No abstract available.
Age of Onset ; Psoriasis

PURPOSE: The annual incidence of breast neoplasms continues to rise, but only a few studies on the risk factors for breast neoplasms in Korea have been conducted. The aim of this study was to analyze the risk factors of breast neoplasms in Korean women using a case-control study. METHODS: The participants in the study were 131 women diagnosed with breast neoplasms at the Department of Surgery, Chonbuk National University Hospital between April 1999 and March 2002. Individually age matched cases were used as the control group. A conditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 45.0 years, with 50.38% between 40 and 49 years. After adjustment for potential confounders, a positive family history of breast cancer and breast pain were associated with an increased risk of breast neoplasms (OR=4.916, 95% CI=1.055~22.913; OR=4.308, 95% CI=2.179~8.514). A regular breast examination was associated with breast neoplasms incidience (OR=3.543, 95% CI=1.860~6.751). However, other factors including reproductive factors, were found to exhibit no significant association with breast neoplasms. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests a family history of breast neoplasms, breast pain and a regular breast examination was associated with breast neoplasms incidence in Korean women.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Case-Control Studies* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Jeollabuk-do ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Mastodynia ; Odds Ratio ; Risk Factors*

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic gastrectomy requires a reverse-Trendelenburg position and prolonged pneumoperitoneum and it could cause significant changes in cerebral homeostasis and lead to cognitive dysfunction. We compared changes in regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2), early postoperative cognitive function and hemodynamic variables in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy with those patients that underwent conventional open gastrectomy. METHODS: Sixty patients were enrolled in this study and the patients were distributed to receive either laparoscopic gastrectomy (laparoscopy group, n = 30) or open conventional gastrectomy (open group, n = 30). rSO2, end-tidal carbon dioxide tension, hemodynamic variables and arterial blood gas analysis were monitored during the operation. The enrolled patients underwent the mini-mental state examination 1 day before and 5 days after surgery for evaluation of early postoperative cognitive function. RESULTS: Compared to baseline value, rSO2 and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension increased significantly in the laparoscopy group after pneumoperitoneum, whereas no change was observed in the open group. No patient experienced cerebral oxygen desaturation or postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Changes in mean arterial pressure over time were significantly different between the groups (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Both laparoscopic and open gastrectomy did not induce cerebral desaturation or early postoperative cognitive dysfunction in patients under desflurane anesthesia. However, rSO2 values during surgery favoured laparoscopic surgery, which was possibly related to increased cerebral blood flow due to increased carbon dioxide tension and the effect of a reverse Trendelenburg position.
Anesthesia ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Carbon Dioxide ; Gastrectomy* ; Head-Down Tilt ; Hemodynamics ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Oxygen* ; Pneumoperitoneum

PURPOSE: To analyze our quality assurance (QA) data for intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) according to treatment site and to possibly improve QA for IMRT in Hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed QA on 50 patients (head and neck, 28 patients; Breast, 14 patients; Pelvis, 8 patients) for IMRT. The calculated dose from RTP was compared with the measured value film, gamma index, and ionization chamber for dose measurement in each case. RESULTS: The point dose measurement results in 45 of 50 patients showed good agreement with the calculation dose (+/-3%). The largest error measured thus far has been 3.60%, with a mean of only -0.17% (SD, 2.25%). Each treatment site showed an error rate of -0.13% (SD, 1.93%) for head and neck cases, -0.26% (SD, 2.79%) for breast cases, and -0.24% (SD, 2.44%) for pelvis cases. The gamma index verified with the error rate of head and neck cases (6%), breast (10%), and pelvis (6%), which corresponded to a tolerance of 3 mm (3% for the head and neck, 2%, for the breast 1% for the pelvis, and 0% in the region where the isodose curve was greater than 90%. CONCLUSION: We recognize the cause of errors for each treatment site of IMRT QA and so we maximize our efforts to reduce error and increase accuracy.
Breast ; Head ; Humans ; Neck ; Pelvis

