Magnetic resonance (MR) is rapidly emerging technique that provides high quality images and potentially provides much more diagnostic information than do conventional imaging modalities. MRI is conceptually quite different from currently used imaging methods. The complex nature of MRI allows a great deal of flexibility in image production and available information, and key points are as follows. 1. MR offers a non-invasive technique with which to generate in vivo human images without ionizing radiation and with no known adverse biological effects. 2. Imaging mechanism of MRI is quite different from conventional imaging modality and for more accurate diagnostic application, It is necessary for physician to understand imaging mechanism of MRI 3. M.R. makes available basic chemical parameters that may provide to be useful for diagnostic medical imaging and more specific pathophysiologic information which are not available by alternate techniques. 4. M.R. can be produced by number of different methods. This flexibility allows the imaging technique to be applicated for particular clinical purpose. Multiplanar and three dimensional imaging may extend the imaging process beyond the single section available with current CT. 5. Future directions include efforts to; a. Further development of hard ware b. More fastening scan time c. Respiratory and cardiac gated imaging d. Imaging of additional nuclei except hydrogen. e. Further development of contrast media f. MR in vivo spectroscopy g. Real time MR imaging
Comprehension* ; Contrast Media ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Humans ; Hydrogen ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pliability ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Spectrum Analysis

Computerized Tomography is now well established and important noninvasive method of diagnosting mediastinal mass lesions because of its superior imaging of their size, location and internal composition. Authors analyzed and present CT findings of 30 surgically proven mediastinal tumors and cysts that were studied and treated at the Yeungnam University Hospital during recent 6 years. The most common tumor was thymoma (9 cases), and teratoma (6 cases), lymphoma (6 cases), bronchogenic cyst (4 cases), neurogenic tumor (4 cases), pericardial cyst (1 case) were next in order of frequency. There were 5 cases of thymoma showing homogenous solid density mass, 2 cases were malignant thymoma and myasthenia gravis was present in 2 cases. A case of thymolipoma and a case of thymic carcinoma were included. All teratomas were cystic masses but pathognomonic fat, and calcified density were seen only in 4 cases. 5 cases were located in anterior mediastinum and 1 case was in posterior mediastinum. Lymphoma (3 Hodgkin's and 3 non-Hodgkin's) appeared as irregular lobulated mass in anterior mediastinum. Neurogenic tumor (2 ganglioneuroma and 2 neurilemmoma) appeared as homogenous density mass located in posterior mediastinum. Among the 4 bronchogenic cysts, 2 were located in retrotracheal area, 1 was located in subcarinal and 1 was in parathoracic area. One case of pericardial cyst was oval shaped cystic mass located in left pericardiac border.
Bronchogenic Cyst ; Ganglioneuroma ; Lymphoma ; Mediastinal Cyst ; Mediastinum ; Methods ; Myasthenia Gravis ; Teratoma ; Thymoma

Kainic acid[KA], a glutamic acid analogue, has been widely used as a excitotoxin in the study of neurotoxicity due to its ability to induce strong excitation and to increase intracellular calcium concentration of the mature central nervous system[CNS] neurons. However, it is not well known whether KA is also strongly cytotoxic to the neurons of the postnatal brain. We have injected KA into rats at different developmental stages and have investigated the changes in the expression of c-fos[transcriptional factor and a marker of neuronal activity], heat shock proetin 72[hsp 72, a neuronal injury marker], and glial fibrillary acidic protein[GFAP, a neuronal injury marker] mRNAs, which are known to be increased in KA-induced neurotoxicity, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase [GAPDH, a house keeping gene] mRNAs with in situ hybridization histochemistry using specific riboprobes. The expression of c-fos mRNA was first identified in the CA3 area of hippocampus from 6hr after KA treatment in P7 rats. The c-fos mRNA-expressing area and the level of expression was gradually increased from P7 to adult. Hsp 72 mRNA was first expressed in the dentate gyrus and hippocampus from 6hr after KA treatment in P2l rats. In the adult rats, hsp 72 mRNA was broadly expressed in the brain at 2hr after KA treatment. The increase of GFAP mRNA expression was first identified in Pl4 rat brain from 6hrs after KA treatment, and by the development of brain it tends to appear earlier. The expression of GAPDH mRNA, however, did not show changes after KA treatment except for the adult rats showing a slight decrease at 12hr after KA treatment. These results suggest that KA may offer different level of cytotoxicity to the developing neurons by their developmental status and the difference may be correlated with the completion of synaptogenesis and increase of KA receptor.
Adult ; Animals ; Brain* ; Calcium ; Dentate Gyrus ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; Glutamic Acid ; Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate ; Hippocampus ; Hot Temperature ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Kainic Acid* ; Neurons ; Neurotoxins ; Oxidoreductases ; Rats* ; RNA, Messenger ; Shock

The goal of therapy in patients with traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulas is to occlude the fistula preferably while maintaining the carotid blood flow. Since the introduction of the concepts of detachable balloon technique to occlude arteriovenous fistulas, the technique has become the treatment of choice in the management of traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulas. The major symptoms of traumatic CCFs are (1) pulsating exophthalmos, (2) orbital and cephalic bruit and murmur, (3) headache, (4) chemosis, (5) extraocular palsies, and (6) visual failure. Traumatic CCFs are combined with multiple associated lesion. We tried the occlusion of fistulas using Goldvalve balloons in 8 consecutive cases of traumatic CCF and the result of our experience is reported. Transarterial approach with manually-tied latex balloons is tried in all cases and the fistulas was successfully occluded in all cases. In 5 cases, the internal carotid artery was preserved and the arterial lumen was occluded along with fistula opening in cases. In one case, surgical ligation was done because of symptoms recurred and incomplete occlusion of fistula. We experienced hemiparesis as a major complication in one case during occlusion tolerance test, which was remitted spontaneously. The results of Debrun balloon treatment were relatively excellent. We consider that the first choice of treatment of traumatic CCF is occlusion of the fistula by a detachable balloons.
Arteriovenous Fistula ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Exophthalmos ; Fistula* ; Headache ; Humans ; Latex ; Ligation ; Orbit ; Paralysis ; Paresis

