Hepatitis G virus (HGV) is a single-strand RNA virus in the Flaviviridae family, it was recently identified from the plasma of a patient with chronic hepatitis. HOV infection may cause acute and chronic liver disease by blood transfusion, drug addicts, hemophilia, and multiple sexual partners. But clinical significance of infectious pathway is still unclear. In this report, we amplified HGV RNA by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) by primers within the highly conserved 5'-noncoding region (NCR) and used restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method for the polymorphism analysis of amplified HGV gene. HGV was shown to be present in 7 of 78 (9.0%) from HCV RT-PCR positive serum samples and 5 of 58 (8.6%) from HCV RT-PCR negative serum samples. From the RFLP method HGV divided into four genotypes in 12 positive samples. Therefore, HGV genotype was distributed at least four different types in Korea.
Blood Transfusion ; Drug Users ; Flaviviridae ; GB virus C* ; Genotype ; Hemophilia A ; Hepatitis* ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; Humans ; Korea ; Liver Diseases ; Plasma ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length* ; RNA ; RNA Viruses ; Sexual Partners

The mutation of p53, a tumor suppressor gene, has been considered to play an important role in tumorigenesis in a variety of human cancers and the abnormal expression of p53 are frequently associated with poor prognosis. In order to examine the association of p53 overexpression with known prognostic factors including estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR), we studied the status of p53 protein expression by immunohistochemical staining of paraffin sections of 29 endometrial carcinoma (25 endometrioid carcinoma, 2 clear cell carcinoma, and 2 serous carcinoma), obtained from hysterectomy. The results were as follows: The expression of p53, ER, and PR was present in 9/29 (31%), 3/29 (16%), and 12/29 (48%), respectively. The expression of p53 in endometrioid adenocarcinoma was present in 6/25 (24%) and showed significant correlation with histologic grade, nuclear grade, and myometrial invasion. The status of PR showed significant inverse correlation with histologic grade, nuclear grade and myometrial invasion. There was no significant correlation between ER status and these histologic factors. The expression of p53 was inversely associated with the status of PR, but statistically not significant. Our results indicate that p53 may be useful in predicting prognosis in endometrial carcinoma and will be able to provide helpful information in predetermination of aggressive behavior of the tumor in evaluation of curettage specimen.
Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Endometrioid ; Curettage ; Endometrial Neoplasms* ; Female ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Paraffin ; Prognosis ; Receptors, Estrogen ; Receptors, Progesterone

PURPOSE: This research was for checking the effect of meridian massage on the reduction of pain and subjective symptoms of myofascial pain syndrome. METHOD: The method of the research was interruptive time series design. The research objects are 25 hospital workers with myofascial pain syndrome at B hospital in Busan from July 22. 2002 to August 18, 2002. SPSS Win 10.0 was used for data analysis, paired t-test and repeated measures ANOVA for hypothesis test. RESULT: The recipients of meridian massage felt less pain than before(F=12.587, p=.000). The recipients of meridian massage felt less often than before (F=6.705, p=.001). The recipients of meridian massage got lower score on subjective symptoms of myofascial pain than before(F=12.857, p=.000). The recipients of meridian massage had lower blood pressure than before(systolic blood pressure: t=4.697, p=.000, diastolic blood pressure: t=3.426, p=.002). The recipients of meridian massage did not get the lower number of pulse than before(t=0.33, p=.744). CONCLUSION: The above results show that meridian massage is effective on the reduction of pain and subjective symptoms of myofascial pain syndrome and makes stable the blood pressure. Therefore meridian massage can be apply as the effective intervention for the reduction of pain and subjective symptoms of myofascial pain syndrome.
Blood Pressure ; Busan ; Massage* ; Myofascial Pain Syndromes* ; Statistics as Topic

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Diagnosis ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Jaw ; Mandible ; Mandibular Osteotomy ; Middle Aged ; Mouth Mucosa ; Myocutaneous Flap ; Odontogenic Cysts