BACKGROUND: Different tidal volume (TV) settings during mechanical ventilation alter intrathoracic blood volume, and these changes could alter central venous pressure and the cross sectional area (CSA) of the right internal jugular vein (RIJV). The aim of this study was to determine the optimal TV for maximizing the CSA of the RIJV in the supine and Trendelenburg positions in anesthetized patients. METHODS: Forty patients were randomly allocated to a supine group (Group S, n = 20) or a Trendelenburg group (Group T, n = 20) by computer generated randomization. RIJV CSAs were measured repeatedly after increasing the inspiratory volume in 1 ml/kg increments from a TV of 8 ml/kg to 14 ml/kg using ultrasound images. RESULTS: Peak inspiratory pressure increased significantly on increasing TV from 11 ml/kg to 14 ml/kg and between baseline (TV 8 ml/kg) and 11 ml/kg in both groups (P < 0.05). RIJV CSA was not increased versus baseline even after TV changes in either group and no intergroup difference was found. CONCLUSIONS: TV increases do not increase the CSA of the RIJV within the TV range 8 to 14 ml/kg in the supine or 10degrees Trendelenburg position.
Blood Volume ; Central Venous Pressure ; Head-Down Tilt ; Humans ; Jugular Veins* ; Random Allocation ; Respiration, Artificial ; Tidal Volume* ; Ultrasonography

Ibandronate (a bisphosphonate) is commonly used as an treatment of osteoporosis in combination with vitamin D. Monthly DP-R206-a novel, fixed-dose combination tablet (150 mg ibandronate/24,000 IU vitamin D3)-was recently developed to enhance patient compliance. This open, randomized, two-period crossover study was conducted to compare the pharmacokinetics of ibandronate when administered as DP-R206 or 150 mg ibandronate to healthy adult volunteers. Each volunteer was randomly allocated to receive single-dose DP-R206 or ibandronate with a 28-day washout period between treatments. Blood samples were assessed using pharmacokinetic analysis. Plasma ibandronate concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Safety and tolerability assessments were performed throughout the study. In total, 103 participants received the study drugs and 72 participants completed the study. The geometric mean ratios (DP-R206/ibandronate) of the maximum concentration (C(max)) and the area under the plasma concentration time curve from time zero to the last concentration (AUC(last)) values were 0.959 (90% CI: 0.820-1.120) and 0.924 (90% CI: 0.805-1.060), respectively. The frequencies of adverse events (AEs) and drug reactions were similar between treatment groups, and all AEs were recovered without sequalae. Ibandronate pharmacokinetics, tolerability, and safety are comparable when administered to healthy individuals, regardless if administered as DP-R206 or ibandronate.
Adult* ; Cross-Over Studies ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; Osteoporosis ; Patient Compliance ; Pharmacokinetics ; Plasma ; Vitamin D ; Vitamins* ; Volunteers

PURPOSE: This integrative review was done to explore trends in mental health nursing research on women in terms of a research paradigm, life-cycles of the women, and mental health concepts. METHODS: n this study an examination was done of the literature on mental health of women described in nursing research published in major Korean nursing journal databases from 2000 to 2012. The Journal of Child Health Nursing was excluded. The MeSH search terms included 'nursing' and 'woman' and 282 articles were included in the final review. RESULTS: Postpositivism was the most predominantly used paradigm. Middle aged women were studied more often and older and reproductive aged women were less likely to be studied compared to their percentage of the total population. Researchers focused most on depression, followed by sleep disorders and anxiety disorders. CONCLUSION: The study results indicate a need for rmfjtunursing researchers to utilize various research paradigms when conducting nursing research and demonstrate paradigm utility. Researchers should also pay more attention to older and reproductive aged women, and to anxiety disorders.
Anxiety Disorders ; Child ; Child Health ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Mental Health* ; Middle Aged ; Nursing Research ; Nursing* ; Sleep Wake Disorders

