The evaluation of the proliferative potential of malignant neoplasm is of major interest for predicting their biological behavior. MIB-1, a monoclonal antibody against the Ki-67 antigen, is a marker of cell proliferation, which is widely applied to human cancers recently. To assess the growth potential of uterine endometrial carcinoma, we performed immunohistochemical staining of MIB-1 in 34 cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma (endometroid type) from the paraffin sections. We evaluated its correlation with p53 overexpression and known prognostic factors including FIGO grade, nuclear grade, myometrial invasion, and estrogen and progesterone receptors. As a result, the MIB-1 labelling index was significantly correlated with FIGO grade, nuclear grade and myometrial invasion (p<0.05) and there was no significant correlation between MIB-1, ER or PR status. The expression of p53 protein showed significant correlation with FIGO grade and nuclear grade (p<0.05) and there was no significant correlation among p53 protein, myometrial invasion, ER and PR status. The MIB-1 labelling index revealed striking difference between p53 positive and p53 negative group (p<0.05). We concluded that MIB-1 labelling index is associated with poor prognostic parameter in endometrial adenocarcinoma, and may be a useful marker for predicting tumor of high grade and deep myometrial invasion, if MIB-1 labelling index is more than 50% and is accompanied by p53 overexpression.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Cell Proliferation ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen ; Paraffin ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Strikes, Employee

We present a case of mucous gland adenoma arising from the main bronchus of the lower lobe of the left lung in terms of clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural aspects as well as review of related literatures. The patient, a 31-year-old female, was admitted to Catholic University Medical College Hospital with complaints of coughing and purulent sputum for about seven years. The chest CT showed a severely calcified tumor in the left lower lobe of the lung. Grossly, the calcified tumor arising from the main bronchus protruded into the lumen and showed bronchiectasis of the lower lobe and atelectasis of the upper lobe of the lung. The tumor was pale brown-gray and sharply circumscribed and showed some small cystic spaces filled with mucoid material. Microscopically, most of the tumor showed dystrophic calcification. The growth pattern of the tumor is composed of cysts, tubules, and glands lined by cytologically bland columnar, cuboidal, or flattened mucus secreting cells. Electron micrograph of tumor cells showed some round or oval mucous granules measuring 0.5-1.8 micrometer.
Adenoma* ; Adult ; Bronchi* ; Bronchiectasis ; Cough ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; Mucus ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Sputum ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Renal cell carcinoma, intimately associated with a sarcomatous component, is a rare malignant renal tumor. There is disagreement whether these represent true sarcomas or are sarcomatoid metaplasia. Therefore, this sarcomatous component is at times still a troublesome problem for pathologists. In March, 1986, we experienced a case of renal cell carcinoma associated with rhabdomyosarcomatous component in 47 year-old woman who had a rapidly enlarged, palpable abdominal mass. Grossly, a spherical renal cell carcinoma, 17x14x10 cm, in upper and middle portions of the right kidney showed extension through the renal capsule into the perirenal fat. Area of myxoid change was evident in the reanl cell carcinoma, with extensive hemorrhagic necrosis. Microscopically, in the myxoid area, there was malignant spindle cell proliferation in which many rhabdomyoblasts showing distinct cross striation could be demonstrated. This rhabdomyosarcomatous component intermixed with renal cell carcinoma of clear cell type could be also identified in the focal area.
Female ; Humans

Carcinoma Showing Thymus-Like Differentiation (CASTLE) is a rare tumor, which occurs in the thyroid gland and surrounding soft tissue, or soft tissue of the neck. It is thought to originate from ectopic thymus or branchial pouch remnants. We report a case of CASTLE of the thyroid gland in a 42-year-old woman. Grossly, a nodular, partly well demarcated, grayish yellow, 3.0 2.0 cm sized, solid mass was found in the right thyroid gland. Microscopically, the tumor was divided into lobules of variable size and shape, nests and cords with thin and thick fibrous septa which were infiltrated by lymphocytes and plasma cells. The tumor cells were large, polygonal and had vesicular nuclei with prominent nucleoli and eosinophilic cytoplasm. Some cells, especially in the central portion of the nests had abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and showed squamoid feature.
Adult ; Cytoplasm ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Neck ; Plasma Cells ; Thymus Gland ; Thyroid Gland*

No abstract available.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Carcinoma, Papillary* ; Giant Cells* ; Thyroid Gland*

To elucidate the role of p53 and nm23 in the development, progression, and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer, we studied 91 paraffin sections of the primary non-small-cell lung cancers and the 34 paraffin sections of their metastatic lymph nodes using the immunohistochemical method. The results are as follows: 1) The incidence of p53 protein expression was positively correlated with the staging of lung cancers (p<0.025). 2) The incidence of p53 protein expression was higher in the lung cancers with lymph node metastasis than in those without lymph node metastasis (p=0.009). 3) The incidence of nm23 protein expression was lower in the adenocacinomas than in the squamous cell carcinomas (p=0.032). 4) The incidence of nm23 protein expression was lower in the lung cancers with lymph node metastasis than in those without lymph node metastasis (p=0.026). The expression of nm23 protein between the primary lung cancers and corresponding metastatic lymph nodes showed positive correlation (Kendall's Tau-b correlation coefficient=0.47140, p=0.0068). 5) The expression of p53 was not correlated with the expression of nm23 protein (Kendall's Tau-b correlation coefficient=0.11387, p=0.2800). The above results suggest that an overexpression of p53 protein and a downregulation of nm23 protein are associated with tumor progression and metastasis in non-small-cell lung cancer.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Down-Regulation ; Incidence ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Paraffin

