No abstract available.
Risk Assessment*

This erratum is being published to correct of Table 4.

The purpose of this study was to the relationship between powerlessness, self-efficacy and quality of life in hemodialysis patients. The subjects were compromised of 198 hemodialysis patients from Pusan, Kyung-Sang Namdo and Kyung-Sang Bukdo 6 hemodialysis clinics. There were significant positive correlation between self-efficacy and quality of life(r= .512, p .00l). Data were collected by questionnaires from Sep. 19 to Oct. 27, 2001. The instrument used for study were the Powerlessness Behavioral Assessment Tool (Miller, 1983) and self-efficacy developed by Kim, Ju-Hyun(1995) and quality of life developed by Kim, Ok-Soo(1993). Collected data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, pearson correlation The results were as follows. 1. The mean score of powerlessness was 52.41+/-.93, mean mark 3.28+/-.43, and the mea score of self-efficacy was 45.44+/-.75, mean mark 2.87+/-.49, and the mea score of quality of life was 121.27+/-3.81. mean mark 2.96+/-.58. 2. There were significant differences in the level of powerlessness according to sex (1,=2.148, p= .033), occupation(t=3.682, p=.000), economic status(F=3.094, p=.048), experience of hospitalization (1,=-2.002. p= .047). 3. There were significant differences in the level of self-efficacy according to age(F=3.271. p=.013), economic status (F=5.759, p=.004), religion(F=2.667, p= .048), hemodialysis period(F=2.991. p =.032), hemodialysis frequency(t = 9.045, p = .003), experience of hospitalization (1,=4.40, p=.037). 4. There were significant differences in the level of quality of life according to occupation(t=3.796, p=.053), economic status(F=11.478, p=.000), hemodialysis frequency(t=7.573, p=.006). 5 There were significant negative correlation between powerlessness and self-efficacy (r=- .401. p .001), powerlessness and quality of .life(r=- .562, p .001),
Busan ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Quality of Life* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Renal Dialysis*

PURPOSE: This study was done to survey health behaviors in people at risk for a Cerebrovascular Accident(CVA). METHOD: From November 21 to December 29, 2005, a questionnaire survey was conducted with 171 people at risk for a Cerebrovascular Accident(LDL of above 130 mg/dl & homocysteine of above 15.0 micromol/L). Their physical composition was measured and blood was collected. RESULTS: 1. Of the subjects, 34.5% were smokers, 61.4% were drinkers, 56.7% did not exercise regularly, 57.3% did not control their weight, 26.9% preferred eating meat, and 32.2% preferred salty food. 2. The gender was different between smoking status(Chi2=10.734, p= .001), and drinking status(Chi2=7.185, p= .007), and the age was different between smoking status(Chi2=6.656, p= .010), and drinking status(Chi2=10.722, p= .001). The HbA1C level was different for regular exercise(Chi2= 4.824, p=.028) and the HDL-cholesterol was different for meat-eating preference(Chi2=7.928, p= .005). The observance of troubling signs was different for a salty food preference(Chi2=4.313, p= .038). CONCLUSION: It is necessary to develop programs for taking care of people at risk for a Cerebrovascular Accident and test the effects of the programs in order to reduce the risk factors of CVA and enhance health behavior promotion.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alcohol Drinking ; Body Weight ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Cholesterol, HDL/blood ; Cholesterol, LDL/blood ; Exercise ; Female ; *Health Behavior ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nutritional Status ; Questionnaires ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; Stroke/*epidemiology/etiology

A nursing activity classification for hospitalized patients was performed based on an article review regarding nursing definition and nursing activity classification system. The study was conducted as follows: 1) Taxonomy was developed by the research team through the Delphi process and review article. The taxonomy consists of four nursing processes, (assessment, diagnosis, intervention and evaluation) and twelve nursing activity domains space (resperation, nutrition, elimination, exercise/alignment maintenance, comfort, hygiene, safety, spiritual support, counseling/ education, medication, communication, patient and information management). 2) First, nursing activities of the intervention process were listed and then classified by the nursing process of assessment, diagnosis, intervention and evaluation. The list consists of twelve nursing activity domains and 136 nursing activities. 3) A pilot study was conducted in two hospitals to verify validity and appropriateness of nursing activities. 4) The content validity index, which was calculated by 6 clinical practice experts, was 0.95. Also, a nursing activity classification system should also be developed in the department of community nursing and home health care nursing.
Classification* ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Home Health Nursing ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Korea* ; Nursing Process ; Nursing* ; Pilot Projects

No abstract available.
Hypothyroidism*

This survey was performed for evaluating and refining the new teaching program for medical ethics which was developed by faculities in Ajou university. Most of the students showed interest and satisfactions as well as con fidences in ethical judgement through the new course of medical ethics. Specific evaluation was as follows; Most of cases in discussion and debates were appropriate for understanding of medical ethical issues. They expressed that they learned how to collaborate in group, accept different opinions and views, build a sense of sharing community and work with an indivisual resposibility. Several ideas for improving medical ethics cirricula were suggested that some cases should be replaced to realistic cases, more clinicians from relevant departments should be involved in discussion, and educational environment should be changed to discuss and debate easily.
Ethics ; Ethics, Medical* ; Humans

