PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to compare dietary habits, perception, and consumption frequency of fast foods between part-time working youths at fast food restaurants and those at other food-related services. METHODS: The study subjects were part-time working youths in 13 fast food restaurants (n = 118) and in 25 other places including bakeries, cafes, convenience stores, and other restaurants (n = 115) in Cheongju. Demographic characteristics, dietary habits, perception regarding fast foods, and consumption frequencies of food groups and fast foods were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: Female youths working at fast food restaurants had unhealthier dietary habits, such as meal skipping and night snacking compared to those working at other places. Consumption frequencies of fruits in males and beans/bean products in females working at fast food restaurants were significantly lower than those working at other places. Perception score on fast foods was significantly lower in males working at fast food restaurants than in males working at other places. However, the consumption frequencies of hamburgers, pizzas, and a total of six fast foods among both males and females working at fast food restaurants were significantly higher than those working at other places after adjusting for confounding variables including age, status, type of residence, allowance, alcohol, smoking, working hours, and hourly pay. CONCLUSION: Part-time working youths at fast food restaurants had worse dietary habits, such as meal skipping and night snacking, and consumed fast foods more frequently than those working at other places. Interventions for part-time working youths at fast food restaurants may be needed in order to reduce fast food consumption and increase the intake of fruits and vegetables.
Adolescent* ; Chungcheongbuk-do ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Fast Foods* ; Female ; Food Habits* ; Fruit ; Humans ; Male ; Meals ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Restaurants* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Snacks ; Vegetables

The purpose of this study was to examine the donators' characteristics and donative foods of both government-dominant and non-governmental food bank program, to understand the problems and benefits of food bank program, and to find the solutions to activate food bank program. The questionnaires were distributed to 120 food bank operators and 3 donators were selected from each food bank for the survey from April 2002 to May 2002. 118 sheets (32.8%) from government-dominant food bank and 53 sheets (20.1%) from non-governmental food bank were collected. The main results of this study were as follows: The largest donators to either government-dominant or non-governmental food bank programs were bakery and confectionery companies 31.4% and 45.3% respectively. The majority of donated foods were "goods in stock" (55.6%) and frequency of donation were largely on a daily basis (27.1% for government-dominant and 22.6% for non-governmental). Some of the donators who had more donative food did not donate, and the reasons were closeness to expiration date of food (67.3%), lack of legal protection in the event of food poisoning (54.5%), and poor public image of food related accidents (52.3%).
Foodborne Diseases

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effects of an educational program based on mobile SMS and counseling for colonoscopy in elderly people. Methods: The study utilized a non-equivalent control group with a non-synchronized design as a quasiexperimental research. The study subjects consisted of 72 elderly people (36 elderly people in the experimental group and 36 in the control group). Among the subjects, 49 were male (68.1%) and 23 were female (31.9%), and the age was 69.04± 6.14 years. Fortyfive subjects (62.5%) answered that they had underlying diseases, eight subjects (11.1%) had a family history of colon disease, and 61 subjects (84.7%) had undergone a colonoscopy. The experimental group was provided with an educational program based on mobile SMS and counseling when three days and one day before the test. The control group received verbal explanations using information sheet. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Chi-squares test, and the independent t-test with SPSS/WIN 21.0. Results Significant differences were found in bowel cleanliness scores (t= 3.60, p= .003) between the groups. No significant differences were seen between the groups in the sedation drug dosage (propofol (t= 1.02, p= .730), midazolam (t= 0.66, p= .380)) and time for colonoscopy (t= 1.08, p= .235). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, an educational program based on mobile SMS and counseling for colonoscopy was proposed as an educational program before colonoscopy.

Although the incidence of extrapyramidal reactions associated with metoclopramide has been reported to be approximately 0.2%, such reactions are rare in the anesthetic field. Several anesthetic adjuvants, including ondansetron and pregabalin, have also been associated with extrapyramidal side effect. Here, the authors report the case of a 47-year-old patient, previously administered pregabalin and ondansetron, who developed extrapyramidal side effects after a single injection of metoclopramide (10 mg) in a post-anesthesia care unit.
Adjuvants, Anesthesia ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; Humans ; Incidence ; Metoclopramide ; Middle Aged ; Ondansetron ; Pregabalin

A 34-year-old female underwent emergency cesarean section with general anesthesia. The patient was a para 1-0-0-1, referred at 39 weeks in labor with known severe aortic stenosis due to a bicuspid aortic valve. She has been treated with digoxin and furosemide for 5 years. At first, she tried a normal spontaneous vaginal delivery, but dyspnea was aggravated during delivery, so an emergency operation was decided. Anesthesia was induced using ketamine 80 mg, fentanyl 50 microgram and vecuronium 6 mg and maintained with 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen. After fetal delivery and infusion of oxytocin, the systolic blood pressure decreased to 60 mmHg or less, so we injected phenylephrine 100 microgram bolus. However, the blood pressure did not increase, so we injected phenylephrine continuously ( 0.5 microgram/kg/ min). One month postpartum, echocardiography was done. The left ventricle-aortic pressure gradient was 140 mmHg, so the cardiologist recommended an aortic valve replacement operation. She refused the operation and has been medicated with digoxin and furosemide up to date.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Aortic Valve ; Aortic Valve Stenosis* ; Bicuspid ; Blood Pressure ; Cesarean Section* ; Digoxin ; Dyspnea ; Echocardiography ; Emergencies* ; Female ; Fentanyl ; Furosemide ; Humans ; Ketamine ; Nitrous Oxide ; Oxygen ; Oxytocin ; Phenylephrine ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Vecuronium Bromide

