BACKGROUND: Urography(IVU) is considered the best first investigation in patient with suspected urinary calculi, but recently ultrasonography(USG), combined with a plain film of the abdomen, has been suggested as an alternative. METHODS: We undertaken study to see if this approch can be used in emergency patients and outpatients by radiologists with different amounts of ultrasound experence. Some 192 patients with suspected urinary colic presenting to Koo Hospital Emergency Department and Youngnam Universith Hospital outward Department(IM, URO, FM) over 12-month period were studied. They had a plain abdominal film(KUB) and USG examination of the kidney, ureter, bladder following hydration and subsequently underwent IVU. Of these, 22 patients passed a stone before their IVU. The data analysis was performed on the remaining 170 patients. Urography was used as the gold standard. RESULTS: Some 170 patients subsequently underwent IVU at a mean interval of 1.8 days after the ultrasound examination. In 91 of 170 patients the IVU was positive. In 97 of 170 patients the combination of JUB plus USG was positive, leaving three false negative KUB plus USG. Thus the sensitivity of KUB plus USG was 97%, specificity was 89%, positive predictive value was 91%, and negative predictive value was 96%. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings in this study suggest that in the hydrated patient the combination of KUB plus US is a very sensitive and relative specific screening test. Because of the high negative predictive value of KUB plus US, urography is not likely to be helpful when KUB plus US are negative. Urography is indicated only if KUB plus US findings are equivocal or if intervention is necessa.ry.
Abdomen ; Colic ; Emergencies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans ; Kidney ; Mass Screening ; Outpatients ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Statistics as Topic ; Ultrasonography* ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Calculi* ; Urography*

No abstract available.
Pregnancy*

Purpose: This study to identify valuated the competency in nursing leadership among new nurses through the perception of nursing managers. Methods: This a total of 136 nursing managers from two general hospitals in the Seoul metropolitan area were included in this study. Nursing leadership competencies in new nurses were measured using the Student Leadership Practices Inventory developed by Kouzes and Posner. We identified priorities in the development of nursing leadership competencies for new nurses. Results: The overall importance and performance of nursing leadership competencies for new nurses were assessed by nursing managers at an average of 3.92±0.37 and, 2.84±0.50, respectively. Of the 30 nursing leadership competencies, 11 would need to be maintained and strengthened, seven would need to focus on improvement efforts, and 11 would have low priority. The last one was overdone. Conclusion Of the 18 items of high importance based on the nursing leadership competencies among new nurses identified, for seven items indicating low performance, the performance of nurses should be improved by introducing nursing leadership development programs after they enter the work environment. Eleven low-priority nursing leadership competencies require a long-term strategic approach and need to spread the understanding of nursing leadership throughout the nursing organization.

No abstract available.
Bile Ducts* ; Bile* ; Choledochal Cyst*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify impacts of HPV-related knowledge, attitude to HPV vaccination, and health beliefs on infection preventive behavioral intention targeting female university students. METHODS: With correlational survey design, subjects of this study were 120 female students at universities located in B metropolitan city and G city. A total sample agreed to participate in the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: Attitude to HPV vaccination, experience of smoking, and HPV-related health beliefs were significant factors influencing the HPV-related infection preventive behavioral intention. These factors accounted for 19.0% of the HPV-related infection preventive behavioral intention. CONCLUSION: The most significant factor for HPV infection prevention was the attitude to HPV vaccination. These findings may be useful to develop strategies to improve the HPV infection preventive behavioral intention of the female university students who have a high risk of the HPV infection.
Female* ; Humans ; Intention* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Vaccination

The assocication between human papillomavirus infection (HPV) and cervical lesionhas been well established. for detection and typing human papilloma virus deoxyribonucleic acid in cervical tissues, Southern blot hybridzation and polymerase chain reaction are commonly regarded as reference standard methods. However it has the limitation includeing technical difficulty, safety, subjectivey in result interpretation. Recently the chemilnuminescent molecular hybridization assay method has been windely used and it has been known that it can detect less hybridization assay method has been windely used and it has been known that it can detect less then 1 pg of DNA in a 100n1 aliquot of a crude specimen. This study was perfomed to determine the usefulness of hybrid capture HPV DNA assay for detecting low-risk and high-risk human papillomaviruses in histologically confirmed normal, cervical intraepithelial lesion(CIN) and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, and to compare the correlation among cervical cytology, hiopsy finding and HPVs infelction ,and to detirmine whether the additon of the hybrid capture test to cytologic studies would improve the ability to identify signifcant lesions. Cervical cytologic smears, hybrid capture HPVs DNA assay, and pucnh bhiopsies were performed on 78 women who have normal cervix(28cases),cervical intraepithelila lesion (24cases), and invasive squamous cell carcinoma(26cases). At first the probes for low-risk HPV(6,11,42,43,44) and the proves for high-risk HPV(16,18,31,33,35,45,51,52,56)were used and secondly retyping was done for HPV 16 abd 18 in high-risk HPV positive cases.the results obtained were as follows; 1. Low-risk HPVs infections were 14.3% and 8.3% in normal cervix and cervical intraepithelial lesion respectively. High-risk HPVs infection were 7.1%, 70.8% and 73.1% in normal cervix, cervical intraeithelial lesion and squamous cell carcinoma respecitively. These was highly significant corelation between positive high-risk HPVs test, cervical intraepithelial lesion and squamous cell carcinoma. 2. Positivities of low and high-risk human papillomaviruses in patients with negative cytologic result were 9.1% and 15.1% respectinvely. 3. In patients with high-risk human papillomaviruses infection, human papilloma viurs 16 and 18 types were detected in 47.4% and 13.2%, respectinvely, and both HPV 16 and 18 positive and negative detention were 15.7% 23.7% respectinvely. Among 12patinent of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with high risk HPVs infection, HPV 16 was detected in 66.6% and HPV 18 in 16.7% Among 24 squamous cell carcinomas with high risk HPVs infection, HPV 16was detected in 41.7% and HPV 16 in 12.5% and both HPV and 18 in 25% 4. In patients without koilocytosis by cervical tytology, low and high-risk human papillomaviruses or both were positive in 30.7% 5. In patients with positive high-risk HPVs, sensitivitives of koilocytosis were 64% and 69% in histologic and cytologc diagnosis, and specificities and specifictites were 58.5% and 62% respectively. Above result suggest that detection for high-risk human papilloma viruses type by hybrid capture assay improves the management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and is more useful method over cervical cytology only.
Blotting, Southern ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; Cervix Uteri ; Diagnosis ; DNA ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; Humans* ; Papilloma ; Papillomavirus Infections ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Wind

