PURPOSE: Short stature is the most constant finding in Turner syndrome. Short stature in Turner syndrome has lately received considerable attention, mostly because of recent attemp to improve growth by hormonal treatments; growth hormone, oxandrolone, estrogen. The aim of this study was to find out whether growth promoting treatment would improve final height in girls with Turner syndrome. METHODS:Seventy-one girls with the clinical chracteristics Turner syndrome verified by karyotype analysis were entered into this study. The following selection criteria for final adult height were used; Chronological age of more than 14years old, bone age of more than 15years old and growth velocity of less than 0.5cm per 6months. Analysis was performed by means of multiple regression analysis between descriptive data; modality of treatment with oxandrolone and/or estrigen, parental height, karyotype and final adult height. RESULTS: 1) The final adult height of untreated Turner syndrome was 138.9+/-3.9cm. 2)The final adult height in 29 GH treated Turner girls was 143.9+/-6.5cm, significant higher value than 42 GH untreated Turner girls height, 139.8+/-5.2cm(p<0.01). 3) The final height in GH only group and combined group were 141.2+/-6.0cm, 146.2+/-6.2cm, respectively. The combined therapy was more effective than GH therapy(p<0.01). 4) The final height in 32 patients with karyotype of 45,X was 141.6+/-5.6cm, and that of 31 structural aberration group was 140.3+/-6.2cm. There was no significant difference between two groups. But in mosaicism, only numeric abnormalities, the final height 145.9+/-6.1cm was much more higher than other two groups(p<0.05). 5) The final adult height in Turner syndrome was in good correlation with target height. Final adult height(cm)= 1.01*Target height(cm)- 4.97 r=0.51, p<0.05. 6) There was positive correlation between final adult height and height SDS at start GH treatment and negative correlation with age at start GH treatment. The delta height (final height - height at start treatment) correlate with GH treatment duration. CONCLUSIONS:The final adult height in Turner syndrome in a given ethinic or national population varies in the same way as adult height in normal women. Growth hormone therapy may increase final height in Turner syndrome irrespective of ethinic or national difference. Further growth was observed in GH combined with estrogen or oxandrolone.
Adult* ; Estrogens ; Female ; Growth Hormone ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Mosaicism ; Oxandrolone ; Parents ; Patient Selection ; Turner Syndrome*

To elucidate the histologic pattern of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in Korea, liver biopsies from 173 chronic alcoholics with clinical liver diseases were classified according to the pathologic parameters. One hundred and seventeen cases, the sum of 91 of 116 serum HBsAg negative and 26 of 57 HBsAg positive patients, had the histologic evidence of ALD. Fatty change(23.9%), alcoholic fibrosis (AF)(23.1%) and cirrhosis (23.1%), comprised the three major ALDs, and only 8.5% of cases fit the criteria of alcoholic hepatitis. Chronic sclerosing hyaline disease (CSHD), chronic active alcoholic hepatitis (CAAH) and AF, where non-cirrhotic fibrosis is the predominant change, comprised 44.5% of ALD. Both features of ALD and HBV liver disease (HBV-LD) were found in 17 cases that included 8 AF and 7 cirrhosis. These 17 patients tended to consume less alcohol than patients with other types of pure ALD except alcoholic heaptitis. Patients with the serum HBsAg positive ALD (37.4years) were about 8 years younger than those with the serum HBsAg negative ALD (45.1years). More or less fatty change and foamy degeneration were seen in 77.4% and 31.6% of ALD respectively. Mallory bodies, megamitochondria, iron deposition and perihepatocellular fibrosis were found in 20.5%, 29.9%, 42.7% and 77.8%, respectively. These findings indicate that non-cirrhotic chronic ALD such as CSHD, CAAH and AF are the important histologic patterns of ALD in Korea, and that chronic alcohol consumption and HBV may act synergistically in developing liver disease.
Biopsy

The purpose of this study was to develop an explanatory model to predict factors related to continuous participation in the Pap smear screening among Korean women. A hypothetical model was constructed on the basis of Health Belief Model and extensive review of literature on the Pap smear screening. Exogeneous variables included in this model were knowledge, perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, negative and positive emotional responses and professional support from physicians and nurses. Endogeneous variables were threat to cervical cancer, perceived benefit of the Pap smear screening, perceived barrier, and the final outcome variable was continuous participation in the Pap smear screening. The hypothetical model was tested with an empirical study. The data was collected from 623 married women whose age range was 24 - 83 using a self-reported survey questionnaire which was developed by the researcher. It's Cronbach's alpha score ranged from .6478 to .9118. Data was collected at different locations in Seoul; a university hospital, a local health center, and apartment complexes. Data analysis was done using SPSS 7.5 WIN Program for descriptive statistics and LISREL 8.12a WIN Program for covariance structural analysis. In conclusion, threat, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, positive emotion and professional support had a significant direct effect on continuous participation in the Pap smear screening among Korean women. The results of this study also showed that perceived barrier had the most significant direct effect on continuous participation in the Pap smear screening while negative emotional response had the most significant direct effect on perceived barrier. It can be suggested that decreasing perceived barrier by reducing negative emotional responses may be the most effective strategies for increasing continuous participation in the Pap smear screening among married Korean women.
Female ; Humans ; Mass Screening* ; Models, Structural* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul ; Statistics as Topic ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