No abstract available.
Occupational Health*

PURPOSE: Tetanus is difficult for emergency physician to diagnosis at an early stage because of its low incidence and atypical initial clinical features. Therefore, we reviewed the clinical features of 54 tetanus cases and attempted to identify factors associated with prognosis in order to improve early diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective chart review of 54 adult tetanus patients who presented to the ED of Chonnam National University Hospital between January 1996 and December 2005. We collected information on demographics, SAPS II score, clinical feature, course of infection and prognosis. We divided the patients to two groups according to the survival and compared their data statistically. RESULTS: Fifty four patients, 33 men and 21 women, were included in the study. The mean age was 50.97+/-15.95. The most common initial diagnosis in ED were electrolyte imbalance (n=15), neck and facial dystonia (n=9). The mean incubation period was 10.27+/-6.47 days. The initial SPAS II score 17.29+/-8.45 and the Wood score was 3.12 +/-1.47. Most commonly symptom was dyspnea and dysarthria. Twenty one patients were supported by mechanical ventilation, and the duration of mechanical ventilation was 5.92+/-4.52 days. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, four variables were found to be associated with the prognosis: incubation period, Wood score, Time interval from initial symptom to mechanical ventilation, initial SAPS II. CONCLUSION: Four variables correlated well with the prognosis: Incubation period, Wood score, Time interval from initial symptom to mechanical ventilation, initial SAPS II score.
Adult ; Demography ; Diagnosis ; Dysarthria ; Dyspnea ; Dystonia ; Early Diagnosis ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Jeollanam-do ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Neck ; Prognosis ; Respiration, Artificial ; Retrospective Studies ; Tetanus* ; Wood

A new stereoisomeric monoterpene glycoside and five already-known compounds were isolated from the n-BuOH soluble fraction of Clematis heracleifolia leaves. On the basis of spectral data, the structures of the isolated compounds were identified as protocatechuic acid (1), ferulic acid (2), caffeic acid (3), aesculin (4), (6Z)-9-hydroxylinaloyl glucoside (5), and 9-hydroxylinaloyl glucoside (6) and these were isolated for the first time from this plant. Among these compounds, (6Z)-9-hydroxylinaloyl glucoside (5) is a newly isolated from plant source.
Clematis* ; Esculin ; Plants ; Stereoisomerism*

The purpose of this study is to investigate the dietary intakes and nutritional status in total gastrectomized patients. We assessed the nutritional status by dietary intake, anthropometric data and biochemical data. And we also checked the subjective postprandial symptoms and gastrofiberscopy to detect the reflux esophagitis in 22 patients who were free of tumors for more than 1 year after total gastrectomy by the three different reconstruction methods(Loop esophagojejunostomy with A-loop tie/ Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy/Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy with Paulino pouch). Any patients were not in malnutrition status in respect to biochemical data. By assessing the dietary intake, the average daily calorie intake was 1848.2+/-440.2kcal, it was 105.9+/-23.8% of energy requirement. But there was weight loss in 21 patients of 22 patients after operation and the weight loss was 12.8% of preoperative weight(61.0+/-7.9 vs. 53.5+/-6.7kg, preoperatively vs. at the time of study). This may suggest that continuous nutritional care is necessary after total gastrectomy to promote sufficient calorie intake, keeping good nutritional state. There were no significant differences between the methods of reconstruction and dietary intakes or nutritional status. Endoscopic esophagitis was more frequently found in patients of loop esophagojejunostomy than any other reconstruction methods(p<0.001), but it didn't show any effect on the dietary intakes.
Esophagitis ; Esophagitis, Peptic ; Gastrectomy* ; Humans ; Malnutrition ; Nutritional Status* ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Weight Loss

Hesperidin, which is the most abundant flavonoid of Citrus unshiu (Rutaceae), has been reported to possess diverse activities and widely used as functional foods and cosmetics. For the development of functional products, extraction procedure is indispensable. Extraction conditions affect the composition of extract as well as its biological activity. Therefore, we tried to optimize extraction conditions such as extraction solvent, extraction time and extraction temperature for maximum yield of hesperidin using response surface methodology with threelevel-three-factor Box-Behnken design (BBD). Regression analysis showed a good fit of the experimental data and the optimal condition was obtained as ethanol concentration, 59.0%; temperature 71.5degrees C and extraction time, 12.4 h. The hesperidin yield under the optimal condition was found to be 287.8 microg per 5 mg extract, which was well matched with the predicted value of 290.5 microg. These results provides optimized extraction condition for hesperidin and might be useful for the development of hesperidin as functional products like health supplements, cosmetics and medicinal products.
Citrus* ; Ethanol ; Functional Food ; Hesperidin*