The purpose of this study is to analyze the structural pattern of nurses' pain management with patients who experience pain. As a research method, the Q methodology, which is useful for an objective view of a highly abstract concept, was applied. The data collecting activity of this study was from August, 21st, 2000 to November, 24th 2000. The Q-population, the previous thesis and a literature review were done. Questions about pain management by the nurse on the patients, caregivers, nursing students, doctors, nurses, and others were asked in documentary work and in-depth interviews. In all, 223 units of the Q-population were formed, and the last 35 units of the Q-population were extracted. The data on the P-sample was collected from 41 nurses who worked in the medical and surgical units of a hospital that belonges to C university in Seoul. The research results were constituted in 3 types. Type I was the 'pattern of judging by objectivity'. The statement on which most of the people highly agreed for those patterns was shown by 'If patients said that they are suffering from pain, we sufficiently performed an assessment about the etiology, location, duration and degree'. For type I, the same pain was found in different locations according to the patients, so the etiology of the pain should be identified first place. Since ways of coping are different according to pain etiology, it was thought that it is important to assess sufficiently the pain etiology, location, duration, and degree. Therefore, when patients complain of pain, the pain etiology should be identified and assessed; according to the result, pain management should be performed systematically. Type II was the 'pattern of accepting by subjectivity'. The statement on which most of the people highly agreed for those patterns was shown as 'If patients said that they are suffering from pain, the medical treatment should be performed rapidly and speedily.' For type II, when the patient complains of pain, treatment should be performed quickly in order to prevent the condition getting worse, and it is thought that activity is a reasonable duty. Further, by trying to show empathy after pain is admitted and by understanding and coping rapidly with the pain of patients, an attitude which matched the altruistic morals of nurses is being shown. Type III was the 'pattern of worrying about', and the statement on which most of the people highly agreed for those patterns was shown is 'When there is a pain, to help patients to tolerate the pain to the highest degree.' In type III, the pain is a subjective expression, so there is a difference according to every individual. Therefore, actually if there is no measurement of pain, it could be exaggerated so nurses should help patients to tolerate it to the utmost. Even if there is a way to remove pain without an analgesic drug, nurses were reluctant to perform pain management as they possibly could. Through these research results, pain management of nurses was classified in 3 types, and structural characteristics in each type were discovered. Based upon the characteristics according to the type, an individualized pain management intervention strategy should be established and the follow up work performed.
Caregivers ; Empathy ; Humans ; Morals ; Pain Management* ; Seoul ; Students, Nursing

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of a special nursing program on the recovery of patients with spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage, and on the level of satisfaction of their families. The experimental group comprised twenty patients selected from A university medical center, and the control group, nineteen patients selected from B university medical center. Patients with cormorbidity were not included. Between 1 October, 1995 and 30 April, 1996, personnel specialized in neurosurgical nursing provided the experimental group with a special nursing program, while the control group was offered general nursing services. The key elements of this special nursing program were close observation to identify potential risk factors ; crisis intervention to prevent gaps in medical service delivery ; patient-centered care emphasizing early recovery, including specific protocols for the prevention of disability and for rehabilitation ; and patient education and counseling to maximize satisfaction. The average length of stay in ICU, neurological status, functional status, impact of complications, and satisfaction level were measured through medical records, the Glasgow Coma Scale, Functional Independence Measurement, patient assessments, and questionnaires, respectively. These data were analyzed by paired t-test, independent-samples t-test, and ANOVA, and the results were as follows : 1) The average length of stay in ICU of the experimental group was significantly shorter than that of the control group. 2) The degree of neurological recovery of the experimental group between admission and the second week after operation was not significantly different from that of the control group. 3) The impact of complications on the control group was greater than on the experimental group. 4) Between the first and second week after operation, the functional status of the experimental group changed more noticeably than that of the control group. 5) The degree of satisfaction with the nursing services was higher among the families of patients in the experimental group than among the other families. These findings indicate that a special nursing program might improve the recovery of patients with spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage and increase the satisfaction of their families. It is therefore suggested that in order to provide comprehensive medical services to patients with spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage, personnel such as neurosurgical nursing specialist be appropriately utilized. In addition, the current medical insurance fee schedule especially in relation to the cost of rehabilitation, should be adjusted to cover broader services.
Academic Medical Centers ; Counseling ; Crisis Intervention ; Fee Schedules ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Humans ; Insurance ; Intracranial Hemorrhages* ; Length of Stay ; Medical Records ; Nursing Services ; Nursing* ; Patient Education as Topic ; Patient-Centered Care ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rehabilitation* ; Risk Factors ; Specialization

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to identify factors affecting elders' intention to participate in healthcare programs. METHODS: This secondary data analysis used data of 390 elderly people who lived alone and were enrolled in the Visiting Health Care Center of H-city. In 2014, questionnaires were used to collect data about demographics, social activity, depression, frailty, and intention to participate in healthcare programs. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regressions. RESULTS: Among the participants, 51.8% intended to participate in the offered healthcare programs. The strongest factor affecting the intention was gender. Women were 4.85 times more likely to participate in the programs than men. The women's intention was associated positively with increased levels of frailty. The men tended to participate in the program as they got older and as the level of frailty and the number of chronic diseases increased. CONCLUSION: Gender-specific public healthcare programs for vulnerable elders living alone should be developed to maximize their participation in the programs and to promote good health. The healthcare programs must be tailored to the levels of the patients' physical functions.
Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Community Health Centers ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Demography ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Intention* ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Statistics as Topic