This study was intended to assess the effects of low glycemic index (LGI) nutrition education on dietary management and glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The subjects were 48 sex-matched patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, aged 66.5 +/- 6.2 years, visiting a public health center. They were divided into two groups: the control group (males 10, females 14) and the educated group (males 10, females 14). The educated group was provided with a LGI nutrition education program for 7 weeks. The control group was educated only one time for general diabetic education. Anthropometric indices, knowledge and perception of efficacy of low glycemic index carbohydrates, dietary glycemic index (DGI) and glycemic load (DGL), fasting blood glucose, and HbA1c were assessed. In the educated group body weight, body mass index and systolic blood pressure (from 138.0 +/- 18.9 mmHg to 130.6 +/- 15.0 mmHg) were significantly reduced after the nutrition education (p < 0.05). The scores of knowledge and perception of efficacy of low glycemic index carbohydrates increased significantly in the educated group. Dietary glycemic index and glycemic load of the educated group decreased significantly from 103.4 +/- 67.6 to 45.4 +/- 27.1 (p < 0.001), and from 173.3 +/- 135.9 to 66.8 +/- 50.4 (p < 0.001), respectively. Also fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels of the educated group significantly decreased from 124.5 +/- 28.8 mg/dL to 96.7 +/- 21.6 mg/dL (p < 0.001) and from 7.1 +/- 1.3% to 6.4 +/- 1.2% (p < 0.05), respectively. The score of knowledge and perception of efficacy of low glycemic index significantly correlated with fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels negatively. DGI, DGL and duration of diabetes significantly correlated with HbA1c level positively. From stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, DGI, DGL and the duration of diabetes were extracted as factors influencing HbA1c level of the subjects. The results of this study suggest that low glycemic index nutrition education programs is an effective intervention measure for the glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients.
Aged ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Carbohydrates ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Dietary Carbohydrates ; Fasting ; Female ; Glycemic Index ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Public Health

PURPOSE: Growth hormone (GH) has been used successfully in the treatment of short stature secondary to GH deficiency in survivors of childhood brain tumors. There has been concerned that GH might increase the risk of tumor recurrence in spite of improvement of growth. METHODS: Data for tumor recurrence from 1997 to 2006 were analysed retrospectively in 56 patients with craniopharyngioma, 78 patients with medulloblastomas, 14 patients with germinomas and 139 patients with astrocytomas or gliomas after GH treatment. Serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3 were measured. RESULTS: 57 GH deficient and growth retarded patients (17.4%) were treated with recombinant human GH and followed up 60 months after starting GH treatment. 6 patients (10.5%) (5 craniopharyngioma, 1 germinoma) were recurred among patients with GH therapy, but 17 patients (5.2%) were recurred among patients with non GH therapy. Tumor recurrence in GH treated group was not higher than in non GH treated group. There was no significant change in serum IGF-1, IGFBP-3 level and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio. CONCLUSION: Tumor recurrence rates in surviving patients with brain tumors receiving GH treatment do not appear to be increased compared with non GH treatment. However, longer follow-up regarding recurrences and secondary neoplasms remains to be essential.
Astrocytoma ; Brain Neoplasms* ; Brain* ; Carrier Proteins ; Craniopharyngioma ; Follow-Up Studies ; Germinoma ; Glioma ; Growth Hormone* ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Medulloblastoma ; Recurrence* ; Retrospective Studies ; Survivors

