speech intelligibility of Chinese children with hearing disorder ,and analyze its scorer reliability .Meth-ods 50 children with cochlear implants or hearing aids were interviewed using SRI Chinese version .Each child was rated by a parent and a speech and language therapist .The reliability of scores was analyzed with Spearman correla-tion coefficient ,Kendall's coefficient of concordance and Kappa coefficient .Results The complete agreement was foud in 34 cases(68% ) ,with a disagreement of one category in 14 cases(28% ) ,and a disagreement of 2 categories was found in 2 cases (4% ) .Spearman correlation coefficient was 0 .885 ,Kendall's coefficient of concordance was 0 .801 ,Kappa coeffi-cient was 0 .593 ,the result was statistically significant (P<0 .001) .Conclusion SRI Chinese version has good reliability and is helpful in evaluating Chinese speech producing ability of children with hearing disorder in everyday life .

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine risk factors for pathological gambling of horse race participants. METHODS: The participants, 508 horse race gamblers, completed the DSM-IV criteria of pathological gambling, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-K) and Symptom Checklist-47-Revision (SCL-47-R). Data were analyzed using t-test, chi2-test, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression analyses. Behaviors related to horse racing, alcohol abuse, and mental health were analyzed between problem or pathological gamblers compared to recreational gamblers. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of recreational, problem, and pathological gambling were 36.6%, 39.4%, and 24.0%, respectively. Frequency of gambling (> or =4/day), frequency of racetrack visiting (> or =3/month), accompaniment (alone), and mental health (SCL-47-R scores) were all associated with increased risks of problem and pathological gambling. Expenditure on betting (> or =200,000 won/day) and alcohol abuse (AUDIT-K 8-20 scores) group members had higher levels of gambling pathology than recreational gamblers. CONCLUSION: Problem and pathological gambling are highly associated with alcohol abuse and mental health disorders, suggesting that clinicians should carefully evaluate this population.
Adult ; Alcoholism ; Female ; Gambling/*psychology ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Mental Health ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors

After aseptic or septic meningitis, some neurologic complications such as convulsions, delirium, rigidity, cerebral infarctions and cerebral hemorrhage can be developed. The cerebral infarction after meningitis is caused by arterial or venous occlusions. Involvement of small perforating arteries leads to ganglionic infarcts while severe sapsm of major vessels may lead to massive infarctions in the distribution of middle and/or anterior cerebral arteries. Cortical venous and/or dural thrombosis (especially in the superior sagittal sinus) produces typical features, including multiple areas of white matter hemorrhagic infarction. These neurologic complications are common in bacterial meningitis and very rare in aseptic meningitis. We experienced a case of cerebral infarction in MCA/ACA territory and subdural hemorrhage in occipital lobe after aseptic meningitis in 10 month-old-boy. We report a case with a brief review of related literature.
Anterior Cerebral Artery ; Arteries ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Delirium ; Ganglion Cysts ; Hematoma, Subdural* ; Infarction ; Meningitis ; Meningitis, Aseptic* ; Meningitis, Bacterial ; Occipital Lobe ; Seizures ; Thrombosis

