No abstract available.
Lymphocytes*

Allergic contact dermatitis to topical agents mostly results from vehicles and preservatives and rarely from the active ingredients. Ribavirin, an active ingredient of Viramid® cream, is a synthetic nucleoside derivative with broad spectrum activity against a wide variety of DNA and RNA viruses. We report an 18-year-old woman, who had a perioral edematous patch with exudative crusts after topical application of Viramid® cream (nsung pharmaceutical Co., Korea) for the treatment of herpes labiahs. A patch test showed that the sensitizer was ribavirin, the active ingredient of the antiviral agent, Viramid® cream.
Adolescent ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact* ; DNA ; Female ; Humans ; Patch Tests ; Ribavirin* ; RNA Viruses

Allergic contact dermatitis to topical agents mostly results from vehicles and preservatives and rarely from the active ingredients. Ribavirin, an active ingredient of Viramid® cream, is a synthetic nucleoside derivative with broad spectrum activity against a wide variety of DNA and RNA viruses. We report an 18-year-old woman, who had a perioral edematous patch with exudative crusts after topical application of Viramid® cream (nsung pharmaceutical Co., Korea) for the treatment of herpes labiahs. A patch test showed that the sensitizer was ribavirin, the active ingredient of the antiviral agent, Viramid® cream.
Adolescent ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact* ; DNA ; Female ; Humans ; Patch Tests ; Ribavirin* ; RNA Viruses

No abstract available.
Fetal Blood* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Insulin*

PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate preexposure prophylaxis and postexposure prophylaxis of rabies that the National Medical Center (NMC) handled and to check whether appropriate measures were performed according to the recent domestic and overseas guidelines after animal bites. METHODS: This study surveyed 41 people who were 18 years or under and received preexposure and postexposure prophylaxis of rabies at the NMC from November 2006 to December 2011. Their medical records were reviewed for their age, gender, the reason for preexposure prophylaxis, the body sites of animal bite, the kind of the animal that bit children, the region where the biting occurred and rabies vaccination and inoculation of immunoglobulin. RESULTS: Eleven children took rabies vaccination for preexposure prophylaxis and 30 children received post exposure prophylaxis of rabies. Of patients who were bitten by unvaccinated animals including wild animals or by animals which were not certain to be vaccinated, 50% (13 of 26 children) received postexposure prophylaxis, while 75% (3 of 4 children) of patients who were bitten by vaccinated animals received postexposure prophylaxis of rabies. Ten of 30 bitten patients knew whether or not the biting animals had received rabies vaccination. Of them, four people (40%) were bitten by animals which had received rabies vaccination. CONCLUSION: To prevent the occurrence of rabies, people and health care providers need to correctly understand latest guideline for rabies preexposure and postexposure prophylaxis and the information for bitten patient, biting animal and area at bitten by animal should be accurately recorded.
Animals ; Animals, Wild ; Bites and Stings ; Child ; Child Health ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Isothiocyanates ; Medical Records ; Post-Exposure Prophylaxis ; Rabies ; Vaccination

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to investigate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the patients with acute bronchiolitis who visited in 146 Emergency Departments (EDs) in Korea in 2012. METHODS: We used the NEDIS (National Emergency Department Information System) database to obtain all children with acute bronchiolitis who visited ED under the age of 3 between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2012. RESULTS: Totally 18,313 children with acute bronchiolitis were enrolled at this study. The male to female ratio was 1.55:1 and mean age was 10 months. The peak proportion was 17.3% in November during the whole year. The most common chief complaints were fever (38.5%), cough (37.4%), dyspnea (9.5%), gastrointestinal symptom (6.7%), and wheezing (2.5%). The most common accompanying disease was pneumonia (13.3%). The rate of hospital admission and intensive care unit admission were 34.5% and 0.3%, respectively. A predictor for admission via ED was respiratory difficulty. CONCLUSION: These data expand our understanding of clinical characteristics of patients with acute bronchiolitis who visited all ED in Korea in 2012.
Bronchiolitis* ; Child ; Cough ; Dyspnea ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Korea* ; Male ; Pneumonia ; Respiratory Sounds

This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of baclofen on the detrusor muscle isolated from rat. Rats (Sprague-Dawley) were sacrificed by decapitation and exsanguination. Horizontal muscle strips of 2 mm x 15mm were prepared for isometric myography in isolated muscle chamber bubbled with 95% / 5%-OZ / CO2 at 371C, and the pH was maintained at 7.4 Detrusor strips. contracted responding to the.. electrical field stimulation (EFS) by 2 Hz, 2U msec, monophasic square wave of 60 VDC. The initial peak of EFS-Induced contraction was tended to be suppresed by a,p-methylene-adenosine 5'-triphosphate (mATP), a partial agonist of purinergic receptor, and baclofen, a GABAB receptor agonist (statistically nonsignificant). The late sustained contraction by EFS was suppressed significantly (p < 0.05) by additions of atropione, a cholinergic muscarinic receptor antagonist and baclofen. The adenosine 5'-triphosphate-induced contraction was completely abolished by mA TP but not by baclofen. In the presence of atropine, the subsequent addition of acetylcholine could not contract the muscle strips: but the addition of acetylcholine in the presence of baclofen evoked a contraction to a remarkable extent.
Acetylcholine ; Adenosine ; Animals ; Atropine ; Baclofen* ; Decapitation ; Exsanguination ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Myography ; Rats* ; Receptors, Muscarinic