PURPOSE: In this study, we attempted to analyze the effectiveness of the atopic dermatitis camp for primary school students in the Seoul area. METHODS: Seoul city's atopy camp 2010 was conducted 10 times from May 22nd to October 24th for primary school students at an atopy friendly school and their parents. A total of 374 atopic dermatitis patients participated in the camp and questionnaires for 363 were analyzed, except 11 participants who had left several questions unanswered. In a 3-month follow-up survey, 167 participants out of 374 responded to the mailing questionnaire to evaluate the efficiency of the camp. The response rate was 44.7%. RESULTS: Satisfaction with the educational program of the camp was higher for lower grade students than for higher grade students.(P<0.001) Before camp, higher grade students (P<0.001) or students with severe symptoms were more knowledgeable of atopic dermatitis.(P<0.01) After the camp, the higher the grade, the more the knowledge the student had about atopic dermatitis.(P<0.001) Three months after the camp, there was positive change in the lifestyle of atopic dermatitis patients.(P<0.001) CONCLUSION: Knowledge on atopic dermatitis increased and the lifestyle of atopic dermatitis patients was improved due to the camp. Consequently, Seoul city's atopy camp can be utilized as a method to improve the quality of life of atopic dermatitis patients and their family. And Seoul city's atopy camp is expected to be a model for atopy camps in other local communities.
Dermatitis, Atopic ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Life Style ; Parents ; Patient Education as Topic ; Postal Service ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: Allergic disease and its comorbidities significantly influence the quality of life. Although the comorbidities of allergic diseases are well described in adult populations, little is known about them in preschool children. In the present study, we aimed to assess the prevalence and comorbidity of allergic diseases in Korean preschool children. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study comprising 615 Korean children (age, 3 to 6 years). Symptoms of allergic diseases were assessed using the Korean version of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire that was modified for preschool children. Comorbidities of allergic diseases were assessed by 'In the last 12 months, has your child had symptoms?'. RESULTS: The prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis as recorded using the ISAAC questionnaire, within the last 12 months was 13.8%, 40.7%, and 20.8%, respectively. The symptom rates of allergic conjunctivitis, food allergy, and drug allergy were 14.8%, 10.4%, and 0.8%, respectively. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in children with asthma was 64.3% and that of asthma in children with allergic rhinitis was 21.6%. The prevalence of rhinitis in children with conjunctivitis was 64.8% and that of conjunctivitis in children with rhinitis was 23.6%. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of current rhinitis in our preschool children is shown to be higher than that previously reported. Allergic conjunctivitis is closely associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis. However, further studies are warranted to determine the prevalence and effects of these comorbidities on health outcomes in preschool children.
Adult ; Asthma ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Comorbidity ; Conjunctivitis ; Conjunctivitis, Allergic ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; Food Hypersensitivity ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Prevalence ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rhinitis ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial

PURPOSE: The effect of different peritoneal dialysis (PD) modalities on the decline in residual renal function (RRF) is unclear due to inconsistencies among studies. In particular, the effect of automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) modalities [continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) and nightly intermittent peritoneal dialysis (NIPD)] on RRF has not been examined in a large cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a single-center retrospective study to investigate the association between PD modalities and decline in RRF in 142 incident PD patients [34 on CCPD, 36 on NIPD, and 72 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)]. RRF was measured within 2 months from PD start and at 1 year after PD initiation. RESULTS: The RRF at 1 year after PD initiation was 1.98+/-2.20 mL/min/1.73 m2 in CCPD patients and 3.63+/-3.67 mL/min/1.73 m2 in NIPD patients, which were moderately lower than 4.23+/-3.51 mL/min/1.73 m2 in CAPD patients (p=0.064). Moreover, there was no significant difference in the 1-year rate of decline of RRF between CCPD and NIPD patients, although APD patients had a faster 1-year RRF decline rate than CAPD patients (CCPD and NIPD vs. CAPD: -45.68 and -36.69 vs. 1.17%/year, p=0.045). APD was associated with a more rapid decline in RRF in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing PD, although multivariate analysis attenuated the significance of this finding (beta=-31.50; 95% CI, -63.61 to 0.62; p=0.052). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that CAPD might be more helpful than APD for preserving RRF during the first year of dialysis therapy, although there was no significant difference in the 1-year rate of decline of RRF between the two APD modalities.
Adult ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate/physiology ; Humans ; Kidney/pathology/physiopathology ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/*therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peritoneal Dialysis/*adverse effects ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Menetrier's disease is a poorly defined condition that is of unknown origin, characterized by giant folds in the stomach. The histologic features are foveolar hyperplasia and cystic dilatation of the gland. We presented the characteristic findings of Menetirer's disease in Korea with a review of literatures to understand the Menetirer's disease more precisely. METHODS: The sixteen cases of Menetrier's disease was reported in Korea. We analyzed their age, sex, symptoms, signs, laboratory findings and treatments, retrospectively. RESULTS: The average age was 46 years. There were 11 men and 4 women. The most common symptom was epigastric pain (94%). The most common sign were epigastric tenderness (69%) and pretibial pitting edema (63%). Patients were often associated with the hypoalbuminemia (73%). All patients showed hypertrophic folds on either gastrofiberscopy or upper gastrointestinal series. All patients showed foveolar hyperplasia histologically. Three patients were operated to control a massive upper gastrointesinal bleeding. Two patients were operated to control the intractable edema. Two patients were operated to exclude gastric malignancy. CONCLUSIONS: Menetrier's disease showed broad clinical features such as epigastric pain, hypoalbuminemia, massive hematemesis and mimicking gastric malignancy. The giant gastric folds and foveolar hyperplasia were the most commom and important findings in the Menetrier's disease.
Dilatation ; Edema ; Female ; Gastritis, Hypertrophic* ; Hematemesis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Hypoalbuminemia ; Korea* ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach

