Bestrophins have recently been proposed to comprise a new family of chloride channels.Homologous sequences have been found in animals,fungi and prokaryotes.Bestrophins are regulated by Ca2+,cell volume as well as auto-inhibitory domain and play important roles in olfactory transduction,fluid transport and cell proliferation.

Objective To study the effect of clarithromycin on the phar-macokinetics of bicalutamide in rabbits .Methods Six New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into control group and test group , with 3 rabbits in each group.The control group was given bicalutamide 50 mg by gavage.The test group was given bicalutamide 50 mg +cla-rithromycin 250 mg by gavage , and blood samples were collected at di-fferent time points.After 3 weeks, a crossover test was performed.Bi-calutamide plasma concentration was detected by HPLC .The pharmacoki-netic parameters of bicalutamide were calculated using DAS 2.0 softwareand statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 software.Results The AUC0-∞of the test and control groups were ( 217.57 ±60.74 ) and (175.39 ±16.64) mg· L-1· h, MRT0-∞were ( 65.76 ±4.81 ) and (62.82 ±3.09)h, t1/2were (53.14 ±9.02) and (48.67 ±5.51) h, Cmax were ( 3.47 ±1.14 ) and ( 2.85 ±0.34 ) mg · L-1, CL/F were (0.24 ±0.05)and (0.29 ±0.03)L· h-1.AUC0-∞, t1/2, and Cmaxwere not statistically different (all P>0.05).MRT0-∞and CL/F were statistically significant (all P<0.05).Conclusion Clarithromycin reduces the clearance rate of bicalutamide in rabbits and prolongs the average residence time.

A model for screening the yeast which can ferment xylose to produce the ethanol was constructed.An ethanol yeast was obtained using the lignocellulose as substrate production the ethanol.By malt extract medium pre-culturing,soil samples use the plate with xylose as sole carbon source as the primary screening,then finally screen by the potassium dichromate color-displaying method.A strain named Y2-3 was screened from the soil.Phenotypic analysis including morphology and physiology and biochemical characteristics and 26D1/D2 sequence analysis were carried out.Based on taxonomy results,the Y2-3 was identified as Pichia caribbica.The strain Y2-3 ferments using xylose as sole carbon source: biomass 23.5 g/L,xylose utilization rate 94.7 %,ethanol final yield 4.57 g/L;using mixture sugar:biomass 28.6 g/L,xylose utilization rate 94.2 %,glucose utilization rate 95.6%,ethanol final yield 20.6 g/L.Pichia caribbica is a yeast which can utilize xylose and mixture sugar as substrate.It established the foundation for further research fermentation of ethanol by yeast using lignocellulose.

Objective To compare two different methods to detect the differences of gene mutation rate, sensitivity, specificity and coincidence rate of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) so as to assess the clinical value of qRT-PCR method and its environmental-friendly technologyplatforms.One uses environmental fixative poly hydroxyl acrylic acid and green transparent liquid dewaxing Van-clear alone or in combination to replace the traditional fixative 4％ (volume fraction) neutral buffered formalin and the traditional transparent dewaxing liquid xylene in application of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).The other uses traditional reagents in direct sequencing.Methods We selected 91 cases of primary NSCLC specimens resected between May 2013 and March 2016 in Zhongshan Bo`ai Hospital and Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine.Five samples were taken from the same tumor lesion.We used a random number table to randomly divide these samples into Groups A, B , C, D, and E.Group A received direct sequencing method in detection of EGFR gene mutations.Besides, during the experiment, 4％ neutral buffered formalin was used for fixing, and xylene transparent dewaxing was used to make slices for DNA extraction dewaxing.Group B received qRT-PCR method to detect EGFR gene mutations.Meanwhile, during the experiment, 4％ neutral buffered formalin was used for fixing, and xylene transparent dewaxing was used to make slices for DNA extraction dewaxing.Group C received qRT-PCR method in detection of EGFR gene mutations.At the same time, during the experiment, polyhydroxy acrylic acid was used for fixing, and xylene transparent dewaxing was used to make slices for DNA extraction dewaxing.Group D received qRT-PCR method to detect EGFR gene mutations.In the meantime, 4％ neutral buffered formalin was used for fixing, Van-clear transparent dewaxing was used to make slices for DNA extraction dewaxing.Group E received qRT-PCR method in detection of EGFR gene mutations.In addition, during the experiment, polyhydroxy acrylic acid was used for fixing, and Van-clear transparent dewaxing was used to make slices for DNA extraction dewaxing.In addition, during the experiment, polyhydroxy acrylic acid was used for fixing, and Van-clear transparent dewaxing was used to make slices for DNA extraction dewaxing.The mutations of Exons 18, 19, 20, and 21 in EGFR genes were respectively determined in the five groups of NSCLC.Results ① Groups B, C, D, E and A did not significantly differ in the percentage of people with mutations or target site mutation rates of EGFR genes in NSCLC (P> 0.05).② The detection results of EGFR target site mutation in Groups B, C, D, E and A had good sensitivity, strong specificity, and high compliance rate.Conclusion The green transparent liquid dewaxing Van-clear alone or in combination to replace the traditional fixative 4％ neutral buffered formalin and the traditional transparent dewaxing liquid xylene in the application of qRT-PCR so as to detect EGFR gene mutations in NSCLC has good consistent results compared with the method that uses traditional reagents in direct sequencing.It has the significance and value in clinical application.

