No Abstract available.

BACKGROUND: Biphasic or triphasic or quadriphasic pattern of pulmonary venous flow has been described by color Doppler echocardiography in normal subjects. Absolute velocity measurements varied with the position of the probe in relation to the pulmonary vein. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the normal pulmonary venous flow pattern and compare the data according to age, body weight, height and body surface area. METHODS: 244 normal children underwent transthoracic echocardiography from December 1992 to July 1993. Age ranged from newborns to 13 years. From the apical four chamber view, pulmonary venous flow velocity and integral were obtained. RESULTS: Quadriphasic pulmonary flow pattern(early systolic flow, late systolic flow, diastolic flow, atrial reversal flow) was identified. Pulmonary venous peak flow velocity was not different according to increasement of age, body weight, height or body surface area. But pulmonic flow integral was significantly increased according as increasement of age, body weight, height, or body surface area. CONCLUSION: Transthoracic color Doppler echocardiography is a good noninvasive diagnostic tool to evaluate pulmonary venous flow pattern in children.
Body Surface Area ; Body Weight ; Child ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Pulmonary Veins

Color Doppler echocardiography was performed to evaluate pulmonary venous flow pattern at 1st~2nd day of birth in 84 fullterm newborns (36: patent ductus arteiosus, 48: closed ductus arteriosus). Aortic and pulmonic diameter, velocity and integral were estimated. The purpose of this study ascertained that patent ductus arteriousus changed the pulmonary vein velocity and flow integral. The results were as follows. 1) There was no significant difference in aortic diameter and peak velocity, but significant difference in flow integral before and after closure of ductus arteriosus. 2) There was no significant difference in pulmonic velocity and flow integral, but significant difference in diameter before and after closure of ductus arteriosus. 3) Early systolic flow velocity, late systolic flow velocity, diastolic flow velocity in pulmonary vein were higher in patent ductus arteriosus group at 1st~2nd day, but atrial reversal flow velocity was not significantly different. 4) Diastolic pulmonary venous flow integral was higher in patent ductus arteriosus group at 1st~2nd day. Thus four distinct phases(early systolic wave, late systolic wave, diastolic wave, and atrial reversal wave) were identified before and after closure of ductus arteriosus. Left to right shunt via ductus arteriosus increased systolic, diastolic pulmonic venous velocity and diastolic flow integral. We will investigate pulmonary venous flow patterns in other left to right congenital heart diseases or mitral regurgitation.
Ductus Arteriosus* ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Echocardiography, Doppler* ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Parturition ; Pulmonary Veins

No abstract available.
Child* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Heart Diseases* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Infant*

No abstract available.
Aorta* ; Blood Flow Velocity* ; Child* ; Echocardiography, Doppler* ; Humans ; Pulmonary Artery*

No abstract available.
Erythroblastosis, Fetal* ; Gene Frequency* ; Infant, Newborn

No abstract available.
Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Vaccination*

PURPOSE: Endothelin-1(ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide. It has potent contractile and proliferative effects on vascular smooth muscle cells. Congenital heart diseases are often accompanied by pulmonary hypertension, and the severity of pulmonary hypertension is important in the prognosis. The aim of this study was to elucidate changes of ET-1 after pulmonary venous stenosis in a dog model, and investigate the interaction between pulmonary venous pressure and ET-1. METHODS: Plasma ET-1 levels were measured by radioimmuno-assay at the thoracic aorta, left pulmonary artery and left pulmonary vein. Pressures were also monitored at the same sites. Immunohistochemical staining of ET-1 was performed in the lung tissue. RESULTS: Increased serum ET-1 levels were noted at 1 hour after left pulmonary vein stenosis in the left pulmonary vein and aorta, and at 2 days after stenosis in the left pulmonary artery. Left pulmonary venous pressure was significantly increased at 1 hour after pulmonary vein stenosis, and systolic pulmonary artery pressure at 2 days after stenosis. Increased expression of ET-1 was noted by immunohistochemical staining at the lung tissue at 7 days after stenosis of left pulmonary vein. CONCLUSION: Increased serum ET-1 level and expression of ET-1 in immunohistochemical staining at lung tissue were noted after stenosis of pulmonary vein. Serum ET-1 level would be useful in the diagnosis and prediction of pulmonary artery hypertension. (J Korean Pediatr Soc 2000;43:769 778)
Animals ; Aorta ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Diagnosis ; Dogs ; Endothelin-1* ; Endothelins ; Heart Diseases ; Hypertension ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Lung ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Plasma ; Prognosis ; Pulmonary Artery ; Pulmonary Veins ; Venous Pressure

