BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency and characteristics of needlestick/sharps injuries (NSIs) in nursing students in Korea. METHODS: The study was based on a survey of questionnaires completed by 341 nursing students who had sustained at least one NSI during clinical practice in hospitals. RESULTS: The NSI incidence rate was 36.4%. Approximately half of the students reported two to four NSIs. Most (90.2%) of the NSIs occurred on the fingertips and were caused by a hollow-bore needle (46.8%) or lancet (45.8%). Some students were exposed to used needles contaminated with unknown pathogens (37.3%), HBs Ag (2.3%), Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) (0.8%), or HIV (0.6%). Students cited the reason for injury as carelessness, inexperience, hastiness, or recapping. Almost two-thirds of students who reported having experienced an NSI knew about post-exposure treatment. However, only one-third of the students with NSIs completed an official report. CONCLUSION: Korean nursing students lack knowledge about injury prevention, report procedures, and treatment after NSI. A revised educational approach with emphasis on occupational risk, skill development, and injury reporting is necessary to prevent NSI and to ensure that students obtain post-exposure prophylaxis.
Dietary Sucrose ; HIV ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Needles ; Needlestick Injuries ; Post-Exposure Prophylaxis ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Students, Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to identify effects of emotional labor, job stress and personal resources on job satisfaction in home healthcare nurses. METHODS: The subjects were 149 home healthcare nurses working for home healthcare centers at 61 hospitals. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from November 22, 2010 to February 28, 2011 and analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS: The mean score of emotional labor level was 4.23+/-0.95, that of job stress level 3.39+/-0.57, that of personal resources 3.38+/-0.36, and that of job satisfaction 3.31+/-0.40. There were positive correlations among emotional labor, job stress, personal resources and job satisfaction. After age, educational level, job position, and work period in home health care, and traffic accident were controlled, the variables, emotional labor (beta=-.198, p = .034) and personal resources (beta=.236, p = .005) turned out to account for 13.3% of the job satisfaction. But job stress was not a statistically significant predictor. CONCLUSION: Home healthcare nurses were needed to minimize emotional labor and revitalize personal resources in order to maintain a comparatively high level of job satisfaction. Furthermore, it is necessary to carry out systematic education and an organizational management scheme into practice.
Accidents, Traffic ; Amides ; Benzene Derivatives ; Delivery of Health Care ; Home Care Services ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Linear Models ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: Most of postoperative patients experience pain, state anxiety and sleep disturbance. These problems negatively influence the recovery of postoperative patients. So alleviating these problems has been one of the nurses' central roles. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of back massage on pain, state anxiety and quality of sleep of postoperative gastrectomy patients. METHODS: A non-synchronized non-equivalent control group pre and post-test design was used. The research instruments used in this study were the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for pain, the State-Anxiety Inventory (STAI) for anxiety and the Verran and Synder-Halpern scale for quality of sleep. The subjects were patients admitted to a university hospital located in D city. Twenty-nine patients in the experimental group had a 10 min manual back massage stimulation for 5 days from the 1st day to the 5th day after their operation, and 25 patients in the control group did not. RESULTS: The degree of pain was significantly reduced according to post operation day and quality of sleep was significantly increased. However state anxiety was not significantly reduced. CONCLUSION: Back massage is a partially effective nursing intervention for postoperative patients with gastrectomy who experience pain and sleep disturbance.
Anxiety ; Benzeneacetamides ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Massage ; Piperidones

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to identify the effects of social support, resilience, stress and satisfaction in major on the happiness index of nursing students. METHODS: Data were collected from March 16 to April 10, 2015 through a self-report questionnaire survey. Participants were 205 students in three different nursing colleges located in Busan and Yangsan. Measured variables were social support, resilience, stress, satisfaction in major and Happiness index. RESULTS: Social support, resilience, satisfaction in major, and personal relationships had significant positive effects on the happiness index, while stress had a negative effect on the happiness index. Explained variance for the happiness index was 46% and social support was the most significant factor in the happiness index of nursing students. CONCLUSION: The results from this study suggest that resilience, social support, stress, satisfaction in major, and personal relationships should be considered as the main influential factors when developing intervention strategies to increase of the happiness index of nursing students.