The assocication between human papillomavirus infection (HPV) and cervical lesionhas been well established. for detection and typing human papilloma virus deoxyribonucleic acid in cervical tissues, Southern blot hybridzation and polymerase chain reaction are commonly regarded as reference standard methods. However it has the limitation includeing technical difficulty, safety, subjectivey in result interpretation. Recently the chemilnuminescent molecular hybridization assay method has been windely used and it has been known that it can detect less hybridization assay method has been windely used and it has been known that it can detect less then 1 pg of DNA in a 100n1 aliquot of a crude specimen. This study was perfomed to determine the usefulness of hybrid capture HPV DNA assay for detecting low-risk and high-risk human papillomaviruses in histologically confirmed normal, cervical intraepithelial lesion(CIN) and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, and to compare the correlation among cervical cytology, hiopsy finding and HPVs infelction ,and to detirmine whether the additon of the hybrid capture test to cytologic studies would improve the ability to identify signifcant lesions. Cervical cytologic smears, hybrid capture HPVs DNA assay, and pucnh bhiopsies were performed on 78 women who have normal cervix(28cases),cervical intraepithelila lesion (24cases), and invasive squamous cell carcinoma(26cases). At first the probes for low-risk HPV(6,11,42,43,44) and the proves for high-risk HPV(16,18,31,33,35,45,51,52,56)were used and secondly retyping was done for HPV 16 abd 18 in high-risk HPV positive cases.the results obtained were as follows; 1. Low-risk HPVs infections were 14.3% and 8.3% in normal cervix and cervical intraepithelial lesion respectively. High-risk HPVs infection were 7.1%, 70.8% and 73.1% in normal cervix, cervical intraeithelial lesion and squamous cell carcinoma respecitively. These was highly significant corelation between positive high-risk HPVs test, cervical intraepithelial lesion and squamous cell carcinoma. 2. Positivities of low and high-risk human papillomaviruses in patients with negative cytologic result were 9.1% and 15.1% respectinvely. 3. In patients with high-risk human papillomaviruses infection, human papilloma viurs 16 and 18 types were detected in 47.4% and 13.2%, respectinvely, and both HPV 16 and 18 positive and negative detention were 15.7% 23.7% respectinvely. Among 12patinent of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with high risk HPVs infection, HPV 16 was detected in 66.6% and HPV 18 in 16.7% Among 24 squamous cell carcinomas with high risk HPVs infection, HPV 16was detected in 41.7% and HPV 16 in 12.5% and both HPV and 18 in 25% 4. In patients without koilocytosis by cervical tytology, low and high-risk human papillomaviruses or both were positive in 30.7% 5. In patients with positive high-risk HPVs, sensitivitives of koilocytosis were 64% and 69% in histologic and cytologc diagnosis, and specificities and specifictites were 58.5% and 62% respectively. Above result suggest that detection for high-risk human papilloma viruses type by hybrid capture assay improves the management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and is more useful method over cervical cytology only.
Blotting, Southern ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; Cervix Uteri ; Diagnosis ; DNA ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; Humans* ; Papilloma ; Papillomavirus Infections ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Wind

No abstract available.
Humans

PURPOSE: The study was done to evaluate the effects a Stress Management Program (SMP) on stress, problem solving skills, and quality of life for hospitalized patients with Schizophrenia. METHODS: A mixed method design was used: a combination of a repeated-measure design with a non-equivalent control group and qualitative data collection. The participants were 40 patients with schizophrenia admitted in three psychiatric hospitals. The experimental group (n=20) received the SMP twice a week for a total of 8 weeks. RESULTS: Study results revealed that the SMP was effective for stress (F=321.02, p<.001), problem solving ability (F=246.28, p<.001), and quality of life (F=63.35,p<.001) for hospitalized persons with schizophrenia. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that a SMP can be an effective strategy to reduce patients' hospitalization stress, and improve problem solving skills and quality of life. Therefore, it is recommended that mental health nurses use this stress management program in clinical practice to assist adaptation to hospitalization for persons with schizophrenia.
Data Collection ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Methods ; Problem Solving* ; Quality of Life* ; Schizophrenia

No abstract available.