No abstract available.
Chorionic Gonadotropin* ; Female ; Gonadotropins* ; Humans* ; Ovulation*

PURPOSES: We experienced a case of infected cephalhematoma drained spontaneously. So we wanted to review the most appropriate method for investigating cephalhematomas for possible infection and to clarify the indications for the diagnostic aspiration. METHODS: MEDLINE searches were conducted for the period from 1972 to 1997, and all reports were obtained. 15 articles reporting 18 infected cephalhematomas were identified in the literature. We analyzed the medical records in patients according to age: sex ; associated infections especially sepsis or osteomyelitis, risk factors such as scalp electrode or vacuum use, local signs such as increase in size, fluctuation, local redness: organisrns: and radiographic findings. RESULTS: Escherichia coli was isolated from over 50% of the cephalhematomas that were aspirated. Most patients presented with sepsis, meningitis, and/or osteomyelitis. Plain radiographs, bone scans, and enhanced CT scans were limited in their ability to determine if a cephalhematoma was infected unless associated osteomyelitis existed. Local signs of scalp infection, such as increase in size, fluctuation, local redness were obvious in almost all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Aspiration is the diagnostic procedure of choice for cephalhematomas suspected of being infected. The indications for aspiration were increase in size, development of erythema, development of fluctuation, relapse of systemic infection, or a delay in the resolution of clinical symptoms of infection.
Diagnosis ; Electrodes ; Erythema ; Escherichia coli ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Medical Records ; Meningitis ; Osteomyelitis ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Scalp ; Sepsis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vacuum

No abstract available.
Humans ; Biomarkers, Tumor*

No abstract available.
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome* ; Pregnancy*

No abstract available.
Epidermal Cyst*

No abstract available.
Chorionic Gonadotropin* ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Humans*

Purpose: To develop a Korean version of the practice environment scale that can verify the practice environment of advanced practice registered nurses (APRN) by verifying the validity and reliability of the Nurse practitioner's primary care organizational climate questionnaire developed by Poghosyan et al. Methods: After translation using a committee approach and an expert group’s verification of the content validity, items were classified as 'professional visibility', 'APRN-administration relations', 'APRN-physician relations', 'independent practice and support' A total of 29 questionnaire items were developed for the four factors. Data were collected from 200 advanced practice registered nurses working at two advanced general hospitals and six general hospitals. Results: In the confirmatory factor analysis, CFI, TLI, and RMSR evaluation indices were appropriate except for RMSEA. Partial validity was shown in convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the questions were well organized with four factors. Cronbach's ⍺ of the whole instrument was .93. Conclusion As a first attempt to measure the practice environment of the APRN in Korea, the results show that this questionnaire provides basic data for correct role setting and improvement of practice environment. This research will ultimately serve as a basis for cost-effective quality care.

No abstract available.
Hydrocortisone* ; Prolactin*

OBJECTIVE: Increasingly it is being recognized that genetic factors play a significant role in causing malformation. There are many available prenatal diagnostic methods including cytogenetic karyotyping using amniocentesis and cordocentesis, fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH), and primed in situ labelling(PRINS). Our purpose was to attempt to discuss the clinical use of cytogenetic karyotyping, FISH, and PRINS. METHODS: We conducted 222 cases of cytogenetic karyotyping using amniocentesis and cordocentesis, l0 cases of FISH, and 10 cases of PRINS from January 1996 to July 1998 at Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital. Age distribution, chromosomal abnormalities by age group, indication, karyotype, and baby outcomes were performed. RESULTS: Overall incidence of chromosomal abnormalities was 7.7%(17cases) and chromosomal abnormalities were most frequently noted in 30-34 year old women and 35-39 year old women(2.3%, respectively). Among 222 cases, 25-29 year old women were highest(30.2%). Chromosomal abnormalities among cytogenetic karyotyping cases were Down syndrome, Edward syndrome, Patau syndrome, Deletion(8), Inversion(9), etc. The 5 cases of healthy baby among chromosomal abnormalities were delevered. Among 213 cases of karyotyping using amniocentesis, abnormal karyotyping cases were 15 cases. Among 15 cases, 8 cases were terminated and 5 cases of healthy baby were delivered. Among 9 cases of karyotyping using cordocentesis, 2 cases of chromosomal abnormalities(Edward, Down syndrome) were found and 3 cases healthy baby were delivered. Among 10 cases of FISH results, 6 case of FISH results were the same with G-banding and were different from G-banding. Among 10 cases of PRINS results, we got the PRINS results from 7 cases. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that cytogenetic karyotyping, FISH, and PRINS are very useful to detect chromosomal abnormalities.
Age Distribution ; Amniocentesis ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Cordocentesis ; Cytogenetics* ; Down Syndrome ; Female ; Fluorescence* ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization* ; Incidence ; Karyotype ; Karyotyping* ; Prenatal Diagnosis* ; Primed In Situ Labeling

No abstract available.
Perfusion* ; Peripheral Arterial Disease*