BACKGROUND: Immunostaining to identify nuclear antigen provides a convenient way of assessing proliferative kinetics in hyperplastic/tumor tissue. OBJECTIVE: The object of this study is to find out whether there are any differences in the expression of proliferation related protein among psoriasis, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma by immunohistochemical evaluation on the PCNA (proliferative cell nuclear antigen) and Ki-67. METHODS: The detection of PCNA and Ki-67 were done by,immunohistochemical methods (avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase methods) using respective monoclonal antibodies in the paraffin embeded tissues from psoriasis (17 cases), basal cell carcinomas (15 cases) and squamous cell carcinomas (10 cases). RESULTS: The labelling indices of PCNA were 14.2±4.0% in psoriasis, 10.9±5.5% in basal cell cardinoma and 28.0±7.8% in squamous cell carcinoma, while the labelling indices of Ki-67 were 15.7±3.8% in psoriasis, 11.26.1% in basal cell carcinoma and 30.3±9.4% in squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSION: 1. Interpretation of Ki-67 staining was easier than that for PCNA, mainly because cell morphology was better preserved and the distinction between hyperplastic/tumor and nontumor cell was clear. 2. PCNA and Ki-67 counts had strong correlation to each other (r=0.979). 3. Our immunohistochemical results of PCNA and Ki-67 suggested that proliferative activity was more marked in psoriasis than basal cell carcinoma.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Kinetics ; Paraffin ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen* ; Psoriasis*

This study was attempted to identify the knowledge to breast-feeding and the performance of nursing activities for breast-feeding and to test "how does the degree of knowledge to breast-feeding influence the nursing activities for breast-feeding?" The subjects were 180 nurses working in delivery rooms, nursery, obstetrics & pediatrics wards or OPD of obstetrics & gynecology of 8 general hospitals in Pusan as of August 3 through 13, 1996. The results are abstracted as follows : 1) Subject nurses' age : 25-29 was 45.6%(the major), education levels ; graduates from junior college were 95.0%, unmarried status was 62.2%, 76.5% of married nurses had children, 39.7% in-service education for Breast-Feeding, 337% did nursing activities for breast-feeding actively, the reason for inadequate activities for breast-feeding was "too much other tasks." 2) The degree of knowledge to breast-feeding ; mean score was 13.54, the degree of performance of nursing activities for breast-feeding ; 92.38+/-20.93 points out of possible 145 points(3.19+/-.74 out of possible 5 points) meaned that it was a low level. 3) The hypothesis "the nurses who have higher degrees of knowledge to breast-feeding will show higher degrees of performance of nursing activities for breast-feeding than the nurses who have lowe degrees of knowledge to breast-feeding" was tested by t-test(t=-.01, P=.9888), but rejected because it turned out statistically not significant at the level of P<.05) Above results suggested the degrees of knowledge to breast-feeding and the degrees of performance of nursing activities for breast-feeding were generally low and the degree of knowledge didn't influence the nursing activities. Researchers believe that the education for breast-feeding by the nurses need to be performed systemically & practically and new-method of breast-feeding education program need to include hospital managers as well as nurses related mothers and their family. In addition, researchers propose the introduction of "lactation specialist system", for the specialist can change the attitude of feeding-mothers positively with their specialty and authority.
Busan ; Child ; Delivery Rooms ; Education ; Gynecology ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Mothers ; Nurseries ; Nursing* ; Obstetrics ; Pediatrics ; Single Person ; Specialization ; Child Health

