The aim of this study was to characterize the morphology of a polycystic kidney which was found in 100% of the transgenic mice homozygous for inv mutation and to gain insight into the pathogenesis of inherited polycystic kidney disease during the pre- and postnatal periods. The fetal and postnatal kidneys from the homozygous and heterozygous transgenic mice were examined by the light, transmission and scanning electron microscopes, image analyzer, and an immunohistochemistry utilizing the antibodies specific for each segment of the renal tubules (Tetragonolobus purpureas, Arachis hypogaea, Tamm-Horsfall protein, AE1/AE3, EMA, vimentin, Phaseolus vulgaris) was performed to determine the site of origin of renal cysts. Two developmental phases of a cystic disease were identified. The first phase, seen in fetal kidneys, was characterized by dilatation mainly of the proximal tubules and a few distal tubules. The later phase, in postnatal period, was characterized by progressive enlargement of the kidneys due to mainly cystic change of the collecting ducts, which distorted the normal architecture of both cortex and medulla and almost completely replaced the renal parenchyma. The cystic dilatation involved all segments of the nephron and the collecting duct as well as the Bowman's spaces of glomeruli. The epithelial cell hyperplasia was found as a micropolyp formation within the renal cysts and an increase in PCNA positive cells. These findings suggest that a cyst is not simply a ballooning of a renal tubule and the stretching of cells, formerly thought to be due to an altered compliance of an abnormal basement membrane, but indeed the result of increased numbers of tubular epithelial cells.
Animals ; Antibodies ; Arachis ; Basement Membrane ; Compliance ; Dilatation ; Epithelial Cells ; Hyperplasia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kidney ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic* ; Microscopy, Electron ; Nephrons ; Phaseolus ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases* ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Uromodulin ; Vimentin

No abstract available.
Compliance* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Compliance* ; Humans

Purpose: This study aims to explore mothers’ experiences of anger while raising a child in South Korea based on a qualitative descriptive approach. Methods: A total of ten mothers of children aged 1-3 years participated in the study. In-depth individual interviews were conducted from August to September 2019 to collect data, which were then subjected to thematic analysis. Results: A total of 4 main themes and 10 subthemes were identified. The 4 themes were “individual and environmental factors that influence anger,” “a vicious cycle of anger expression and guilt,” “being a little bit more mature as a mother,” and “need for anger management.” This study described various causes, ways of expressing, and effects of anger, as well as the mother’s coping strategies. These experiences were viewed as milestones along the journey to becoming a real parent and helped mothers develop empathy for other children and mothers. The participants expressed support for expanding the social support system for child-rearing and providing psychological programs for mothers. Conclusion Mothers of children aged 1-3 years experienced anger owing to various factors, but adapted by developing coping skills. This study recommends family-based support interventions to help mothers manage their emotions and parenting roles.

MR imaging of the brain in 34 patients were reviewed to characterize the MR findings of brain damage due to perinatal hypoxic insult All the patients had a history of perinatal hypoxia and showed abnormal brain MR findings. Out of 34, eight infants were born premature and twenty-six were born at term or post-term. MR findings were analysed for the extent and location of abnormalities of the white matter, cortical abnormality. Corpus callosum atrophy, and abnormal progression of myelination. The major abnormalities were abnormal signal lesions or atrophy of the cerebral white matter and gyral atrophy of the cerebral cortex. The distribution of white matter lesions well correlated with maturity of the brain at the time of hypoxic insult. Periventricular and deep white matter lesions predominated in the premature-born patients. Corpus callosum atrophy was frequently seen. Reflecting the location of white matter injury. Delay in myelination was present in 55%. MR is a very useful diagnostic imaging modality and guide for the prediction of prognosis by accurate depiction of the location and extent of brain damage due to perinatal hypoxic insult.
Anoxia* ; Atrophy ; Brain* ; Cerebral Cortex ; Corpus Callosum ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Humans ; Infant ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Myelin Sheath ; Prognosis ; White Matter

