No abstract available.
Anemia, Aplastic* ; Hepatitis*

PURPOSE: This study is to investigate the job stress and presenteeism of nurses with work shift. METHODS: The data were collected through questionnaires from 281 clinical nurses working for a university hospital located in D city from 13 to 28 of February, 2009. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe verification test, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression using SPSS/WIN 16.0. RESULTS: The mean score of job stress was 3.47. Work overload and psychological burden scored the highest point as the sub-category of work stress factor. Work performance loss out of presenteeism showed 26.89 and perceived productivity, 79.79. Also 94.7% of respondents answered they had health problems. A significantly positive correlation was found among job stress, work performance loss and health issue. To determine the factors affecting persenteeism, work performance loss was associated with work overload and perceived productivity with interpersonal relationship conflict. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of the study, job stress is positively correlated with work performance loss, and health problems. Therefore, health problems of nurses with work shift need to be considered and plans to manage their job stress affecting presenteeism need to be developed at an earlier stage.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Efficiency ; Linear Models

Varying types of polyps could occur in the vermiform appendix. However, it is very unusual. Collins found 57 cases (0.08%) of benign mucosal polyps in the 71,000 cases of appendectomy specimens. There has been no reported case of appendiceal polyp in the literature in Korea. The authors experienced two cases of polyp in the vermiform appendix. The first case was a 51 year-old male patient who received a left hemicolectomy due to colonic polyposis. The second case was a 71 year-old male patient who was treated by appendectomy under the clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis. The microscopic type of both cases were hyperplastic polyp.
Male ; Humans

Premenstrual syndrome is a common chronic disorder in most women of reproductive age. The main symptoms are depression, anxiety, tension, feeling out of control, and mastalgia. In premenstrual syndrome, the effects of aromatic edible Elsholtzia splendens and Cirsium japonicum were investigated for over 3 months in 30 women participants in their twenties. In the Elsholtzia splendens capsule treated group, scores of depression and anxiety were significantly lower than those in the Cirsium japonicum capsule treated group. Moreover, instability of the premenstrual assessment form was significantly decreased in the Elsholtzia splendens capsule treated group. Our results suggest that Elsholtzia splendens could be an effective plant material in relieving symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.
Anxiety ; Cirsium ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Mastodynia ; Plants ; Premenstrual Syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the status and basic demand of community based stroke-disabled for rehabilitation program development in an urban area. METHOD: The subjects were 46 residencial stroke disabled over 6 months after disease onset. Two teams (composed of one physiatrist and one nurse, respectively) visited patient's home, and evaluated physical and functional status and surveyed for the status and basic demand of community based rehabilitation. RESULTS: Forty two patients (91.3%) received primary medical care after onset of the stroke, and twenty two patients(47.8%) received rehabilitation therapy. The most common reason for not having received rehabilitation therapy was poor economic state. University hospital was the most common place of their rehabilitative management. Mean score of Modified Barthel Index (MBI) was 60.7. Mean score of Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique (CHART) was 223 and economic self-sufficiency scale presented the lowest score as 6.5+/-4.6. The desire of patients for rehabilitation and welfare service was rehabilitation management and the desire of subjects for the government and society was warrant for livelihood. CONCLUSION: We concluded that rehabilitation program utilizing common resource such as areal university rehabilitation team and facilities of community health center should be developed.
Community Health Centers ; Humans ; Program Development ; Rehabilitation ; Stroke*

Obesity occurs when a person's calorie intake exceeds the amount of energy burns, which may lead to pathologic growth of adipocytes and the accumulation of fat in the tissues. In this study, the effect and mechanism of pear pomace extracts on 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and apoptosis of mature adipocytes were investigated. The effects of pear pomace extract on cell viability and the anti-adipogenic and proapoptotic effects were investigated via MTT assay, Oil red O staining, western blot analysis and apoptosis assay. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were stimulated with DMEM containing 10% FBS, 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), 5 microg/ml insulin and 1 microM dexamethasone for differentiation to adipocytes. 3T3-L1 cells were cultured with PBS or water extract of pear pomace. Water extract of pear pomace effectively inhibited lipid accumulations and expressions of PPAR-gamma and C/EBPalpha in 3T3-L1 cells. It also increased expression of p-AMPK and decreased the expression of SREBP-1c and FAS in 3T3-L1 cells. The induction of apoptosis was observed in 3T3-L1 cells treated with pear pomace. These results indicate that pear pomace water extract inhibits adipogenesis and induces apoptosis of adipocytes and thus can be used as a potential therapeutic substance as part of prevention or treatment strategy for obesity.
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine ; 3T3-L1 Cells ; Adipocytes* ; Adipogenesis* ; Apoptosis* ; Blotting, Western ; Burns ; Cell Survival ; Dexamethasone ; Insulin ; Obesity ; Pyrus* ; Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 ; Water*