Busan ; Gyeongsangnam-do ; Happiness* ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the levels in student nurse of knowledge, compliance and risk factor recognition for needlestick injuries. METHOD: Nine hundred and thirty eight(938) student nurse from 3 universities and 3 junior colleges participated in this study. Completed questionnaires were collected between October and November 2004. They were analyzed by using the descriptive statistics and chi2-test, t-test with the SAS program. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the general characteristics of participants between the two groups - Needlestick Injury(NSI) group and non-Needlestick Injury(non-NSI) group. The scores for knowledge levels of treatment after needlestick injuries and the risk factor recognition level were significantly higher in the NSI group. The scores for performance level as to handling and using needles after needlestick injuries were significantly higher in the non-NSI group. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to develop a preventive program to decrease the needlestick injury rate among student nurse.
Compliance* ; Humans ; Needles ; Needlestick Injuries* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk Factors*

Purpose: The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of non-pharmacological interventions on cancer patients with sleep disorder. Methods: A total of 4,246 studies published between 2000 and 2018 were identified by searching NDSL, RISS, Koreamed, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL. Seventeen of these studies were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis.Data were analyzed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) Ver. 3.4.1 program, and the effect sizes were shown using Hedges’ g score. Results: Intervention studies included 8 studies on exercise, 4 studies on cognitive-behavioral therapy, 2 studies on music, and 1 study each on aromatherapy, massage, and mindfulness-based stress reduction. The overall controlled effect size was .78 (95% Confidence Interval=.40, 1.16, Z=4.02, p<.001), using a random effects model. Conclusion Through this study, it was found that the effects of exercise (walking), aromatherapy, massage, and music intervention were all statistically significant. As such, the findings of this study provide evidence supporting the incorporation of various non-pharmacological interventions into nursing practice to improve sleep quality in patients with sleep disorder.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of non-pharmacological interventions on cancer patients with sleep disorder. Methods: A total of 4,246 studies published between 2000 and 2018 were identified by searching NDSL, RISS, Koreamed, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL. Seventeen of these studies were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis.Data were analyzed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) Ver. 3.4.1 program, and the effect sizes were shown using Hedges’ g score. Results: Intervention studies included 8 studies on exercise, 4 studies on cognitive-behavioral therapy, 2 studies on music, and 1 study each on aromatherapy, massage, and mindfulness-based stress reduction. The overall controlled effect size was .78 (95% Confidence Interval=.40, 1.16, Z=4.02, p<.001), using a random effects model. Conclusion Through this study, it was found that the effects of exercise (walking), aromatherapy, massage, and music intervention were all statistically significant. As such, the findings of this study provide evidence supporting the incorporation of various non-pharmacological interventions into nursing practice to improve sleep quality in patients with sleep disorder.

Eleven patients with proved Bronchiolo-aveolar cell carcinoma were found in the chest department of thenational menical center from 1975 to 1981. The incidence of Bronchiolo-alveolar cell carcinoma is recentlyincreased as primary lung carcinoma. The result as follow. 1. The ratio of male and female was 5:6 and anincidence of 4.4% among total primary lung cancer patients. The highest incidence (3 of cases) was seen in thesixth decade, and the remaining cases were evenly distributed in the third, fourth, and fifth decades of life.Among them youngest was 29 years old and the oldest was 66 years old. 2. Clinical and radiological initialdiagnosis prior to the final diagnosis were as follows; pulmonary tuberculosis; 7 cases, pneumonia; 1 case,bronchiectasis; 1 case, and lung cancer; 2 cases. 3. Radiological examination of chest presented several pictures;most commonly, homogenous or patchy infiltrations; 6 cases, nodular or mass like densities; 2 cases, disseminatednodular or military patterns; 2 cases, and reticular pattern; 1 case. 4. Bronchogram reveald no contributablefindings except one case of complete tappering obstruction of the segmental bronchus. Therefore we arrive at theconclusion that early diagnosis will result in increased resectability and improved survival so aggressivediagnositic work-up for suspicious pulmonary infiltrate is necessary.