No abstract available.
Calcinosis*

Antibiotics were reported to be able to alter bacterial surface properties in subinhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs). The effects of sub-MICs of certain antibiotics on a bacterial surface property such as hemagglutination, as well as on the cell morphology were studied using Streptococcus gordonii and Staphylococcus aureus. The effect of sub-M1Cs of antibiotics on the binding of these bacteria to immobilized fibrinogen were also investigated. The MICs of antibiotics were determined by culturing S. gordonii and S. aureus in media supplemented with serially diluted drug solutions, and one-half the MIC was used as the sub-MIC of the drugs, unless stated otherwise. Sub-MICs of antibiotics did not affect bacterial agglutination of erythrocytes. Microscopic observation of S. gordonii grown at sub-MIC concentration of 0.02 ug/ml of amoxicillin revealed cell enlargement of 1.6 times those grown without the drug. When grown in the sub-MIC amount of 0.08 ug/ml of cefazolin, most S. gordonii cells were enlarged and elongated into rod-shape, resulting in 3 times the size of the cells grown without the antibiotic. The data from the fibrinogen-binding experiments showed that the binding of S. gordonii to immobilized fibrinogen was increased with all the B-lactam drugs tested; the binding of S. aureus to immobilized fibrinogen, on the other hand, was decreased with the same drugs. The results show that low concentrations of certain B-lactam antibiotics are able to cause alterations in cellular morphology of S. gordonii and affect the binding of S. gordonii and S. aureus to immobilized fibrinogen.
Agglutination ; Amoxicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents* ; Bacteria ; Cefazolin ; Cell Enlargement ; Erythrocytes ; Fibrinogen ; Hand ; Hemagglutination ; Staphylococcus aureus* ; Staphylococcus* ; Streptococcus gordonii* ; Streptococcus* ; Surface Properties*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the association among change in the sensation of the arms, the range of motion in the shoulders and depression in breast cancer patients. METHOD: This is a descriptive study on correlation. The participants were 132 patients who had been diagnosed with breast cancer and had mastectomy at a university hospital, and had participated in a breast cancer self-help group. The degree of depression was assessed by SCL-90-R scores. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS 12.0 for Windows. RESULTS: The participants complained of 'heaviness' as the most frequent and serious symptom of change in the sensation of the arms. 'Completely zip up the dress with a back-fastening zipper' was the most difficult motion of the shoulders. Participants who were in a worse stage of disease were in a worse condition in shoulder functions, and on a higher degree of depression. The degree of change in sensation and shoulder functions showed a positive correlation with each other, and both of them showed a negative correlation with the degree of depression. CONCLUSION: Sensation and motion change in the arms and the shoulders were common phenomena that affected depression in patients who had mastectomy. Nurses should consider not only depression but also discomfort of the arms and the shoulders for patients with mastectomy.
Arm* ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Depression* ; Humans ; Mastectomy ; Range of Motion, Articular* ; Self-Help Groups ; Sensation* ; Shoulder*

Lung parenchyma is a common organ for metastases of extrathoracic tumors, but endobronchial metastasis is very rare. In this report, we present a case of endobronchial metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and this was managed by performing operative resection. A 63-year-old man presented with frequent dry cough; he had previously undergone left nephrectomy and postoperative chemotherapy for grade 2 RCC eight years ago. Computed tomography and bronchoscopy showed an endobronchial tumor from the left lower lobe bronchus to the second carina, and this mass was diagnosed as a necrotic tissue with chronic inflammation at biopsy. During the operation, the mass was revealed to be a metastatic renal cell carcinoma on the frozen section diagnosis and there was no mucosal invasion on the resection margin of the left lower lobe bronchus. We performed lobectomy of the left lower lobe with systemic dissection of the mediastinal lymph nodes. The final histopathologic diagnosis of the endobrochial mass was metastatic RCC and any mediastinal lymph node metastasis was not found. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 10 without any postoperative complications.
Biopsy ; Bronchi ; Bronchoscopy ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Frozen Sections ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lymph Nodes ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nephrectomy ; Postoperative Complications

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of the implant master cast according to the type (pick-up, transfer) and the length (long, short) of the impression copings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The metal master cast was fabricated with three internal connection type implant analogs (Osstem GS III analog), embedded parallel and with 10degrees of mesial angulation to the center analog. Four types of impression coping were prepared with different combinations of types (transfer, pick-up) and lengths (long, short) of the coping. The impressions were made using vinyl polysiloxane (one step, heavy + light body) with an individual tray, and 10 impressions were made for each group. Eventually, 40 experimental casts were produced. Then, the difference in the distance between the master cast and the experimental cast were measured, and the error rate was determined. The analysis of variance was performed using the SPSS (v 12.0) program (alpha = .05), and the statistical significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS: The ANOVA showed that the pick-up type impression coping exhibited a significantly lower error rate than the transfer type. However, no significant difference was observed with respect to the length of the impression coping. Additionally, no significant difference was observed between the parallel and mesial angulated groups. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, the pick-up type impression coping exhibited a more accurate implant master cast than the transfer type in parallel group. The accuracy of the implant master cast did not differ for different lengths of impression coping of at least 11 mm. Additionally, the accuracy of the implant cast was not different for the parallel and 10degrees mesial angulated groups.
Light ; Polyvinyls ; Siloxanes

