PURPOSE: In this study, behavioral styles of Dominance, Influence, Steadiness, and Conscientiousness (DISC) were examined and differences in job satisfaction and clinical competence among newly hired nurses were explored. METHODS: For this explanatory correlational research, 176 newly hired clinical nurses were recruited from three university hospitals and one general hospital located in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. Data were collected in August, 2013 though self-report questionnaires. RESULTS: The distribution of behavioral styles was 11.4%, 42%, 29% and 17.6% for Dominance, Influence, Steadiness, and Conscientiousness respectively. DISC behavioral styles were associated with sub-areas of job satisfaction such as professional position and doctor-nurse relationship. DISC behavioral styles were significantly associated with the total score for clinical competence and sub-areas of data collection, basic nursing skills, critical thinking, education and leadership, and attitudes toward professional development and practical skills. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that DISC behavioral styles predicted clinical competence (Adj. R2=.14, F=9.42, p<.001). CONCLUSION: A focus on cultivating influential and steady behavioral styles among newly hired nurses can be helpful in improving job satisfaction and clinical competence. There is a need to improve interpersonal relationships through a deeper understanding of each person's behavioral style based on the analysis of DISC behavioral styles.
Clinical Competence ; Data Collection ; Education ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hospitals, General ; Hospitals, University ; Job Satisfaction* ; Leadership ; Linear Models ; Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul ; Thinking

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of nursing organizational culture types on innovative behavior and job embeddedness among clinical nurse. METHODS: For this study a descriptive correlational study design was used. Participants were 293 nurses who had more than one year work experience. They were recruited from two university hospitals, one in Seoul and one in Gyeonggi province in 2016. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 21.0 statistics program. RESULTS: Hierarchy-oriented culture was the highest type of organizational culture perception and innovation-oriented culture, the lowest. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that, when age and total clinical experience were adjusted for, innovation-oriented culture perception was the most significant factor influencing innovative behavior, followed by task-oriented culture and relation-oriented culture in that order (R²=.33, F=24.50, p<.001). Relation-oriented culture perception was the factor most influencing job embeddedness, followed by task-oriented culture and innovation-oriented culture in that order (R²=.48, F=55.98, p<.001). CONCLUSION: More systematic and sustained organizational efforts are required to improve the hierarchy-oriented culture highly perceived by nurses and to emphasize innovation-oriented, relation-oriented and task-oriented organizational culture to increase innovative behavior and job embeddedness among clinical nurses.
Gyeonggi-do ; Hospitals, University ; Job Satisfaction ; Linear Models ; Nursing* ; Organizational Culture* ; Seoul

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Carnosic acid (CA), found in rosemary (Rosemarinus officinalis) leaves, is known to exhibit anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory activities. However, whether its anti-inflammatory potency can contribute to the amelioration of obesity has not been elucidated. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of CA on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathways in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. MATERIALS/METHODS: 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with CA (0-20 microM) for 1 h, followed by treatment with LPS for 30 min; mRNA expression of adipokines and protein expression of TLR4-related molecules were then measured. RESULTS: LPS-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes showed elevated mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and CA significantly inhibited the expression of these adipokine genes. LPS-induced up regulation of TLR4, myeloid differentiation factor 88, TNF receptor-associated factor 6, and nuclear factor-kappaB, as well as phosphorylated extracellular receptor-activated kinase were also suppressed by pre-treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with CA. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study suggest that CA directly inhibits TLR4-MyD88-dependent signaling pathways and decreases the inflammatory response in adipocytes.
Adipocytes* ; Adipokines ; Chemokine CCL2 ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-6 ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 ; Obesity ; Phosphotransferases ; RNA, Messenger ; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6 ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Up-Regulation