The allergic skin test and RAST are used commonly to demonstrate the presence of skin sensitizing IgE antibody in the diagnosis of allergic disease. To evaluate the agreement rate and correlation between results of skin test and RAST (radioallergosorbent test) in allergic subject, 83 allergic childhood with positive skin test (bronchial asthma: 26, allergic rhinitis: 27, atopic dermatitis and urticaria: 6 bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis: 24) and 16 nonallergic childhood were studied. The results were as follows. 1) Peripheral eosinophil counts were significantly elevated in groups with bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma & allergic rhinitis except atopic dermatitis & urticaria group in comparison with normal control group. 2) Serum IgE levels were significantly higher in groups with bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma & allergic rhinitis than in normal control group except atopic dermatitis & urticaria group but there was no significant differences among study groups. 3) RAST units of D.p and D.f were significantly higher in study group except atopic dermatitis & urticaria group. RAST units of cockroach, however, were not significantly increased but in D.f, combined group of bronchial asthma & allergic rhinitis was significantly higher than bronchial asthma or allergic rhinits (p<0.05). 4) Each agreement rate between 3+ skin test and positive rate of RAST in D.p, D.f, cockroach was 37.5%, 63.6% and 12.5% respectively and 4+ skin test and positive rate of RAST was 84.0%, 89.1% and 38.4%. 5) Correlation coefficient between skin test and RAST was 0.71 in D.P, 0.59 in D.f and 0.23 in cockroach. In conclusion, there was difference in agreement rate between positive skin test and RAST to each allergen. Agreement rate between positive skin test and RAST was higher in D.p and D.f. These results suggest that RAST can be used simultaneously with skin test for detecting allergens.
Allergens ; Asthma ; Cockroaches ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Diagnosis ; Eosinophils ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Immunoglobulin E ; Rhinitis ; Skin Tests* ; Skin* ; Urticaria

Pulmonary vein velocities have recently been estimated in conjunction with mitral flow velocities to increase our understanding o ventricular filling. The advent of transesophageal echocardiography with pulsed Doppler imaging capability has provided a method by which both the mitral valve and pulmonary vein velocities can be easily recorded because of the posterior approach providing unimpeded interrogation of cardiac structures. The purpose of this present study was to evaluate the normal pulmonary venous, mitral and aortic flow pattern by transthoracic echocardiography in neonate according to the postnatal age. The results were as follows. 1) With regard to the aortic flow, the early systolic was of pulmonary flow peaked after the onset of aortic flow and the late systolic wave occured consistently before aortic valve closure. 2) The peak velocities of early systolic, late systolic, late systolic, diastolic and atrial systolic in the pulmonary venous flow were 36.4 (13.2cm/sec, 45.3 (15.3cm/sec, 48.5 (14.1cm/sec and 16.6( 5.7cm/sec at 1 day old. the difference according to the postnatal age was not significant. 3) The ratio of peak systolic to peak distolic velocity of pulmonary venous flow was 1.0( 0.3 at 1 day o1, 1.1( 0.4 at 1 week old and 1.2 (0.3 at 1 month old. The difference between old and 1 month old was statistically significant(p<0.05). 4) The peak early diastolic velocity of mitral flow was 51.3 (15.2cm/sec at 1 day old, 54.7( 13.7cm/sec at 1 week old and 80.7 (16.6cm/sec at 1 month old. The difference between 1 week old and 1month old was statistically significant(p<0.01). 5) The peak late diastolic velocity of mitral flow was 48.3 (14.6cm/sec at 1 day old, 50.1( 9.9cm/sec at 1 week old and 71.8 (16.6cm/sec at 1 month old. The difference between 1 week old and 1 month old was statistically significant(p<0.01). 6) The ratio of peak mitral early diastolic to peak late diastolic velocity was 1.1( 0.2 at 1 day old, 1.1( 0.3 at 1 week old and 1.2( 0.7at 1 month old. The difference between 1 week old and 1 month old was statistically significant(p<0.01). 7) The peak aortic valve flow velocity was 62.1 (14.2cm/sec at 1 day old, 67.8 13.4cm/sec at 1 week old and 76.6 14.1cm/sec at 1 month old. The difference between old and 1 month old was statistically significant(p<0.05). In conclusion, improvement of left ventricular diastolic function was noted at 1 month old by echocardiography. These normal data will be useful in comprisons with the data, which obtained in newborn with various congenital heart disease that affects flow dynamics.
Aortic Valve ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Doppler* ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Mitral Valve ; Pulmonary Veins