The purpose of this study was to find educational needs of toddler's mother in child-caring experience. The subject of the study was toddler's mother who visited one health care center in J city for immunization and had a child or children between twelve and thirty six months old. The subjects were 37 mothers. The instrument used for this study was a semi-structured questionnaire developed by researcher and based on Objective Content Test of Garretson(1967). The Collected data were analized by two researchers using the method of content Analysis. The results of this study are summarized as follows ; 1) Of the large categories, the need of the highest frequency was 'prevention and management of disease and injury', that of the lowest 'growth and development'. 2) In 'physical care' category, 'care of sleeping' was the highest. In 'nutrition and eating-habitual management' category, 'weaning management' was the highest. In 'prevention and management of disease and injury' category, 'disease management' was the highest. In 'discipline and teaching' category, 'discipline' was the highest. 3) In comparison with preceding references, the educational needs of child-caring which had not been shown in preceding references but had been shown in this study were hair-caring, kind of weaning diet, method of cure and nursing, management of deformity, and so on. In conclusion, educational needs of toddler's mother in child-caring experience were matter-of-fact and inclusive. Needs in management of special situation such as disease were higher than usual parenting procedure or method. In addition, there were higher needs in questions happened through child-caring experience or confirmation of procedures practicing now. Then, it is suggested that parent education program should be developed on the basis of educational needs found in this study to be more effective in preparing mothers's child-caring.
Child ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Delivery of Health Care ; Diet ; Education ; Humans ; Immunization ; Mothers* ; Nursing ; Parenting ; Parents ; Weaning ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: Endothelin-1(ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide. It has potent contractile and proliferative effects on vascular smooth muscle cells. Congenital heart diseases are often accompanied by pulmonary hypertension, and the severity of pulmonary hypertension is important in the prognosis. The aim of this study was to elucidate changes of ET-1 after pulmonary venous stenosis in a dog model, and investigate the interaction between pulmonary venous pressure and ET-1. METHODS: Plasma ET-1 levels were measured by radioimmuno-assay at the thoracic aorta, left pulmonary artery and left pulmonary vein. Pressures were also monitored at the same sites. Immunohistochemical staining of ET-1 was performed in the lung tissue. RESULTS: Increased serum ET-1 levels were noted at 1 hour after left pulmonary vein stenosis in the left pulmonary vein and aorta, and at 2 days after stenosis in the left pulmonary artery. Left pulmonary venous pressure was significantly increased at 1 hour after pulmonary vein stenosis, and systolic pulmonary artery pressure at 2 days after stenosis. Increased expression of ET-1 was noted by immunohistochemical staining at the lung tissue at 7 days after stenosis of left pulmonary vein. CONCLUSION: Increased serum ET-1 level and expression of ET-1 in immunohistochemical staining at lung tissue were noted after stenosis of pulmonary vein. Serum ET-1 level would be useful in the diagnosis and prediction of pulmonary artery hypertension. (J Korean Pediatr Soc 2000;43:769 778)
Animals ; Aorta ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Diagnosis ; Dogs ; Endothelin-1* ; Endothelins ; Heart Diseases ; Hypertension ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Lung ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Plasma ; Prognosis ; Pulmonary Artery ; Pulmonary Veins ; Venous Pressure

PURPOSE: This study aims to assess the effects of psychosocial work environment and self-efficacy on stress, depression, and burn-out among office workers. METHODS: Survey data were collected from 331 office workers who worked in one workplace from April 10 to 30, 2012. The impact of psychosocial work environment and self-efficacy on stress, depression, and burn-out was analyzed with hierarchical multiple regression using SAS version 9.3. RESULTS: Work-family conflicts and emotional demands were identified as main factors influencing mental health. Other work environment factors influencing mental health were role clarity for stress, possibilities for development, meaning-of work, social support-from supervisors and job insecurity for depression, and social community at work for burn-out. Self-efficacy was correlated with most psychosocial work environment and factor with independent influence on stress and depression. The final models including general characteristics, psychosocial work environment, and self-efficacy accounted for 34%, 44%, and 36% for stress, depression, and burn-out respectively. CONCLUSION: To promote mental health in office workers, there is a need to decrease work-family conflicts and emotional demands and to improve work organization and job contents, social support, and self-efficacy.
Depression ; Mental Health ; Social Work

No abstract available.
Autoantibodies* ; Humans

PURPOSE: The present study purposed to investigate Korean adults health status, smoking perception. and self-efficacy of smoking cessation according to whether smoking or not. METHODS: This study conducted a questionnaire survey of 694 adults at D County in Korea during the period from the 10th of June to the 10th of July 2004. The instruments used for this study were scales on health status, smoking perception and self-efficacy: of smoking cessation. Data was analyzed by frequency and percentage, mean and SD, chi2-test, t-test, ANOVA using SPSS 11.0 program. RESULTS: The subjects of this study were 503 men and 191 women, and 60.8% of the male subjects and 6.8% of the female subjects were smokers. With respect to health status (t=-2.58, p=0.010), smoking perception (t=10.59. p<0.000) and the self-efficacy of smoking cessation (t=-23.04, p<0.000), there were significant differences according to whether smoking or not. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to make repeated study to find other variables that affect adults smoking and to develop smoking cessation programs that enhance the self-efficacy of smoking cessation.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Smoke* ; Smoking Cessation* ; Smoking* ; Weights and Measures ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The study conducted from May to September in 1994 to investigate applicability of the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly-Screening version(HHIE-S) in parallel with the puretone audiometer to the initial screening test of noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL) in some noise-exposed workers. Subjects were selected by systemic sampling that took every fifth person from 6,700 workers taking the annual occupational health examination by the department of Health Maintenance of Dongsan Hospital Keimyung University in Taegu. The authors administered the pure-tone audiometric test and self-reported questionnaire of HHIE-S including items of sociodemographic and job-related variables concurrently. The final subjects analysed were 1,019(488 males and 531 females) excluding fourteen persons who had many missing values in their questionnaires. The reliability coefficients of HHIE-S scale by Cronbach's alpha were 0.84. In the univariate analysis of hearing handicap measured by the HHIE-S, work duration, military service and the hearing threshold loss at 1kHz and 4kHz was the only selected variable explaining the hearing handicap in males and hearing threshold loss at 1kHz and 4kHz, age, and work duration were selected in females. In ROC curves for HHIE-S scores against NIHL as gold standard which was defined by the follow-up audiogram as more than 30dB of the average of 0.5/1/2kHz and 50dB at 4kHz, the optimal cutoff for the parallel HHIE-S appeared to be 8. The results suggest that HHIE-S appeared to have some reliability and validity in this data and might be used in screening NIHL in parallel with pure-tone audiometer in noise-exposed workers.
Daegu ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hearing ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced* ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening* ; Military Personnel ; Occupational Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Reproducibility of Results ; ROC Curve