OBJECTIVES: Despite remarkable development of pharmacotherapy for schizophrenia, some patients continuously have had violence problems. The violence of psychotic patients is recently becoming the focus of the attention. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on patients with schizophrenia having violence related history. METHODS: 15 Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder of crime history were treated with individual CBT for 12 sessions, and assessed with 4 scales (Korean version of Aggression Questionnaire, Korean version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11-Revised, Beck Cognitive Insight Scale and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) to evaluate anger, impulse, insight and clinical symptoms respectively at baseline and post treatment. The comparison group consisted of 15 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder of crime history. They were also assessed with the same scales during the same period. RESULTS: Although impulsivity is not changed significantly after treatment, but there was significant improvement in clinical symptom, insight and aggression, especially self-reflectiveness and anger respectively. CONCLUSION: CBT can be one of the good therapeutic tools for patients with schizophrenia having violence problems in that it reduces aggression and enhances insight of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder.
Aggression ; Anger ; Case-Control Studies* ; Cognitive Therapy* ; Crime* ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Schizophrenia* ; Violence ; Weights and Measures

In order to investigate pathogenic genes and genetic relationships of Y. pseudotuberculosis strains, We isolated 9 strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis from 380 spring water sites in Seoul from 2000 to 2003. All isolates were distributed to the northeast area in Seoul. The isloates were analyzed for chromosomal virulence gene (inv) and plasmid-borne genes (yadA and lcrF) using PCR to assume pathogenicity. As a result, all isolates were positive for the inv gene, but only five isolates (55.6%) were positive for the yadA and lcrF genes. RAPD and PCR-ribotyping were tested and all isolates were grouped with 90% similarity. RAPD revealed 4 clusters and PCR-ribotyping revealed 2 clusters. The result of this experiments confirmed the view that RAPD had better powerful discrimination than PCR-ribotyping and RAPD typing was effective to distinguish between various strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis from spring water.
Discrimination (Psychology) ; Molecular Typing* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Seoul* ; Virulence ; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis* ; Yersinia*

BACKGROUND: Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most serious nosocomial infection of intensive care units. Several studies have investigated the relationship between the interval of ventilator circuit changes and the incidence of pneumonia in foreign countries, but there are no reports about it in Korea yet. So we performed this study to compare the clinical and cost impact between 3 days and 7 days interval in ventilator circuit changes. METHODS: Seoul National University Hospital is a 1,500-bed, university affiliated, tertiary and acute care hospital. All patients admitted to medical intensive care unit (MICU) and surgical intensive care unlt (SICU) between April 1, 1998 and October 31, 1998, requiring mechanical ventilation were included. Patients were divided into two groups of a-cay circuit changes and weekly changes. Daily surveillance was conducted using the criteria of VAP of the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System. Incidence of VAP and risk factors for VAP were evaluated. Standard microbiologic methods were used for the identification of clinical and environmental isolates. Statistical analysis was done by SAS Program (version 6.12), analysis of difference in variables was performed using chi-square test and t-test. Analysis of odds ratios was done with logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: VAP developed at a rate of 12.2 per 1,000 ventilator-days in the 3 days change group and 15.6 per 1,000 ventilator-days in the weekly change group (P=0.7240). The only statistically significant risk factor of VAP was duration of mechanical ventilation, The risk of VAP in patients with more than 7 days was 2.23 times higher than in patients with 7 days and below (OR; 2.2296). Estimated annual savings of nursing time by extending ventilator circuit change interval from 3 days to 7 days were 26,806 min 48 sec and estimated savings of cost by reduction of nursing times was calculated as 6,701,700 won. CONCLUSIONS: Weekly ventilator circuit changes in patients undergoing ventilation therapy in the ICU do not contribute to increased the rates of VAP and are cost-effective.
Cross Infection ; Humans ; Incidence ; Income ; Critical Care ; Intensive Care Units ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Nursing ; Odds Ratio ; Pneumonia ; Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated* ; Prospective Studies* ; Respiration, Artificial ; Risk Factors ; Seoul ; Ventilation ; Ventilators, Mechanical

OBJECTIVE: This study analyzed factors affecting feeble-mindedness or insanity following a forensic evaluation for sex offenders, and to present a scientific basis that can provide practical assistance on a responsibility evaluation of sex offenders. METHODS: This study analyzed retrospectively 180 mental appraisals on sex offenders among mental appraisals documented by one psychiatrist from June, 2012 to December, 2015 at the National Forensic Hospital. RESULTS: Of the 180 mental appraisals, 123 people (68.3%) were found to be feeble-minded or insane, and 57 people (31.7%) were considered to be sane, i.e., competent to take responsibility. The two groups were different in IQ, occupational & marital status, victim numbers, psychiatric diagnosis, and sex offender characteristics, such as violence and intrusiveness. After evaluating the influence of variables that showed significant differences between the two groups on a responsibility assessment, sex offenders with fewer invasive sex offenses (OR=1.763, p<0.05), lower IQ (OR=1.031, p<0.01), lower numbers of victims (OR=1.349, p<0.05), and higher number of mental illnesses (OR=0.507, p<0.05) were more likely found to be feeble-minded or insane. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that criminal responsibility may be intact in repeat sex offenders who commit invasive sex crimes, such as rape, and is without intellectual disability compared to other kinds of sex offenders. Subsequent research will be needed to improve the objectivity and reliability of mental appraisals on sex offenders in the future.
Crime ; Criminals* ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Marital Status ; Mental Disorders ; Psychiatry ; Rape ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Offenses ; Violence