BACKGROUND: Acne vulgaris has been linked to the Western diet. Hyperglycemic diet increases insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1. Deeper insights into IGF-1-mediated signal pathway are critical importance to understand the impact of Western diet. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effect of IGF-1 on the expression of inflammatory biomarkers and sebum production in cultured sebocytes. METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed to measure changes in the expression of inflammatory biomarkers including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), IGF1R, IGFBP2, sterol response element-binding protein (SREBP), and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha (PI3KCA) after the treatment of cultured sebocytes with 10⁻⁷ M or 10⁻⁵ M IGF-1. Sebum production was evaluated after the treatment of cultured sebocytes with 10⁻⁷ M or 10⁻⁵ M IGF-1 using lipid analysis. RESULTS: The expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in cultured sebocytes after treatment with 10⁻⁷ M or 10⁻⁵ M IGF-1 were increased. Increased gene expression levels of NF-κB in cultured sebocytes were also shown after 10⁻⁷ M or 10⁻⁵ M IGF-1 treatments. Gene expression of these inflammatory biomarkers was decreased after 10⁻⁷ M or 10⁻⁵ M IGF-1 treatment in the presence of 100 nM NF-κB inhibitor. Treatment with 10⁻⁷ M or 10⁻⁵ M IGF-1 increased the gene expression levels of IGF1R, IGFBP2, SREBP and PI3KCA in cultured sebocytes. Sebum production from cultured sebocytes treated with 10⁻⁷ M or 10⁻⁵ M IGF-1 was also increased. CONCLUSION: It is suggestive that IGF-1 might be involved in the pathogenesis of acne by increasing both expression of inflammatory biomarkers and also sebum production in sebocytes.
Acne Vulgaris ; B-Lymphocytes ; Biomarkers* ; Catalytic Domain ; Diet ; Diet, Western ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Gene Expression ; Insulin ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Interleukin-6 ; Interleukin-8 ; Interleukins ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sebum* ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy with topical delta-5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has been introduced for effective treatment of facial acne. Topical routes for ALA have been explored via a photosensitizer delivery system. OBJECTIVE: We performed this study to evaluate absorption of liposome ALA (Lipo-ALA) into the sebocytes of cultured sebaceous glands and hair organs. METHODS: We cultured KGM sebocytes that were derived from human sebaceous glands. In addition, we cultured William E media pilosebaceous hair units that were isolated from the occipital scalp. Lipo-ALA (10 microgram/ml) and ALA (10 microgram/ml) were added to the 1 ml KGM containing sebocytes for 24 hours and the 1 ml William E media containing pilosebaceous hair units for 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively. RESULTS: Absorption of Lipo-ALA into the sebocytes of cultured sebaceous gland and hair organs was higher than that of ALA. CONCLUSION: Lipo-ALA may be considered as an effective photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy for facial acne.
Absorption ; Acne Vulgaris ; Hair* ; Humans ; Liposomes* ; Photochemotherapy ; Scalp ; Sebaceous Glands

No abstract available.
Biomarkers* ; Magnesium* ; Propionibacterium acnes* ; Propionibacterium*

No abstract available.
Lasers, Solid-State* ; Melanocytes* ; Nevus*

No abstract available.
Biomarkers* ; Propionibacterium acnes* ; Propionibacterium* ; Vitamin D* ; Vitamins*

No abstract available.
Biomarkers* ; Propionibacterium acnes* ; Propionibacterium* ; Vitamin D* ; Vitamins*

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) is widely performed for acne, little is known about its exact therapeutic mechanism. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to estimate the efficacy and safety of PDT on acne and to discover its mode of action. METHODS: We performed PDT on 12 patients with mild to moderate acne. The clinical efficacy was assessed by counting the acne lesions and measuring the sebum secretion before and after PDT. In addition, we took biopsy samples from the peri-lesional areas before and after 3-session of PDT. To examine the degree of apoptosis of the sebaceous follicles, TUNEL assay was performed. To investigate the changes of toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and TLR-4 expression after PDT, immunohistochemical stainings were also carried out. Finally, we performed TUNEL assay using the cultured sebocytes to confirm the apoptosis of sebocytes in vitro after PDT. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in the number of inflammatory acne lesions after PDT, compared to baseline (p<0.05). Sebum excretion significantly decreased 2 weeks after the first PDT session except for one patient (p<0.05). The TUNEL positive cells in the peri-lesional sebaceous glands after PDT markedly increased, compared with those of before PDT. A decrease in TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression by sebaceous glands and epidermis after PDT was 50% and 30%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that apoptosis of the sebaceous glands is associated with improvement of acne by PDT. PDT has shown to down-regulate TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression in the sebaceous glands and epidermis of acne patients.
Acne Vulgaris ; Apoptosis ; Biopsy ; Epidermis ; Humans ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Photochemotherapy ; Sebaceous Glands ; Sebum ; Toll-Like Receptors ; Triazenes