No abstract available.
Thanatophoric Dysplasia*

No abstract available.
Thanatophoric Dysplasia*

It has been proven that the newborn screening programs for congenital hypothyroidism are very important for its early detection and the early treatment of congenital It has been proven that the newborn screening programs for congenital hypothyroidism are very important for its early detection and the early treatment of congenital hypothyroidism can ameliorate and possibly reverse its consequences. Treatment with L-thyroxine is started in case of suspicious hypothyroidism at the first visit. Serum concentration of total and free thyroxine become normal within 1week after start of therapy but TSH values become normal from 2 months to 6 months after L-thyroxine therapy. The possible explanations for prolonged TSH elevation in congenital hypothyroidism are poor compliance for therapy, an inadequate dose of L-thyroxine, elevated threshold for thyrotropin suppression and two novel mutations in the thyrotropin (TSH) receptor gene in a child with resistance to TSH. Authors have experienced two cases of prolonged TSH elevation with normal T3 and T4 levels till 18months and 27 months of age after optimal L-thyroxine therapy and literature were reviewed.
Child ; Compliance ; Congenital Hypothyroidism* ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism ; Infant, Newborn ; Mass Screening ; Thyrotropin ; Thyroxine

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was 1) to classify the stage of adoption 2) to compare the decisional balance and confidence by stage of adoption 3) to identify factors influenced the stage of adoption for breast self exam. METHOD: A comparative study using a survey method with convenience sample of 143 women was used. Decisional balance and confidence was measured using the CHBMS-K. Stage of adoption for BSE was measured by a single item modified by the researchers based on the Rakowski et al (1992). RESULT: 1) The number of women in each stage of adoption for BSE was as follows; maintenance phase, 7.7% (n=11), action phase, 49.0% (n=70), contemplation phase, 35.0% (n=50) and pre- contemplation phase, 8.4%(n=12). 2) The mean difference in the decisional balance (F=4.32, p=.006) and confidence (F=13.85, p=.000) according to the stage of BSE adoption was statistically significant. 3) Prevention education and confidence accounted for 32% of variance in BSE. CONCLUSION: Assessment of decisional balance and stage of adoption for BSE can guide planning for cancer prevention education. We must educate women to have confidence in BSE. Further, it is important to urge women to continually practice BSE.
Breast* ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of Pap smear screening of menopausal women in W city using a phenomenological methodology. The participants were 5 focus groups consisting of 37 menopausal women. They were selected using snowball sampling method. The data were collected through focus group interviews. Data were recorded and analyzed by Colazzi's method. Significant statements were extracted from the data resulting in 20 themes. These themes formed 12 clusters and 5 categories. The essential themes of the experience of cervical cancer screening emerged as: "unpleasant feelings during procedure", "ambivalent feelings about results", "be guided to seek health", "shrink from interaction with health professionals", "at ease about cervical cancer". The results indicated that cervical cancer prevention strategies for menopausal women need to be based on deep understanding of the personal experiences of Pap smear screening. In conclusion, it is suggested that more specified strategies are needed for menopausal women to encourage them to have regular screening.
Female ; Focus Groups ; Humans ; Mass Screening* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of an infection control program on the Clonorchis sinensis (CS) infection ratio, CS-related knowledge and health behavior of people living near the Geum River. METHOD: A one-group pretest-posttest design was used with 102 participants. For 12 months the participants were provided with promotion announcements, health education, counseling, and medication. Outcome variables measured were the CS infection ratio by stool examination, CS-related knowledge and health behavior from self-report questionnaires. The pre intervention data were collected from January to February 2008 and the post intervention data during the same period in 2009. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, generalized estimating equation analysis, and paired t-test with SPSS for Windows version 15.0. RESULTS: In the pre test 21 of the 102 participants showed infection with CS for the first time. In the post test 9 were newly infected with CS, and one was re-infected. The CS-related knowledge was significantly improved after the infection control program (p<0.05). The CS-related health behaviors did not improve. CONCLUSION: These results showed that an infection control program is effective in decreasing CS infection ratio and improving CS-related knowledge of people living near the river.
Clonorchis sinensis ; Counseling ; Geum ; Health Behavior ; Health Education ; Infection Control ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rivers

Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine previous research on website and mobile application-based interventions for adolescents and young adults with depression and to evaluate their effectiveness on depressive symptoms. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library CENTRAL databases were searched and 22 articles were identified from 16 randomized controlled trial studies. Results: The most frequently used intervention strategy was Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT). Most studies (n = 14) used websites. Two studies used mobile applications. Meta-analysis revealed a significant effect of overall website and mobile application-based interventions on depression at posttest. Subgroup meta-analyses showed that ICBT and website-based interventions had significant effects on depression at posttest. However, there was no significant effect at follow-up assessments. Conclusion Website and mobile application-based interventions, specifically ICBT, are recommended for adolescents and young adults with depression. Further randomized controlled trials conducting follow-up assessments are required to confirm their long-term effects.