No abstract available.
Breast* ; Jaundice* ; Milk, Human*

No abstract available.
Brain Neoplasms* ; Brain* ; Humans ; Immunocompetence*

PURPOSE:Growth retardation is a serious clinical problem in children with chronic renal failure(CRF). Dialysis and renal transplantation do not provide an improvement in growth velocity. Possible causes of growth retardation are nutritional deficiency, electrolyte imbalance, uremia, renal asteodystrophy and chronic anemia. However, catch-up growth cannot be achieved after correcting these factors. There is no concordance about disturbances of growth hormone(GH)-insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) axis. in CRF. This study was designed to evaluate the growth status, IGF-I, GH and the effect of GH in CRF. METHODS:Twelve children with CRF(five were treated conservative, seven were transplanted) were included. IGF-I, stimulated GH, 24 hour integrated concentration of GH (IC-GH)were measured. Six were given rhGH(0.1U/kg/day) for average one year. RESULTS: 1)Growth velocity(GV) was 3.2+/-0.8cm/yr(conservative therapy:3.3+/-0.7, transplanted:2.9+/-0.8). Height standard deveation score(SDS) was -2.4+/-1.3cm/yr(conservative therapy group:-3.3+/-1.4, transplanted group:-1.3+/-0.4). Bone age lagged 2.1+/-13yr behind chronological age. 2) IGF-I concentrations were normal. 3)Stimulated GH levels were normal(16.6+/-3.3ng/ml) except one patient. Twenty- four hour IC-GH were less than 3.2ng/ml in 4 patients. 4)After GH therapy, GV increased 3.3+/-0.7cm/yr to 5.4+/-0.8cm/yr and Ht SDS increased -3.3+/-1.4 to -2.9+/-1.5 in the conservatively treated group. GV increased 2.9+/-0.8cm/yr to 5.5+/-1.8cm/yr and Ht SDS increased -1.3+/-0.4 to -0.8+/-0.5 in the transplanted group. CONCLUSION: Stimulated GH was normal but spontaneous secretion of GH was decreased in some patients with CRF. This neurosecretory dysfunction may be one causative factor in CRF. For these patients GH replacement therapy will be effective in promoting growth.
Anemia ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Child* ; Dialysis ; Growth Hormone* ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Kidney Transplantation ; Malnutrition ; Uremia

No abstract available.
Blood Pressure* ; Body Mass Index* ; Cholesterol* ; Humans ; Plasma* ; Spouses*

We experienced a cose of occupational asthma induced by the tobacco leaf in 49-year old man. He has worked at the Korean Tobacco and Ginseng company for 23 years but suffered from the intermittent mild wheezing and dyspnea since 6 years ago. He has not involved in the process making the tobacco directly, but just managed it at the storage barn. He showed a whole negative reaction to 55 inhalant allergens(Bencard, UK) and the allergen extracted from the yellow Korean tobacco leaf, but showed the dual asthmatic respose to the allergen bronchial provocation test with it. His basal PC is 6.35 mg/ml with methacholine inhalation challenge. Now he changed the workplace far away from the barn at the same company and is treated with bronchodilator and anti-asthmatic inhaler.
Asthma, Occupational* ; Bronchial Provocation Tests ; Dyspnea ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Methacholine Chloride ; Middle Aged ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers ; Panax ; Respiratory Sounds ; Tobacco*

Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica is rare, chronic non-inflammtory mechanobullous disease of hereditary trait, which easily produces bullae by minor trauma or sponta neosly. A 1-day old male neonate presented wide spread vesicobullous minor, eruptions since birth. On examination, tense bullse were noted on the dorsa of the feet and right knei: area Which is usually serous but may be hemarrhagic tendeney. This was healed by the dropping of oxoline and wet betadine auze application along with the administration of vitamin E and phenytoin. We present a case of epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica that seems be a dominant type considering the presence of family history with histopathologic and electron microscopic findings.
Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica* ; Epidermolysis Bullosa* ; Foot ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Parturition ; Phenytoin ; Povidone-Iodine ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation ; Vitamin E ; Vitamins

No abstract available.
Thyroid Dysgenesis*

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of placebo(emotional stimulus) on physical fitness and psychological wellbeing. The subjects for the study were divided into tow groups. One experimental group received placebo and the other control group did not receive. Each group was composed of 15 women. The subjects continued aerobic exercise for an hour each time, three times a week, for eight weeks. The enhancement of physical fitness has been evaluated by body weight, BP, pulse rate, skinfolds thickness, circumference of waist and hip, body fat, % body fat, lean body mass, % lean body mass they were measured three times every 4 weeks. Also to evaluate the enhancement of psychological wellbeing, the self-esteem and self-perception were measured. The results can be summarized as follows : 1. The % body fat of experimental group decreased significantly than that of control group(p<0.1). 2. The % lean body mass of experimental group decreased significantly than that of control group(P<0.1). 3. There was no significant difference of other physical fitness factors between experimental group and control group. 4. There was no significant difference of self-esteem between experimental group and control group. 5. There was no significant difference of self-perception between experimental group and control group. From these results, it may be concluded that placebo(emotional stimulus) which received during aerobic exercise period is partially effective in the enhancement of the physical fitness.
Adipose Tissue ; Body Weight ; Exercise* ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Hip ; Humans ; Physical Fitness* ; Placebo Effect ; Self Concept