Bcl-2 family plays an important role in cell apoptosis pathway. The ratio of pro-apoptosis members and anti-apoptosis members closely correlates with tumorigenesis, tumor radiosensitivity and progno-sis. Recent years ,according to the correlation of Bcl-2 family and tumor radiosensitivity, many researchers want to find new therapeutic strategies that target Bcl-2 in clinical radiotherapy.

Objective To investigate the anti-tumor pathway and the effect of recombinant E.coli. LLO/OVA in C57BL/6 mice. Methods Magnetic sorting of splenic CD11c, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell from immunized mice with E.coli. LLO/OVA and E.coli. OVA vaccination were performed. In addition, the lymphocytes mixed reaction and IL-2 and IFN-? in the supernatant were detected. The percentage of OVA257-264 SIINFEKL specific CD8+ T cell were checked by flow cytometry. B16-OVA melanoma protection and inhibition response in E.coli. vaccinated mice were compared. Results Compared to E.coli. OVA, E.coli. LLO/OVA-vaccinated splenic CD11c cells stimulated proliferation of autogenic CD4+ T cells and IL-2 production of these cells. CD11c cells induced autogenic CD8+T cells proliferation and IFN-? secretion. A great number of OVA257-264 SIINFEKL-specific splenic CD8+ T cells were induced and the number of lung tumor nodules was significantly reduced in E.coli. LLO/OVA vaccinated mice. Conclusion Recombinant LLO, as an effective adjuvant of E.coli. OVA, can induce murine splenic CD11c cells activation and play potential roles on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells proliferation and IL-2 and IFN-? secretion of these cells, induce more OVA-specific CD8+ T cells and stimulate stronger tumor inhibition in vivo of vaccinated C57BL/6 mice.

Recent studies have indicated that miRNA is an important element that regulates gene expression at the post transcriptional level. MiRNAs play important roles in development and progression of chronic disorders of many organs. This. review summarizes the recent researches on the association of miRNA with chronic liver diseases.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether taurine had retinal neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced excitototxicity, especially in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) damage in adult rat. Methods: We used a rat model of retinal glutamate excitotoxicity induced by intravitreal injection of 40 nmol glutamate in one eye. The retinal damage was evaluated by counting the number of cells in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) in flat mount preparations of whole retinas, examining the a- and b-waves in the electroretinogram (ERG), hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and observing ultrastructure of retinas. Results: After intravitreal injection of glutamate, thinning of inner retinal layers, smaller a- and b-waves in the ERG were observed, and degenerative changes were observed in inner nuclear layer and RGCs by electron microscopy. These damages could be prevented by 25mg/kg bw taurine (intraperitoneal injection). 5mg/kg taurine had unremarkable effect. In animals that received intravitreal injection of glutamate, there was significant reduction (53%) in total cell numbers in GCL, with 75% reduction in RGCs. 25mg/kg bw taurine-treated animals showed a significant reduction in glutamate- induced RGCs loss. Conclusion:Repeated application of taurine can prevent glutamate-induced retinal neuronal cell damage, especially in RGCs and retinal functional damage in rats.

Objective To investigate the effects of taurine treatment on retina ultrastructure and glutamate receptor GLAST mRNA expression in diabetic rat.Methods Diabetic rats were fed with 1.2% taurine for 3 months.Reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) were employed to detect the expression of GLAST mRNA.Changes of retinal ultrastructure of rats were observed with transmission electronic microscope. Results From the first to the third month,the(mRNA) expression of GLAST gradually decreased in diabetic rat retina.Taurine could up-regulate the expression in this period.Membrane disc arrange was disordered and mitochondria swelled in STZ diabetic rat retina,which were ameliorated after taurine treatment.Conclusion Taurine can up-regulate the mRNA expression of GLAST and restrain excitotoxicity of glutamate.These observations suggest that taurine may play a role of nerve protection.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) with different frequencies in treating migraine.Methods: Ninety patients with migraine were divided into a low frequency electroacupuncture (LF-EA) group, a high frequency electroacupuncture (HF-EA) group and a variable frequency electroacupuncture (VF-EA) group by the random number table method. Shuaigu (GB 8), Hegu (LI 4), Waiguan (TE 5), Taichong (LR 3), Taiyang (EX-HN 5), Fengchi (GB 20) and Ashi points were selected for all three groups. After achieving needling sensation (Deqi), the LF-EA group received 2 Hz continuous wave EA stimulation; the HF-EA group received 100 Hz continuous wave EA stimulation, and the VF-EA group received 2 Hz/100 Hz sparse-dense wave EA stimulation. The EA stimulation lasted for 30 min in all the three groups, once a day, 10 times as a course, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated after 2 consecutive courses of treatment. Results: After treatment, the total effective rates in the LF-EA group, HF-EA group and VF-EA group were 77.7％, 83.3％ and 93.3％, respectively. The difference in total effective rate between the LF-EA and HF-EA groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05), but the total effective rate was significantly higher in the VF-EA group than in the LF-EA and HF-EA groups (both P<0.01). After treatment, the headache scores significantly decreased in all three groups (all P<0.01). The difference in headache score between the LF-EA and HF-EA groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05), while the score was significantly lower in the VF-EA group than in the LF-EA and HF-EA groups (both P<0.01). Conclusion: VF-EA (2 Hz/100 Hz), compared with LF-EA (2 Hz) and HF-EA (100 Hz), shows superior clinical efficacy in treating migraine.