Bronchi ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Male ; Military Personnel ; Pneumonia ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Splenoportography has been proved as a useful method for the evaluation of circulatory distrubances in portalhypertension. Authors analyzed the various aspects of these disturbances on splenoportography in 22 cases thatwere performed under the clinical suspicion of portal hypertension during recent 6 years, from May, 1976 to July,1982 at the Department of Radiology, National Medical Center. The results were as follows; 1. Liver cirrhosis wasthe most frequent cause of intrahepatic obstruction type in portal hypertenstion (86%). 2. The portal pressure wasmore than 400 mmH2O in 67% of the cases (range; 300-540 mmH2O). 3. In the majority of the cses, the higher theportal pressure was, the more dilated splenic and portal veins were. The diameter of portal vein was more than15mm in 79%, more than 21 mm in 47% of the cases (range; 10-26mm). The diameter of splenic vein was more than 15mmin 48% of the cases (range; 7-23mm). Especially the diameter of splenic vein was larger than that of portal veinin 20% of the cases. 4. There was no definite correlation between the development of collateral circulation andthe diameter of splenic and portal veins. 5. The filling of collateral circulation was definite sign of portalhypertenstion, though not regular. In portal hypertension, the collateral circulation was formed via coronary vein(91%), short gastric vein (64%), inferior mesenteric vein(36%). 6. Splenic-hilum time was delayed in 64% of thecases. Intrahepatic portal vein emptying time was more than 6 seconds in all the cases. 7. Most of the cases (91%)could be diagnosed as portal hypertension with vasculogram and hepatogram.
Collateral Circulation ; Hypertension, Portal ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Methods ; Portal Pressure ; Portal Vein ; Portography ; Splenic Vein ; Veins

BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency (RF) interstitial hyperthermia has recently been shown to be a beneficial treatment modality for human malignant gliomas. It has also been shown that the thermal threshold dose for histopathological damage in the rat brain was heating at 41 degreesCfor 30 min. In the present study, we investigated apoptosis and necrosis of the neuronal cells in the brains of Fischer rats at different times after interstitial heating with lower than the thermal threshold dose. We also measured the isopeptide bond formation in neuronal cells showing apoptosis or necrosis. METHODS: The applicator needles of the RF interstitial heating device, connected to the Thermotron IV was applied to heat the brain at 39, 40, and 41 degreesCfor 30 minutes. Sham-heated control rats were treated the same as the heated rats. The sham-heated animals and those heated at 40 degreesCfor 30 min were sacrificed at 4, 72, 120, and 168 hours after heating, respectively, and the animals heated at 39 and 41 degreesCfor 30 minutes were sacrificed at 168 hours after heating. Coronally sectioned brain tissue, encompassing the heated lesions, were studied immunohistochemically for the expression of TGase1, TGase2, and TGase3, isopeptide. TUNEL assay was performed to examine apoptosis. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical studies showed that in the brains heated at 40 degreesCfor 30 minutes, necrosis with the maximal nuclear isopeptide-positive neuronal cells of the cerebral cortex were seen at 4 hours; The maximal number of isopep-tide- positive neuronal cells showing apoptosis was at 168 hours. CONCLUSIONS: Necrosis of neuronal cells following mild interstitial hyperthermia was maximal at 4 hours and apoptosis was maximal at 168 hours. Neuronal cells showing necrosis or apoptosis formed isopeptide bonds in their nuclei.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Brain* ; Cell Death* ; Cerebral Cortex ; Fever* ; Glioma ; Heating ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Necrosis ; Needles ; Neurons* ; Rats* ; Rats, Inbred F344