Congenital origin intestinal obstruction are important disease due to required emergency operation. So accurate and rapid diagnosis needed for decreased mortality and morbidity. Radiologic must defect to accurate obstruction site and also associated other congenital anomalies. And also embryological basis are very important role to the diagnosis of these diseases. We were analyzed radiologically and clinically 25 cases with congenital origin intestinal obstruction with review of literature. 1. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 6 cases, midgut malrotation 4 cases, congenital megacolon 8 cases, imperforated anus 5 cases, ileal atresia 1 case and duodenal atresia 1 case. 2. Male and female radio was 16:9. Especially on hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, 5 cases were male infants. 3. All cases of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis represented string sign and also pyloric beak sign, shoulder sign on UGI. 4. 1 case duodenal atresia showed double bubble sign on simple abdomen x-ray and ileal atresia showed mechanical small bowel obstruction sign with microcolon. 5. On midgut malrotaton, cecum was located in right upper abdomen on 4 cases. And 2 cases were associated with Ladd's band, 1 case with volvulus and 1 case with mesenteric defect. 6. Involved site of all congenital megacolon were localized to rectosigmoid colon. 7. On 5 cases imperforated anus, 3 cases were low type and 2 case high type. Rectoperitoneal and rectourogenital fistula were demonstrated on 4 cases.
Abdomen ; Anal Canal ; Animals ; Beak ; Cecum ; Colon ; Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Female ; Fistula ; Hirschsprung Disease ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Intestinal Obstruction* ; Intestinal Volvulus ; Male ; Mortality ; Pyloric Stenosis, Hypertrophic ; Shoulder

No abstract available.
Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Head* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant*

No abstract available.
Thymus Neoplasms*

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of volume and concentration in a constant dose of subarachnoid bupivacaine on the extent and duration of sensory and motor blocks. METHODS: Forty parturients scheduled for cesarean section were randomly assigned to two groups for spinal anesthesia. In group 1, 3.5 ml of hyperbaric 0.25% bupivacaine (8.75 mg) with 0.25 mg morphine and 10 microgram fentanyl were injected into the subarachnoid space; in group 2, 1.75 ml of hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine (8.75 mg) with 0.25 mg morphine and 10 microgram fentanyl were injected. Dural punctures were performed at the L3-L4 or L2-L3 interspaces with a 25 gauge needle in the sitting position after which the patients were turned to the supine horizontal position. The level and extent of the sensory and motor block were measured at 3, 5, 10, and 15 minutes. The onset, duration and regression of sensory and motor blocks were studied. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between two groups in the level and extent of sensory and motor blocks. From onset time to maximal sensory block took 12.1 +/- 3.0 min in group 1, and 13.3 +/- 3.7 min in group 2, and from onset time to complete motor block took 10.2 +/- 2.7 min in group 1 and 11.4 +/-2.6 min in group 2. There was no significant difference in the time taken to complete the regression of seosory block, and the complete resolution of the motor block. CONCLUSIONS: A constant 8.75 mg dose of subarachnoid hyperbaric bupivacaine produced, in all groups, a similar, statistically insisnificant, level and extent of sensory and motor block, in spite of different volumes and concentrations.
Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Bupivacaine* ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Fentanyl ; Humans ; Morphine ; Needles ; Pregnancy ; Punctures ; Subarachnoid Space

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of volume and concentration in a constant dose of subarachnoid bupivacaine on the extent and duration of sensory and motor blocks. METHODS: Forty parturients scheduled for cesarean section were randomly assigned to two groups for spinal anesthesia. In group 1, 3.5 ml of hyperbaric 0.25% bupivacaine (8.75 mg) with 0.25 mg morphine and 10 microgram fentanyl were injected into the subarachnoid space; in group 2, 1.75 ml of hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine (8.75 mg) with 0.25 mg morphine and 10 microgram fentanyl were injected. Dural punctures were performed at the L3-L4 or L2-L3 interspaces with a 25 gauge needle in the sitting position after which the patients were turned to the supine horizontal position. The level and extent of the sensory and motor block were measured at 3, 5, 10, and 15 minutes. The onset, duration and regression of sensory and motor blocks were studied. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between two groups in the level and extent of sensory and motor blocks. From onset time to maximal sensory block took 12.1 +/- 3.0 min in group 1, and 13.3 +/- 3.7 min in group 2, and from onset time to complete motor block took 10.2 +/- 2.7 min in group 1 and 11.4 +/-2.6 min in group 2. There was no significant difference in the time taken to complete the regression of seosory block, and the complete resolution of the motor block. CONCLUSIONS: A constant 8.75 mg dose of subarachnoid hyperbaric bupivacaine produced, in all groups, a similar, statistically insisnificant, level and extent of sensory and motor block, in spite of different volumes and concentrations.
Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Bupivacaine* ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Fentanyl ; Humans ; Morphine ; Needles ; Pregnancy ; Punctures ; Subarachnoid Space