BACKGROUNDS/AIMS: Pancreaticoduodenctomy (PD) is associated with high rates of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Although many studies have shown that early postoperative enteral nutrition improves postoperative outcomes, limited clinical information is available on postoperative early oral feeding (EOF) after PD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical feasibility, safety, and nutritional effects of EOF after PD. METHODS: Clinical outcomes were investigated in 131 patients who underwent PD between 2003 and 2013, including 81 whose oral feeding was commenced within 48 hours (EOF group) and 50 whose oral feeding was commenced after resumption of bowel movements (traditional oral feeding [TOF] group). Postoperative complications, energy intake, and length of stay (LOS) were reviewed. RESULTS: Demographic factors were similar in the two groups. The EOF group had a significantly shorter LOS (25.9+/-8.5 days vs. 32.3+/-16.3 days; p=0.01) than the TOF group. The rates of anastomotic leak (1.2% vs. 16%, p=0.00) and reoperation (3.7% vs. 20%, p=0.01) were significantly lower in the EOF group. In the clinically acute phase from postoperative day 1 to day 5, the mean daily calorie intake (847.0 kcal vs. 745.6 kcal; p=0.04) and mean daily protein intake (42.2 g vs. 31.9 g; p=0.00) in the EOF group were significantly higher than that in the TOF group. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative EOF is a clinically safe, feasible, and effective method of nutritional support after PD.
Anastomotic Leak ; Demography ; Energy Intake ; Enteral Nutrition ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Mortality ; Nutritional Support ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy* ; Postoperative Complications ; Reoperation

PURPOSE: The staging of bladder carcinoma is a major determinant of operative management. CT of bladder carcinoma has been widely used to diagnose external extension (pT3b and over), but tumors confined to the bladder wall (from pT1 to pT3a) are poorly delineated. The authors describe CT findings of the superficial bladder carcinoma (below T1, stage A) in thin section CT with air insufflation technique (air insufflation-CT) to facilitate early detection and to aid correct staging of the superficial bladder carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The materials consisted of proved 24 cases (1'9 patients, single tumor: 16 patients, multiple tumors :3 patients) of stage A bladder carcinomas. Air insufflation-CT was performed by the infusion of approximately 200 mL of air into the bladder via a Foley catheter. After the routine pelvic CT, bladder tumors were re-scanned with 1.5 to 5 mm thickness and intervals. RESULTS: The superficial bladder carcinomas were detected as nodular(5 cases, 20.8%), papillary(15 cases, 62.5%), pyramidal(2 cases, 8.3%), and domed(2 cases, 8.3%) forms on air insufflation CT. These tumors were classified into three types according to the size of the tumoral neck:type I(pedundulated polypold tumor:4 cases, 16.6%), type II(polypid tumor with short neck :13 cases, 54.2%), and type Ill(sessile tumor :7 cases, 29. 2%). The mean size(tumoral width x height x base o, neck/stalk) of the tumors was 22 x 20 x 16mm. The average tumoral sizes according to each type of the superficial tumors were type 1:22 x 25 x 6mm, type 11:23 x 22 x 18mm, and type III :18 x 15 x 18mm. The mean width of the type I--II tumoral necks was 15mm. The mean length of the type I tumoral neck(pedicle) was 2.5mm. Papillary fronds of the tumors were seen in 10 cases(41.7%) of 24 superficial tumors. Outer margin of the involved bladder wall was smooth in all cases. CONCLUSION: Thin-sectin CT with air insufflation technique for bladder carcinoma was useful in tumoral demonstration, and characteristics of the superficial bladder carcinomas were small polypold tumors had a short neck mostly and smooth outer wall of the involved bladder wall.
Catheters ; Humans ; Insufflation* ; Neck ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*