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In this study, the inhibitory effect of Erythronium japonicum extracts on the metastasis of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line was determined. MATERIALS/METHODS: Cells were cultured with DMSO or with 50, 75, 100 or 250 microg/ml of Erythronium japonicum methanol or ethanol extract. RESULTS: Both methanol and ethanol extracts significantly inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Erythronium japonicum extracts inhibited the adhesion of MDA-MB-231 cells. The invasion of breast cancer cells was suppressed by Erythronium japonicum extracts in a dose-dependent manner. The motility and MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities were also inhibited by both methanol and ethanol extracts. CONCLUSIONS: Our results collectively indicate that Erythronium japonicum extracts inhibit the growth, adhesion, migration and invasion as well as induce the apoptosis of human breast cancer cells. Clinical application of Erythronium japonicum as a potent chemopreventive agent may be helpful in limiting breast cancer invasion and metastasis.
Apoptosis ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Cell Line ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Ethanol ; Humans ; Methanol ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the food environment, particularly focusing on restaurants in three areas (Suwon city, Hwaseong Byeongieom-dong, and Bibong-myun). METHODS: A total of 662 persons were surveyed on customers' perceptions of the food environment in restaurants. A structured questionnaire composed of 30 questions on 7 factors, sanitation (4 items), displaying information (5), food quality (12), information on nutritional and healthy food choice (6), restaurant's accessibility (1), availability (1), and affordability (1) was used. In addition, an expert assessment of restaurant sanitation, and information on nutritional.healthy food choice was conducted through visiting 126 restaurants. RESULTS: Scores (range of score : 1~7) for each factors assessing the restaurant food environment were 5.06 for sanitation factors, 5.05 for displaying information factors, 5.13 for taste.appearance factors, and 4.35 for healthy menu factors. Informations on nutritional.healthy food choice showed a low rate: only 16.24% of the subjects answered that there is a message encouraging choice of healthy foods and 27.4% answered that menus contain nutritional information. Significant differences in food environment were observed by region (city, town, rural). The restaurants food environment in the rural area turned out to be poorer than that of the other two areas. In comparison of customer perception and expert assessment, significant differences were observed for 'Employee appearances and uniforms are clean and tidy' (p < .05), and 'There is a message encouraging the choice of healthy foods' (p < .05). CONCLUSION: This study provided evidence for differences of restaurant food environment by regions. In the rural area, there is a problem in restaurant's accessibility, availability, and affordability because of a lack of variety in menu items and restaurants. This results suggest that there is a need for more healthy food restaurants in the rural area.
Food Quality ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Restaurants* ; Sanitation

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The present study was conducted to examine the inhibitory effect of loquat leaves on MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation and invasion. MATERIALS/METHODS: Female athymic nude mice were given a subcutaneous (s.c.) inoculation of MDA-MB-231 cells and randomly grouped to receive a s.c. injection of either 500 mg/kg ethanol, water extract or vehicle five times a week. Tumor growth, mitotic rate and necrosis were examined. MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured with DMSO or with various concentrations of loquat water or ethanol extract. Proliferation, adhesion, migration, invasion and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity were examined. RESULTS: Tumor growth of xenograft nude mouse was significantly reduced by loquat extracts. The results of mitotic examination revealed that loquat extracts reduced tumor cell division. Both ethanol and water extracts significantly inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation. The protein expression of ErbB3 was significantly down-regulated by loquat leaf extracts. Loquat leaf extracts increased apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells following 24 hour incubation and the ethanol extract was more potent in inducing apoptosis than the water extract. Furthermore, loquat extracts inhibited adhesion, migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells. MMP activity was significantly inhibited by loquat extracts. CONCLUSION: Our results show that extracts of loquat inhibit the growth of tumor in MDA-MB-231 xenograft nude mice and the invasion of human breast cancer cells, indicating the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and invasion.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cell Division ; Cell Proliferation ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Eriobotrya* ; Ethanol ; Female ; Heterografts* ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude* ; Necrosis ; Water

MIN GLASSES is specially manufactured in order to enhance satisfaction of wearer and therefore increase the effectiveness of treatment of an amblyopia and a diplopia. One of the lens is specially grounded and coated to blur vision. Cosmetically, the eye appears to wear regular glasses through the blur lens. We prospectively studied 58 amblyopic children and 10 diplopic adults. Each patient was treated with MIN GLASSES for cosmetic problems. We checked linear visual acuity of pre- and post-treatment. Questionnaires were given to the patients and parents regarding cosmetic satisfaction with treatment. In amblyopic children. 44 patients(75.9%) showed visual acuity improvement of 1.61 +/- 1.50 lines by Han's visual acuity chart. Patient compliance was 87.9%(51 patients) with patient satisfaction based on a questionnaire response. Parents were 87.9%(51 parents) positive response. In diplopic adults, 10 patients(100%) were positive response with satisfaction and demonstrated to be free of symptom of diplopia. MIN GLASSES is effective in high compliance satisfaction of amblyopia and diplopia, and improvement of visual acuity of amblyopia.
Adult ; Amblyopia* ; Child ; Compliance ; Diplopia* ; Eyeglasses* ; Glass* ; Humans ; Parents ; Patient Compliance ; Patient Satisfaction ; Prospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Visual Acuity