Influenza virus contains three integral membrane proteins: haemagglutinin, neuraminidase, and matrix protein (M1 and M2). Among them, M2 protein functions as an ion channel, important for virus uncoating in endosomes of virus-infected cells and essential for virus replication. In an effort to explore potential new functions of M2 in the virus life cycle, we used yeast two-hybrid system to search for M2-associated cellular proteins. One of the positive clones was identified as human Hsp40/Hdj1, a DnaJ/Hsp40 family protein. Here, we report that both BM2 (M2 of influenza B virus) and A/M2 (M2 of influenza A virus) interacted with Hsp40 in vitro and in vivo. The region of M2-Hsp40 interaction has been mapped to the CTD1 domain of Hsp40. Hsp40 has been reported to be a regulator of PKR signaling pathway by interacting with p58(IPK) that is a cellular inhibitor of PKR. PKR is a crucial component of the host defense response against virus infection. We therefore attempted to understand the relationship among M2, Hsp40 and p58(IPK) by further experimentation. The results demonstrated that both A/M2 and BM2 are able to bind to p58(IPK) in vitro and in vivo and enhance PKR autophosphorylation probably via forming a stable complex with Hsp40 and P58(IPK), and consequently induce cell death. These results suggest that influenza virus M2 protein is involved in p58(IPK) mediated PKR regulation during influenza virus infection, therefore affecting infected-cell life cycle and virus replication.
HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Orthomyxoviridae ; genetics ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; genetics ; Signal Transduction ; genetics ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques ; Viral Matrix Proteins ; metabolism ; Virus Replication ; genetics ; Virus Uncoating ; eIF-2 Kinase ; metabolism

Objective To evaluate the application of curved cutter stapler(Contour TM)in the anterior resection of rectal cancer.Methods The clinical data of 57 patients of rectal cancer， who received anterior resection with the curved cutter stapler during the period between November 2005 and August 2006，were analyzed retrospectively.Of the 51 cases who received double stapling technique anterior resection.Of the 6 patients who underwent Hartmann procedure.Results Among above 51patients，41 patients(80.4％)were uhralow anastomosis and no local recurrence occurred.Anastomotic leakage was found in 1 patient，anastomotic bleeding occurred in 3 patients and rectovaginal fistula in 2.In the 6 patients who received Hartmann's procedure，the average distance from cutting and closing line to anal verge was 2.8 cm.Conclusion The ContourTm curved cutter stapler is superior in the anus-preserving surgery of lower rectal cancer when compared with linear stapler.

Objective To evaluate the application of curved cutter stapler(Contour TM)in the anterior resection of rectal cancer.Methods The clinical data of 57 patients of rectal cancer， who received anterior resection with the curved cutter stapler during the period between November 2005 and August 2006，were analyzed retrospectively.Of the 51 cases who received double stapling technique anterior resection.Of the 6 patients who underwent Hartmann procedure.Results Among above 51patients，41 patients(80.4％)were uhralow anastomosis and no local recurrence occurred.Anastomotic leakage was found in 1 patient，anastomotic bleeding occurred in 3 patients and rectovaginal fistula in 2.In the 6 patients who received Hartmann's procedure，the average distance from cutting and closing line to anal verge was 2.8 cm.Conclusion The ContourTm curved cutter stapler is superior in the anus-preserving surgery of lower rectal cancer when compared with linear stapler.

OBJECTIVETo understand the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) among children under six years of age in Tibet, China.