PURPOSE: Despite new treatment strategies, anemia remains the most prevalent complication in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We investigated whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D3] deficiency was associated with anemia in ESRD patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 410 ESRD patients who had undergone renal transplantation (RTx) at Yonsei University Health System and who had 25(OH)D3 levels measured at the time of RTx. Patients were divided into two groups based on baseline 25(OH)D3 concentrations: group 1, 25(OH)D3 levels <10 ng/mL; and group 2, 25(OH)D3 levels ≥10 ng/mL. RESULTS: Using multivariate regression models, 25(OH)D3, age, and erythrocyte-stimulating agent (ESA) dose were found to be significantly associated with hemoglobin (Hb) levels [25(OH)D3: β=0.263, p<0.001; age: β=0.122, p=0.010; ESA dose: β=-0.069, p=0.005]. In addition, logistic regression analysis revealed that patients in group 1 had a significantly higher risk for developing anemia (Hb level <10 g/dL) compared to group 2 patients, even after adjusting for potential risk factors for anemia (odds ratio=3.857; confidence interval=1.091-13.632; p=0.036). CONCLUSION: 25(OH)D3 deficiency was significantly associated with anemia in patients with ESRD. Randomized controlled trials are needed to determine whether vitamin D supplementation can improve anemia in these patients.
Adult ; Aged ; Anemia/blood/*etiology ; Calcifediol ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Hemoglobin A/analysis ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/*complications ; Kidney Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Regression Analysis ; Risk Factors ; Vitamin D/analogs & derivatives/blood ; Vitamin D Deficiency/blood/*complications

Low molecular proteins (LMPs) which are smaller than 20 kDa are difficult to visible on a standard two-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D SDS-PAGE) map. LMPs must be enriched appropriately to be analyzed. We isolated LMPs of Helicobacter pylori 26695 from 1-D polyacrylamide gel and digested by pepsin. Pepsin-digested LMPs were separated by HPLC and each fraction was analyzed by hybrid tandem mass spectrometer. Seventy nine peptides, representing 27 genes, including copper ion binding protein (CopP, 7 kDa), thioredoxin (TrxA, 11.9 kDa) and ribosomal protein L23 (Rpl23, 10.5 kDa) were identified. Some proteins larger than 40 kDa including Omp2, Omp21, Omp27, Omp30, Omp32, catalase and HP1083 were also identified. This work may give researchers a useful way to analyse the expressed LMPs which could not be identified on the conventional 2-D SDS-PAGE.
Acrylic Resins ; Carrier Proteins ; Catalase ; Chimera ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Copper ; Electrophoresis ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Helicobacter pylori ; Molecular Weight ; Pepsin A ; Peptides ; Proteins ; Proteome ; Ribosomal Proteins ; Thioredoxins

Background: Tumor spread through air spaces (STAS) is a recently discovered risk factor for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The aim of this study was to investigate specific genetic alterations and anticancer immune responses related to STAS. By using a machine learning algorithm and drug screening in lung cancer cell lines, we analyzed the effect of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) on the survival of patients with LUAD and possible drug candidates. Methods: This study included 566 patients with LUAD corresponding to clinicopathological and genetic data. For analyses of LUAD, we applied gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), in silico cytometry, pathway network analysis, in vitro drug screening, and gradient boosting machine (GBM) analysis. Results: The patients with STAS had a shorter survival time than those without STAS (P < 0.001). We detected gene set-related downregulation of JAK2 associated with STAS using GSEA. Low JAK2 expression was related to poor prognosis and a low CD8+ T-cell fraction. In GBM, JAK2 showed improved survival prediction performance when it was added to other parameters (T stage, N stage, lymphovascular invasion, pleural invasion, tumor size). In drug screening, mirin, CCT007093, dihydroretenone, and ABT737 suppressed the growth of lung cancer cell lines with low JAK2 expression. Conclusion In LUAD, low JAK2 expression linked to the presence of STAS might serve as an unfavorable prognostic factor. A relationship between JAK2 and CD8+ T cells suggests that STAS is indirectly related to the anticancer immune response. These results may contribute to the design of future experimental research and drug development programs for LUAD with STAS.