A total of 47 preoperative CT scans in patients with renal cell carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed and compared with surgical findings to assess the accuracy of CT for determining the perinephric tumor extension. CT criteria for perinephric extension were hazy ill-defined tumor margin, perirenal nodule and fascial thickening. Regardless of the tumor stage, the accuracy of CT in detecting perinephric extension was 76.6%(36/47), with a sensitivity of 88.9% (16/18) and specificity of 68.9% (20/29). The cause of understaging (n=2) was microscopic infiltration of the perinephric space. The causes of overstaging were tumor infiltration to the renal capsule (n=5), partial adhesion with the perinephric fat (n=3) and renal vein thrombosis (n=1). A smooth clear tumor margin is highly reliable sign for stage I but infiltrative findings onto renal capsule and perirenal fat could be considered stage I.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Humans ; Renal Veins ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Thrombosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

A total of 47 preoperative CT scans in patients with renal cell carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed and compared with surgical findings to assess the accuracy of CT for determining the perinephric tumor extension. CT criteria for perinephric extension were hazy ill-defined tumor margin, perirenal nodule and fascial thickening. Regardless of the tumor stage, the accuracy of CT in detecting perinephric extension was 76.6%(36/47), with a sensitivity of 88.9% (16/18) and specificity of 68.9% (20/29). The cause of understaging (n=2) was microscopic infiltration of the perinephric space. The causes of overstaging were tumor infiltration to the renal capsule (n=5), partial adhesion with the perinephric fat (n=3) and renal vein thrombosis (n=1). A smooth clear tumor margin is highly reliable sign for stage I but infiltrative findings onto renal capsule and perirenal fat could be considered stage I.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Humans ; Renal Veins ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Thrombosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

In this study, we examined the hepatic anti-steatosis activity of carnosic acid (CA), a phenolic compound of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) leaves, as well as its possible mechanism of action, in a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice model. Mice were fed a HFD, or a HFD supplemented with 0.01% (w/w) CA or 0.02% (w/w) CA, for a period of 12 weeks, after which changes in body weight, blood lipid profiles, and fatty acid mechanism markers were evaluated. The 0.02% (w/w) CA diet resulted in a marked decline in steatosis grade, as well as in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index values, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IGTT) results, body weight gain, liver weight, and blood lipid levels (P < 0.05). The expression level of hepatic lipogenic genes, such as sterol regulating element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), liver-fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP), stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), and fatty acid synthase (FAS), was significantly lower in mice fed 0.01% (w/w) CA and 0.02% (w/w) CA diets than that in the HFD group; on the other hand, the expression level of beta-oxidation-related genes, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-alpha), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1), and acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO), was higher in mice fed a 0.02% (w/w) CA diet, than that in the HFD group (P < 0.05). In addition, the hepatic content of palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), and oleic acid (C18:1) was significantly lower in mice fed the 0.02% (w/w) CA diet than that in the HFD group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that orally administered CA suppressed HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and fatty liver-related metabolic disorders through decrease of de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid elongation and increase of fatty acid beta-oxidation in mice.
Acyl Coenzyme A ; Acyl-CoA Oxidase ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase ; Carrier Proteins ; Diet ; Diet, High-Fat ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; Fatty Acid Synthetase Complex ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Hand ; Homeostasis ; Insulin Resistance ; Lipogenesis ; Liver ; Mice ; Oleic Acid ; Palmitic Acid ; Phenol ; Plant Extracts ; PPAR alpha ; Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase

Coagulants have been used for a long time to promote the hemostasis during operation. We have carried out the study to see the effect of the thromboplastin preparation. Thrombokinase, on the coagulation mechanism, thrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, Ca++, and operation time and amount of bleeding in the twenty patients undergoing laminectomy or femur fracture operation. The patients were divided into two groups, in the control group(n=10), disllied water 20ml, and in the Thrombokinase group(n=10), 20ml of Thrombokinase(4 amles) was administered intravenously during 5 minutes. The results were as follows: 1) Prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time were significantly prolonged in the control group compared to the Thrombokinase group(p<0.05). 2) In the Thrombokinase group, the duration of operation was shorter and the amount of blood loss was less than in the control group, but there was no significant statistical difference(p>0.05).3) There was no change in either blood pressure or pulse rate and also no side reaction during or after the Thromobkinase injection.
Blood Coagulation* ; Blood Pressure ; Coagulants ; Factor Xa* ; Femur ; Heart Rate ; Hemorrhage ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Prothrombin Time ; Thrombin Time ; Thromboplastin* ; Water

