PURPOSE: This retrospective study was done to evaluate the status of nosocomial urinary tract infections and to determine the risk factors andtransmission route of causal IRPA through molecular epidemiology. METHOD: Two hundred ninety-nine of 423 patients admitted to the internal medicine and surgery ICU at a university hospital incity B had a positiveurine culture. Twelve of the 299 patients who had a urinary tract infection had IRPA strains. The data was collected from November 1, 2004 to January 31, 2005. The following results were obtained after the data was analyzed using percentile and UPGMA. RESULT: The rate of nosocomial urinary tract infections in the ICU was 10.8%. Therewere 16.8 cases of infection based on the period of hospitalization. There were 16.9 cases of infection based on the use of a foley catheter. The rate of nosocomial urinary tract infection in the ICU and urinary tract infections related to IRPA were higher in patients with the following characteristics: men, old age, admission through the emergency room, longer than seven days admission, severity of admitting causes, disturbance of consciousness, hydration less than 300cc in 24hours, a long course of antibiotics, a long period of foley catheterization and perineal care. Most of the microorganisms that caused the urinary tract infection were gram negative bacilli, among which P. aeruginosa was found in 70 patients (18.5%) and IRPA in 12 (4.0%). Among the 12 IRPA strains that were tested with PFGE, eight showed a dice coefficient higher than 80%, suggesting a genetic relationship. They were related with the period of hospitalization in the same ICU. These patients all received direct care for a urinary tract infection. CONCLUSION: Through these results, IRPA can be consideredas a contributing factors to urinary tract infections thus, active preventative measures are needed by the medical staff.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology ; Cross Infection/*epidemiology/etiology/microbiology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Female ; Humans ; Imipenem/*pharmacology ; Intensive Care Units ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pseudomonas Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/classification/drug effects/*genetics ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Urinary Catheterization ; Urinary Tract Infections/*epidemiology/etiology/microbiology

Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze research trends in articles published in the Journal of Dental Hygiene Science over the past decade. Methods: From 2011 to 2020, 653 studies were reviewed using a keyword analysis. Contents such as academic classification, research type, research method, research topic, data collection method, data analysis method, and financial support were analyzed. Results: Analysis by school type showed 34.2% of clinical dental hygiene studies, 23.3% of educational dental hygiene studies, 22.8% of basic dental hygiene studies, 10.0% of other field studies, and 9.8% of social dental hygiene studies. By type of study, quantitative studies were the most common at 69.5%. Regarding data collection methods, 45.8% of the studies that used surveys were the most common. The subjects of the study were 20.1% experimental studies, 15.6% general adults, and 15.0% dental hygienists. Regarding the data analysis method, 49.3% of the studies that conducted frequency analysis were the most common. The total number of keywords was 2,390, with 107 (4.48%) being ‘dental hygienists.’ Next, oral health was the most common with 67 (2.80%) articles, followed by 31 for the elderly (1.30%), 25 for dental hygiene students (1.05%), and 24 for stress (1.00%). Conclusion For academic development of dental hygiene, it is necessary to explore the diversity of academic topics based on the results of this study. It is necessary to find a way to spread the research results so that the published research can be used for the academic development of dental hygiene.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to reconsider the necessity of stroke-related educational programs by investigating early symptoms of stroke that emergency medical technicians (EMTs) may experience. METHODS: An interview survey was carried out, targeting all EMTs 298 people who were working at 119 fire safety centers and local units in Jeollabuk-do province, from April 1 to 30, 2011. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtain data on ETMs' demographic characteristics, educational level on stroke, and awareness level about early symptoms of stroke and treatment-related characteristics of stroke patients. RESULTS: The results showed that 63.2% of those surveyed had completed the required educational programs on stroke during the past year. The level of awareness about early symptoms of stroke and assessment of stroke patients' condition was relatively high for women, those who were 30 years under, low position people, emergency service practitioners, emergency medical technicians, and people who have completed education, respectively. It was also turned out that 82.8% of those surveyed took stroke patients to the nearest hospitals first so that they could receive appropriate treatment. The level of awareness about early symptoms of stroke and assessment of stroke patients' condition in people who have completed education were higher than non-complete. The level of awareness about early symptoms of stroke was positively correlated with confidence, satisfaction and appropriateness in treatment of stroke patients. CONCLUSIONS: These results strongly suggest that it is necessary to operate specialized educational programs to enhance EMTs' appropriate awareness of the early symptoms of stroke and assessment of stroke patient's condition.
Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Technicians ; Female ; Fires ; Humans ; Stroke ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to suggest factors related with the job satisfaction of interviewers who participated in Community Health Survey (CHS) in Jeonbuk province. METHODS: An interview survey was carried out, targeting all 70 interviewers who were working at Jeonbuk CHS from Oct. 20 to Oct. 31. 2011. RESULTS: As a result of carrying out a univariate analysis of job satisfaction factors by general characteristics, this study found out that interviewers at the age below 40 showed a higher emotional factor-related score than interviewers at the age over 40, and interviewers having participated a statistic survey more than 6 times showed a higher emotional factor-related score than interviewers having participated a statistic survey less than 5 times. As a result of carrying out a multiple regression analysis of factors by general characteristics, this study found out that as interviewers were older, they showed a lower emotional factor-related satisfaction score and job performance factor-related satisfaction score, and their job satisfaction score was higher when a single interviewer conducts a survey than when more than 2 interviewers conduct a survey. CONCLUSIONS: The interviewer's job satisfaction score was relatively low. This results strongly suggest that it is necessary to understand their job performance environment and work environment most of all. It is expected that the results of this study will be used as basic data needed to increase the job satisfaction of interviewers from CHS and improve the quality of survey data.
Health Surveys* ; Interviews as Topic ; Jeollabuk-do ; Job Satisfaction*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) as a therapeutic maneuver for patientswith spontaneous gallbladder (GB) perforation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ten patients with acute cholecystitis andsuspected GB perforation underwent emergency PC; perforation was documented by means of ultrasound, computedtomography, and/or fluoroscopy. All patients but two had a variety of high risk factors for open cholecystectomy:diabetes mellitus (n=2), cardiac disease (n=2), acute renal failure (n=1), liver cirrhosis (n=1), overwhelmingsepsis (n=1), and age over 80 (n=1). All percutaneous cholecystostomies were performed with ultrasound guidanceand preferably via the transhepatic route. A favorable response to PC was defined as an improvement in clinicalsymptoms and signs or reduction in fever, and return of the WBC to normal within 72 hr of the procedure. RESULTS:All procedures were technically successful, and no major procedure-related complications occurred. Eight patients(80%) responded favorably to PC. One, who did not respond, underwent emergency cholecystectomy next day due toworsening peritonitis, and the other who failed to respond within 72 hr showed delayed response after drainage ofa coexistent liver abscess at seven days after the procedure. A patient who responded to PC experienced catheterdislodgement four days after the procedure but reinsertion was not required. Five of eight patients who respondedpositively underwent elective cholecystectomy after the improvement of clinical symptoms, and the three remainingpatients improved without further surgery. CONCLUSION: For the treatment of patients in whom GB perforation issuspected, PC is a safe and effective alternative to surgical cholecystectomy.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Cholecystectomy ; Cholecystitis ; Cholecystitis, Acute ; Cholecystostomy* ; Drainage ; Emergencies ; Fever ; Fluoroscopy ; Gallbladder* ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Liver Abscess ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Peritonitis ; Risk Factors ; Ultrasonography

We report our recent experience of successful ultrasonography-guided catheter drainage of a huge retro-mammaryabscess in a 27-year-old female patient with pulmonary tuberculosis. For breast abscesses, the pro-cedure can beused instead of surgery. Its merits are that it is easy and cost-effective, there is less scar forma-tion,outpatient management may be possible, and in reported cases there has been no recurrence.
Abscess* ; Adult ; Breast ; Catheters ; Cicatrix ; Drainage* ; Female ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

PURPOSE: A phase II study of vinorelbine and ifosfamide combination chemotherapy in patients with advanced or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was conducted to assess response rate, response duration, and toxicites. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with advanced NSCLC who had no prior systemic chemotherapy were eligible. They have no central nervous system metastasis and recurrent or progressive disease after surgery or radiotherapy. Each cycle consisted of vinorelbine 25 mg/m' i.v. days 1 & 8, and ifosfamide 2 g/m i.v. days 1, 2 & 3 with Mesna and treatments were repeated every 21 days. RESULTS: Forty patients with advanced or recurrent NSCLC were treated at multi center between March, 1997 and March, 1998. Six patients were not evaluable because five patients refused therapy after the first course and one patient was protocol violation. Of 34 evaluable patients, objective responses were seen in 11 (32.4%) patients (CR 0%, PR 32.4%). The median duration of response was 16.4 weeks. The median overall survival was 9.5 months. The toicities of this regimen were acceptable without treatment related toxic death. CONCLUSION: We concluded that combination regimen of vinorelbine and ifosfamide was effective and tolerable in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Central Nervous System ; Drug Therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Humans ; Ifosfamide* ; Mesna ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Radiotherapy ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma*