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the paternal stress and nursing support as perceived by fathers of high risk infants admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU). METHODS: The study participants included 88 fathers of high risk infants in NICUs. Their parental stress and nursing support were measured using a self-report questionnaire. RESULTS: The parental stress level of the fathers was 3.57 of a possible 5. Among the parental stress items, 'Relationship with infant and parental role' had the highest scores. The perceived nursing support level was a relatively high, 3.90 on a 5-point scale. The lowest score was for the item 'showed concern about my well-being.' The parental stress was lower in fathers with low income, higher in fathers in nuclear families and when the infants' condition was serious. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that fathers of high risk infants experience intense parental stress. Thus when designing care to provide support for these fathers and their infants, it is necessary to encourage the fathers' engagement, provide information on how to respond to the baby, and include supportive care to the fathers.
Fathers* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Nuclear Family ; Nursing* ; Parents*

PURPOSE: To investigate factors that may affect the method of feeding among preterm infants at 4 weeks after discharge. METHODS: This study included 222 mother-infant dyads born before a gestational age of 37 weeks. The feeding method and general medical characteristics of the participants were assessed at 4 weeks after discharge using a structured questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to examine which factors were associated with breastfeeding at home. RESULTS: Of the 222 infants who qualified for the study, 71 (32.9%) continued to receive breastmilk at 4 weeks post-discharge. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that breastfeeding at 4 weeks post-discharge was associated with higher breastfeeding self-efficacy, vaginal delivery (experience), direct breastfeeding in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), gestational age between 30 and 34 weeks, and breastmilk consumption in the NICU. The following factors were associated with mixed feeding at 4 weeks post-discharge: being employed, having higher breastfeeding self-efficacy, and direct breastfeeding in the NICU. CONCLUSION: NICU nurses should provide opportunities for direct breastfeeding during hospitalization and support breastfeeding to enhance breastfeeding self-efficacy. These factors may help to ensure the continuation of breastfeeding after discharge. Moreover, factors that affect breastfeeding should be considered when providing interventions.
Breast Feeding ; Feeding Methods ; Gestational Age ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Formula ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Logistic Models ; Methods* ; Patient Discharge ; Premature Birth

PURPOSE: This study is to define the structural patterns of pregnancy motivation of married women. METHOD: Q-methodology was used on 110 statements collected from interviews with women and a literature review. 38 Q-samples were selected. The Q-samples were administerd to 30 randomized P-sample. RESULT: Data analysis of Q-type obtained by QUANL program shows three types of subjectivity in the perception of pregnancy motivation. Type 1, "Family-connection strengthening", Pregnancy motivation is characterized by the tendency to make home, to tie family member, to connect couple firmly. Type 2,"Self-satisfaction", Women of this type take pleasure and happiness from child rearing in terms of being a mother and having maternal affection. Type 3, "Self-centered", This type of pregnancy motivation puts on high emphasis on self achievement and they make a family planning suitable for the maternal role. CONCLUSION: The stronger was women's pregnancy motivation, the more positive were women's pregnancy experience and maternal role attainment. Therefore, When nurses take care of pregnancy women, they should understand the women's psycho-social aspects and then apply a program of nursing intervention to the pregnant women, It is necessary to continue to study on social and psychological problems related to pregnancy.
Child ; Child Rearing ; Family Planning Services ; Female ; Happiness ; Humans ; Korea* ; Mothers ; Motivation* ; Nursing ; Pleasure ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnant Women ; Statistics as Topic

No abstract available.
Diskectomy*

Lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells have been characterized in mouse as a key cell when secondary lymphoid tissues are organized during development and memory T cells are formed after birth. In addition to their involvement in adaptive immune responses, recent studies show that they contribute to innate immune responses by producing large amount of interleukin (IL)-22 against microbial attack. Here, we compare IL-22-producing LTi and LTi-like cells in human and mouse and discuss their heterogeneity in different tissues.
Animals ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Interleukins ; Lymphoid Tissue ; Memory ; Mice ; Parturition ; Population Characteristics ; T-Lymphocytes