PURPOSE: Weight gain is a known side effect of valproic acid(VPA), which is associated with change of serum total cholesterol(TC) level. However, there are controversies on the correlation between VPA and serum TC. This investigation was undertaken to evaluate the change of TC level in children with epilepsy on long-term VPA monotherapy and the related factors. METHODS: Epileptic patients on VPA monotherapy for more than one year were recruited at the Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Hospital. The body mass index (BMI) and TC before and after VPA treatment were obtained from all patients. We analyzed the change of serum TC according to dosage of VPA, serum drug level and other clinical data such as gender, age at start of treatment, type of seizure, etiology of seizure, duration of VPA medication and BMI. which could affect the serum TC. RESULTS: 82 children(49 male and 33 female) were included in this study. Mean serum TC of pre- and post-VPA medication was 153.5+/-31.0 mg/dL and 158.1+/-30.2 mg/dL(P>0.05), respectively. There were no clinically significant changes of serum TC level according to dosage of VPA, serum drug level and other clinical data such as gender, age at start of treatment, seizure type, etiology of seizure, duration of VPA medication and BMI(P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that long-term VPA medication does not affect serum TC, and overweight at pre-VPA medication is not a risk factor.
Body Mass Index ; Child ; Cholesterol ; Epilepsy ; Humans ; Male ; Overweight ; Pediatrics ; Seizures ; Valproic Acid ; Weight Gain

Many calcifications due to fat encrosis in the buttocks detected on the pelvis roentgenogram suggest that themajorityof injections intended to be intramuscular actually are delivered into fat. We measured thickness of adultgluteal fat to decide whether the injection using needle of usual length is done into fat or muscle. We measuredthe vertical thickeness of the subcutaneous fat at a point of 2-3cm above the femoral head cut slice with randomlycollected 116 cases of adults in the departement of Radiology, St.Mary's Hospital, Catholic Medical College. Wefound that 32% female cases might actually receive on intraadipose injection when a needle of maximum 3.8cm lengthis inserted into the buttock. If deposition into muscle is desirable, we need to choose needle whose length isappropriate for the site of injection and patient's deposits of fat.
Adult ; Buttocks ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Needles ; Pelvis ; Subcutaneous Fat

It is controversial whether low calcium intake, commonly associated with osteoporosis, results in calcium accumulation in soft tissues. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of low calcium (Ca) and oxalate (ox) intake on soft-tissue Ca deposits and bone metabolism in ovariectomized (ovx) rats. Eight week old female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized and divided into four groups. The rats were fed experimental diets containing low (0.1%, w/w) or normal (0.5%, w/w) Ca with or without sodium oxalate (1%, w/w); Sham/NCa, Ovx/NCa, Ovx/LCa, Ovx/NCa-ox, Ovx/LCa-ox for 6 weeks. All ovx rats showed a remarkable increase in body and tissue weight, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, alkaline phosphatase, and decreases in weight, ash, and Ca contents, as well as bone breaking force compared to those in sham rats. Serum Ca concentration was not significantly affected by dietary Ca levels or ox intake. Kidney Ca, ox acid content, and microscopic Ca deposition increased remarkably in the Ovx/LCa-ox group compared to those in the other groups. Ca content in the spleen and aorta also increased significantly, but the weight contents, Ca, bone breaking force, and Ca and oxalic acid in feces decreased significantly in the Ovx/LCa-ox group. Serum parathyroid hormone levels were not significantly different among the groups. These results indicate that low Ca intake decreased bone mineral content and increased Ca deposits in soft tissues, which was aggravated by ox intake in ovx rats. Thus, high ox intake may result in a kidney disorder in patients with osteoporosis who eat a low Ca diet.
Alanine Transaminase ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Aorta ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Bone Density ; Calcium ; Diet ; Feces ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; Osteoporosis ; Ovariectomy ; Oxalic Acid ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Salicylamides ; Spleen