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain is characterized by persistent jaw pain associated with dysfunction and tenderness of the temporomandibular muscles and joints. The aim of this study was to investigate whether treatment with red or black ginseng extract helps in the modulation of inflammatory TMJ pain. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220~260 g were used. The experimental group was subdivided into 4 groups based on the treatment method (n=6, each group): formalin (5%, 30 µl), formalin after distilled water (vehicle), formalin after red or black ginseng extract (per oral, single or repeated, respectively). To induce TMJ pain, 30 µl of formalin was injected into the articular cavity under ether inhalation anesthesia. The number of noxious behavioral responses of scratching the facial region proximal to the injection site was recorded for 9 successive 5-min intervals following formalin injection. Repeated treatment with red or black ginseng extract reduced the nociceptive responses in the second phase (11~45 min). Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an oxidative stress-mediated transcription factor. Both ginsengs significantly down-regulated the increased Nrf2 level compared to the vehicle group. In the test for liver and kidney functions, repeated treatment with red or black ginseng was not different compared to the vehicle group. These results indicate that red and black ginseng extract might be promising analgesic agents in the treatment of inflammatory TMJ pain.
Analgesics ; Anesthesia, Inhalation ; Animals ; Ether ; Formaldehyde ; Humans ; Jaw ; Joints ; Kidney ; Liver ; Male ; Methods ; Models, Animal* ; Muscles ; Panax* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Temporomandibular Joint* ; Transcription Factors ; Water

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Due to advances in diagnostic techniques, clinicians are more frequently performing influenza diagnostic tests and referring to their test results ahead of the administration of neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs). To investigate the clinical significance of the time from symptom onset to laboratory diagnosis, we reviewed the clinical characteristics of adult patients with influenza who had an early laboratory diagnosis (ED) or a late laboratory diagnosis (LD) at one of four tertiary care centers during a seasonal outbreak of influenza. METHODS: Clinical data were collected from 1,405 adults during the 2013 to 2014 influenza season. A patient was regarded as receiving an ED or LD if he/she received an influenza diagnostic test at 0 to 1 or 4 to 7 days after symptom onset, respectively. Early NAI therapy and late NAI therapy were defined as the administration of NAI ≤ 2 or > 2 days after symptom onset, respectively. RESULTS: Nearly half of the patients (47.0%) received an ED (n = 661), whereas 13.5% (n = 190) received a LD. Patients with a LD had initial symptoms of cough, sputum production, and dyspnea and experienced pneumonia, antibiotic therapy, hospitalization, and admission to the intensive care unit more often than those with an ED. NAI therapy and early NAI therapy were less frequent in patients with a LD than those with an ED. Of the analyzed baseline characteristics, age ≥ 50 years, influenza B infection, and diagnosis using a polymerase chain reaction test were significantly associated with a LD. CONCLUSIONS: LD was associated with inappropriate antiviral therapy and complicated presenting features in adult patients with seasonal influenza. ED of influenza should be emphasized, especially for older adults.
Adult* ; Antiviral Agents ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; Cough ; Delayed Diagnosis* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Dyspnea ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Influenza, Human* ; Intensive Care Units ; Neuraminidase ; Pneumonia ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Seasons* ; Sputum ; Tertiary Care Centers

BACKGROUND: Menkes disease (MD) is a rare X-linked hereditary multisystemic disorder that is caused by dysfunction of copper metabolism. Patients with MD typically present with progressive neurodegeneration, some connective tissue abnormalities, and characteristic “kinky” hair. In addition, various types of urological complications are frequent in MD because of underlying connective tissue abnormalities. In this study, we studied the clinical features and outcomes of MD, focusing on urological complications. METHODS: A total of 14 unrelated Korean pediatric patients (13 boys and 1 girl) with MD were recruited, and their phenotypes and genotypes were analyzed by retrospective review of their medical records. RESULTS: All the patients had early-onset neurological deficit, including developmental delay, seizures, and hypotonia. The girl patient showed normal serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels as well as milder symptoms. Mutational analysis of the ATP7A gene revealed 11 different mutations in 12 patients. Bladder diverticula was the most frequent urological complication: 8 (57.1%) in the 14 patients or 8 (72.7%) in the 11 patients who underwent urological evaluation. Urological imaging studies were performed essentially for the evaluation of accompanying urinary tract infections. Four patients had stage II chronic kidney disease at the last follow-up. CONCLUSION: Urologic problems occurred frequently in MD, with bladder diverticula being the most common. Therefore, urological imaging studies and appropriate management of urological complications, which may prevent or reduce the development of urinary tract infections and renal parenchymal damage, are required in all patients with MD.
Ceruloplasmin ; Connective Tissue ; Copper ; Diverticulum ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Genotype ; Hair ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Menkes Kinky Hair Syndrome* ; Metabolism ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Phenotype ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Tract Infections