METHODSTotally, 1 257 children under six years of age were selected from two cities, two farming counties, two semi-farming counties and two livestock farming counties with stratified cluster sampling to asses VAD status in Tibet. Family information, children's feeding and disease history in the previous two weeks were collected by questionnaire. Blood specimen was collected from each child and serum was separated for detection of vitamin A concentration with microfluorescent spectrophotometry.

RESULTSTotally, 1 257 children under six years of age were surveyed, with 635 boys, 622 girls, 862 aged over two years, and 98.5% of Tibet nationality. Six cases of night blindness and two cases of xerophthalmia were detected from them, with prevalence of clinical VAD of 0.96%. Eighteen of 1071 mothers with children under six years of age were found suffering from night blindness, accounting for 1.7%. Clinical cases of VAD both in children and mothers came from all four sampling strata. Average serum concentration of vitamin A and prevalence of subclinical VAD (serum vitamin A lower than or equal to 0.70 micromol/L) was 1.15 micromol/L and 5.4% and 1.12 micromol/L and 4.7% in cities and livestock farming counties, respectively, significantly higher than those in farming (1.04 micromol/L and 11.0%) and semi-farming counties (1.05 micromol/L and 12.3%), respectively, as compared to average levels of 1.09 micromol/L and 8.4% in the autonomous region as a whole. Prevalence of subclinical VAD in children under six months and those aged six to eleven months were 22.2% and 13.3%, respectively, significantly higher than those in children aged one year (8.5%), two to three years (5.4%) and four to five years (7.9%), respectively. There was also significant difference in serum level of vitamin A between children at varied ages, but no significant difference both in serum level of vitamin A and prevalence of subclinical VAD between gender was found.

CONCLUSIONSIn general, status of VAD in children of Tibet was milder than that at national level. But, moderate subclinical VAD in some areas, such as farming and semi-farming counties, did exist, so vitamin A supplementation aiming to children, especially those under one year of age, in those areas should be urged.

Age Factors ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sex Factors ; Tibet ; epidemiology ; Vitamin A ; blood ; Vitamin A Deficiency ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVENucleic vaccine of pVVP3IL-18HN expressing apoptin gene, Newcastle disease virus HN gene and IL-18 gene were constructed to observe the combinative antitumor effect of the above three genes.

METHODSEukaryotic expression plasmid pVVP3IL-18HN was constructed by inserting apoptin gene and fragment comprising fused IL-18HN gene and IRES promoter into the downstream of CMV promoter of vector pVAX1. The expression of inserted gene was identified by RT-PCR, indirect immunofluorescence and Western-blot. The recombinant plasmid was introduced into Hep-2 cells by liposome, then suppression rate of Hep-2 of different time and different quantity was calculated according to MTT results.

RESULTThe recombinant plasmid of pVVP3IL-18HN suppressed Hep-2 successfully and its suppression rate was up to 61.9% with 20 microg/ml, incubation of 72 hours.

CONCLUSIONThe nucleic vaccine constructed pVVP3IL-18HN had antitumor effect on Hep-2. It may can be used to the therapy and research of laryngeal carcinoma.

Cancer Vaccines ; biosynthesis ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Vectors ; HN Protein ; genetics ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Interleukin-18 ; genetics ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Newcastle disease virus ; immunology ; Plasmids ; Transfection ; Vaccines, DNA ; biosynthesis

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of apolipoprotein (apo) C1 (APOC1) gene rs4420638A/G and -317H1/H2 polymorphisms with the risk of pre-eclampsia (PE) and the influence of their genotypes on the clinical and metabolic indexes among Chinese women. METHODS: In total 289 PE patients and 824 women with uncomplicated pregnancies were included. The rs4420638A/G genotype was determined by a Taqman real-time PCR allelic discrimination assay. The -317H1/H2 genotype was measured through PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Serum lipid and apo levels were measured by an enzymatic kit and a PEG-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay. RESULTS: Allelic and genotypic frequencies of the APOC1 gene rs4420638A/G and -317H1/H2 were not significantly different between the two groups (all P> 0.05). However, patients carrying the G allele of the rs4420638A/G locus had higher serum levels of triglyceride, non-HDL-C and apoB, and a higher apoB/apoA1 ratio compared with those with an AA genotype (all P< 0.05). Patients carrying the H2 allele of the -317H1/H2 polymorphism had smaller delivery gestational weeks compared with those with the H1H1 genotype (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION Polymorphisms of the APOC1 gene rs4420638 and -317H1/H2 sites may be associated with abnormal lipoprotein metabolism among Chinese patients with PE, though no association was found between variants of the APOC1 gene and the risk of PE among them.