Objective To explore the effects of acute hypoxia on the expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA in the rat hypothalamus. Methods A total of 78 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 13 groups ( n =6 in each group): control group and 12 experimental groups. Rats in the experimental groups were exposed to hypoxia in the hypobaric chamber simulating the altitudes of 3 000, 4 000, 5 000, and 6 000 m for 1, 2, and 3 d, respectively. The expression of NPY mRNA in the rat hypothalamus under the condition of acute hypoxia was detected by semi quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR). Results ① Expression of NPY mRNA was detected in the rat hypothalamus in the experimental groups and the control group. ② Under the condition of acute hypoxia for the same time, the expression of NPY mRNA in the rat hypothalamus showed the tendency of decrease at increasing altitudes; ③ At the same altitude, expression of NPY mRNA in the rat hypothalamus decreased gradually with the increasing time for acute hypoxia. Conclusion Acute hypoxia can decrease the expression of NPY mRNA in the rat hypothalamus.

Objective:To investigate the role of recombinant E.coli LLO/OVA on regulating the function of murine CD4+ CD25+ Treg cells.Methods:After E.coli LLO/OVA or E.coli OVA vaccination,the murine spleen CD4+ CD25+ Treg,CD4+ CD25- T and CD11c cells were collected respectively by magnetic beads sorting.The concentration of IL-10 in the supernatant of mix cocultured CD4+ CD25+ Treg and CD11c cells,and the suppression role of CD4+ CD25+ Treg cells on the proliferation of CD4+ CD25- T cells were determined.The percentage of OVA specific CD8+ T cells in mouse spleen was analyzed by flow cytometry.The number of metastatic tumor nodules in lungs of the mice transplanted with B16-OVA subcutaneouly was compared before and after dilition of CD4+ CD25+ Treg cells in mice.Results:Compared to E.coli OVA,E.coli LLO/OVA significantly downregulated IL-10 secretion of CD4+CD25+Treg cells and attenuated the suppressive effect of CD4+ CD25+ Treg on the proliferation of CD4+ CD25- T cells(P

Objective To establish a purified model of rat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) cultured by serum-free medium,and provide a good cell model to investigate the damage of RGCs in glaucoma,retinal ischemia,and degenerative retinopathy. Methods Two monoclonal antibodies,anti-rat SIRP (OX-41) against rat macrophage and antibody against rat Thy-1 (OX-7),were used to purify and characterize RGCs from 1-3-day old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats by means of two-step filtration.Purified RGCs were cultured in serum-free neurobasal medium containing B27 and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) meeting the neuronal cell's special requirements.Photomicrographs illustration,immunfluorescence staining of Thy-1,calcein-acetoxymethyl ester (calcein-AM) fluorescence images were used to observe and identify cultured retinal cells and purified RGCs. Results Among the primary cultured rat retinal cells,91% were retinal neurons.Protuberances of RGCs were seen after cultured for 24 hours.At the4th to 8th day,many cells had uniform configuration,large body,and long protuberances. At the 14th day,over 60% cells maintained viability.Immunoflurescence staining of Thy-1 showed the purity of RGCs was about 90%. The results of calcein-AM staining,which stained the living cells only,showed large cell body of RGCs and most of RGCs had a protuberance whose length was twice longer than the diameter of the cells. Conclusion RGCs cultured by serum-free medium has uniform size,good configuration,and high purity,which is adapt to the research of damage of RGCs caused by various factors and to evaluate the protective effects of neuroprotective agents.