BACKGROUND: It is difficult to manage intractable pain from advanced carcinoma of the upper abdomen. One method used to control pain associated with these malignancies is to block the splanchnic nerve. We investigated that VAS (visual analogue scale) difference before and after splanchnic nerve block (SNB) and pain relief day. Also we studied relationship between VAS before SNB and pain relief day. METHODS: A rewiew of 70 patients who took splanchnic nerve block (SNB) from September 1994 to February 1998 was carried out to assess age, sex, primary diseases, pain sites, VAS before and after SNB, date of diagnosis, date of SNB, date of death and pain relief day, etc. RESULTS: Of 70 patients, 44 were males and the remaining 26 were females. The causes of pain were stomach cancer 28 (40%), pancreatic cancer 18 (25%), gall bladder cancer 7 (10%), hepatoma 6 (8.6%) respcectively. Average day from diagnosis to SNB was 272 and average day from diagnosis to death was 341. So, patients died on the average 69 days after they took the splanchnic nerve block in pain clinic. VAS average before SNB was 8.01 and VAS average after SNB was 3.64. Patients felt pain relief during 35 days after SNB. Pain relief day of patients who had lower VAS before SNB was longer than that of patients who had higher VAS before SNB. CONCLUSION: Early application of splanchnic nerve block will make the patients endure the cancer pain more easily.
Abdomen ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Gallbladder Neoplasms ; Humans ; Male ; Pain Clinics ; Pain, Intractable ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; Splanchnic Nerves* ; Stomach Neoplasms

PURPOSE: Considering popular use of fluoroquinolone eyedrops in Korea, it is important to know emerging resistant strain in treating infectious eye disease. We report methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus after frequent use of ofloxacin eyedrop in corneal ulcer and chronic conjunctivitis. METHODS: Four strains of ofloxacin-resistant MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus) in patients with keratitis and conjunctivitis were found in our study. One strain was detected in a patient who used ofloxacin eyedrops intermittently for the treatment of recurrent corneal erosion which resulted from a bullous keratopathy after graft failure, and the others were detected in three patients using ofloxacin eyedrops intermittently or continuously for the treatment of conjunctivitis over 1 year. RESULTS: As fluoroquinolone eyedrop has been used more frequently, it is presumed that antibiotic resistance rate of ocular strains to ofloxacin might be increased. Therefore, a careful use of topical antibiotics based on the culture and antibiotic sensitivity test should be emphasized for the successful treatment of infectious ocular diseases.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Conjunctivitis* ; Corneal Ulcer* ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Eye Diseases ; Humans ; Keratitis ; Korea ; Methicillin Resistance ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus* ; Ofloxacin ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Staphylococcus ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Transplants

Although rheumatoid arthritis has been known to be a common autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation mainly evident in diarthrodial joints, its pathogenesis remains to be clarified. In the present study, to investigate the pathogenic signaling system taken place in the rheumatoid joints, we assessed whether synovial fluid obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis contains inducers for proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23. Peritoneal macrophages isolated from IL-12/IL-23 p40-YFP reporter mice were stimulated with synovial fluid, followed by flow cytometry to screen CD11b+ and YFP-expressing cells, reflective of IL-12/IL-23 p40-producing macrophages. The expression levels of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and -4, which have a potential to mediate IL-12/IL- 23 p40 induction, were determined in synovial cells obtained from a patient with rheumatoid arthritis by RT-PCR analyses. One out of 10 synovial fluid from rheumatoid arthritis patients induced IL-12/IL-23 p40 expression, while all of 10 synovial fluid from osteoarthritis patients did not. Synoviocytes constitutively expressed Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and -4 which are candidate receptors for IL-12/IL-23 inducers. Upon LPS stimulation, the levels of TLR-2 and -4 were downregulated and upregulated, respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that some patients with rheumatoid arthritis elicit synovitis through TLR-2- and -4-mediated induction of proinflammatory cytokines IL-12 and IL-23.
Animals ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Cytokines ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluorescence* ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-12 ; Interleukin-23 ; Interleukins ; Joints ; Macrophages ; Macrophages, Peritoneal ; Mass Screening* ; Mice* ; Osteoarthritis ; Synovial Fluid* ; Synovitis ; Toll-Like Receptors