A 70-year-old woman with an infectious thrombus in her left internal jugular vein (IJV) underwent carotid endarterectomy for stenosis and a highly movable plaque in her right carotid artery. She had been treated with antibiotics for four weeks before surgery due to Lemierre syndrome, a rare septic thrombophlebitis in the IJV secondary to an oropharyngeal infection. The right IJV was in a two-fold dilated state due to compensation for a thrombotic left IJV. Accordingly, superficial cervical plexus block was performed under ultrasound guidance to ensure safety and accuracy. During surgery, the alertness was maintained and the patient did not complain of pain in the absence of additional analgesics. No block-related complications were encountered. The authors report for the first time their regional anesthetic experiences in a patient with Lemierre syndrome.
Aged ; Analgesics ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Carotid Arteries ; Cervical Plexus Block* ; Cervical Plexus* ; Compensation and Redress ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Endarterectomy, Carotid* ; Female ; Humans ; Jugular Veins ; Lemierre Syndrome* ; Thrombophlebitis ; Thrombosis ; Ultrasonography

Although the incidence of extrapyramidal reactions associated with metoclopramide has been reported to be approximately 0.2%, such reactions are rare in the anesthetic field. Several anesthetic adjuvants, including ondansetron and pregabalin, have also been associated with extrapyramidal side effect. Here, the authors report the case of a 47-year-old patient, previously administered pregabalin and ondansetron, who developed extrapyramidal side effects after a single injection of metoclopramide (10 mg) in a post-anesthesia care unit.
Adjuvants, Anesthesia ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; Humans ; Incidence ; Metoclopramide ; Middle Aged ; Ondansetron ; Pregabalin

PURPOSE: Incidental resection of parathyroid gland is not uncommon during thyroid surgery and may occur even in experienced thyroid surgeons. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, risk factors, and clinical relevance of incidental parathyroidectomy during thyroid surgery. METHODS: A retrospective review of patients who underwent thyroid surgery between January and December 2008 was carried out. Pathologic reports were reviewed for the presence of parathyroid tissue in resected thyroid specimen. Two groups of patients were studied: a group with incidental parathyroidectomy (Group A) and without incidental parathyroidectomy (Group B). RESULTS: Three hundred and thirty-four thyroid surgery were performed: 194 total thyroidectomies, 18 near- or subtotal thyroidectomies, 44 lobectomies, 23 endoscopic total thyroidectomies, 55 endoscopic lobectomies. Of these, 265 patients (79.3%) were preformed for malignant disease. Incidental parathyroidectomy occurred in 30.5% (102/334) of thyroid surgery. Risk factors for incidental parathyroidectomy included malignant pathology (P<0.001), operation method (P<0.001), lymph node dissection (P<0.001), and extrathyroidal invasion (P=0.001). Biochemical hypocalcemia was defined as a serum calcium levels less than 8.4 mg/dL. Symptomatic hypocalcemia was defined as patient had tingled sense or spasm of muscle and need to add more calcium replacement. In group A, 86 patients (93.5%) had a biochemical hypocalcemia (P=0.001). Symptomatic hypocalcemia developed in 35.3% (36/102) of group A, compared to 20.7% (48/232) in group B (P=0.005). CONCLUSION: Malignant pathology, total thyroidectomy, lymph node dissection, and extrathyroidal invasion were associated with a significantly higher risk of incidental parathyroidectomy during thyroid surgery. Incidental parathyroidectomy resulted in biochemical and symptomatic postoperative hypocalcemia. This study suggests that incidental parathyroidectomy may be a potential complication; therefore, parathyroid glands should be identified and preserved with more meticulous inspection during thyroid surgery.
Calcium ; Humans ; Hypocalcemia ; Incidence ; Lymph Node Excision ; Methods ; Parathyroid Glands ; Parathyroidectomy* ; Pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Spasm ; Surgeons ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroidectomy