PURPOSE: To investigate the characteristics of non-glaucomatous eyes with peripapillary retinoschisis. METHODS: Six non-glaucomatous eyes with peripapillary retinoschisis were enrolled. Age, sex, refractive error, intraocular pressure, location and changes of peripapillary retinoschisis, and the presence of accompanied abnormalities were assessed. To determine possible abnormalities of the optic nerve head and macula, fundus photographs and cross-sectional images of the optic nerve head and macula obtained by optical coherence tomography were inspected. RESULTS: Three males and 3 females were enrolled. Age of the subjects ranged from 11 to 59 years (median, 45 years). Refractive error ranged from -6.25 to +1.00 diopter (median, -0.50 diopter). Peripapillary retinoschisis was located in the superior quadrant in four eyes, in the nasal quadrant in one eye, and in the inferior quadrant in one eye, respectively. No additional abnormalities were found in fundus photographs or in the cross-sectional images of the optic nerve head and macula that were obtained by optical coherence tomography. Longitudinal follow-up was available for two eyes and spontaneous resolution of peripapillary retinoschisis was observed in these eyes 6 and 9 months later, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Peripapillary retinoschisis was observed in non-glaucomatous eyes. This finding was observed in subjects of various ranges of age and refractive error, and in both sexes, without any other accompanying abnormalities.
Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Optic Disk ; Refractive Errors ; Retinoschisis* ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

Intracranial lipoma is a rare tumor. It is considered as congenital malformation, caused by poor differentiation and abnormal persistence of the primitive meninges. More frequently intracranial lipomas are central and located in the midline especially in corpus callosum. We report the two cases of intracranial lipoma, one case was detected in cerebellum by antenatal sonography and the other one was detected in right temporal cistern by cranial sonography during the postnatal follow-up.
Cerebellum ; Corpus Callosum ; Follow-Up Studies ; Lipoma* ; Meninges

We experienced a case of split hand split foot(SHSF) anomaly in a male neonate who had a deficiency of the middle finger, syndactyly of the 1st and 2nd finger and a deep median cleft in both hands. He also had a deep median cleft between 2nd and 3rd toe, syndactyly of the 1st and 2nd, 3rd and 4th toe without deficiency of the middle toe in both feet. SHSF anomaly may occur either isolated or associated with other anomalies. In this case, it occurd sporadically without family history and showed an isolated type without any other specific anomalies except both posterior iris synechiae. The karyotype of patient showed 46,XY,t(7p:14q) which has not been reported yet. We reported the case with the review of the associated literatures.
Fingers ; Foot* ; Hand* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Iris ; Karyotype ; Male ; Syndactyly ; Toes

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the difference in satisfaction and learning benefits between e-portfolios compared to paper portfolios during clinical practice in medical schools. Methods: Utilization of and satisfaction with e-portfolios among 40 third-year medical students in the medicine department of Ajou University School of Medicine was collected using an online survey in December 2020. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and an analysis of variance. Results: Students perceived that e-portfolios were highly beneficial for consistently documenting activities during clinical practice, when compared to paper-based portfolios (mean±standard deviation [SD]=2.60±1.22). However, the least rated aspect was that e-portfolios require less time than paper-based portfolios (mean±SD=1.80±1.14). Additionally, among the various clinical practice courses using e-portfolios, the highest satisfaction was observed with the fewest content items in the e-portfolio. Conclusion To maximize the potential benefits of e-portfolios, improvements in implementation and usability are essential. Additionally, for effective utilization of e-portfolios in clinical practice, it is necessary to clearly define students’ required competencies and ultimate goals, and structure content accordingly.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the difference in satisfaction and learning benefits between e-portfolios compared to paper portfolios during clinical practice in medical schools. Methods: Utilization of and satisfaction with e-portfolios among 40 third-year medical students in the medicine department of Ajou University School of Medicine was collected using an online survey in December 2020. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and an analysis of variance. Results: Students perceived that e-portfolios were highly beneficial for consistently documenting activities during clinical practice, when compared to paper-based portfolios (mean±standard deviation [SD]=2.60±1.22). However, the least rated aspect was that e-portfolios require less time than paper-based portfolios (mean±SD=1.80±1.14). Additionally, among the various clinical practice courses using e-portfolios, the highest satisfaction was observed with the fewest content items in the e-portfolio. Conclusion To maximize the potential benefits of e-portfolios, improvements in implementation and usability are essential. Additionally, for effective utilization of e-portfolios in clinical practice, it is necessary to clearly define students’ required competencies and ultimate goals, and structure content accordingly.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the difference in satisfaction and learning benefits between e-portfolios compared to paper portfolios during clinical practice in medical schools. Methods: Utilization of and satisfaction with e-portfolios among 40 third-year medical students in the medicine department of Ajou University School of Medicine was collected using an online survey in December 2020. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and an analysis of variance. Results: Students perceived that e-portfolios were highly beneficial for consistently documenting activities during clinical practice, when compared to paper-based portfolios (mean±standard deviation [SD]=2.60±1.22). However, the least rated aspect was that e-portfolios require less time than paper-based portfolios (mean±SD=1.80±1.14). Additionally, among the various clinical practice courses using e-portfolios, the highest satisfaction was observed with the fewest content items in the e-portfolio. Conclusion To maximize the potential benefits of e-portfolios, improvements in implementation and usability are essential. Additionally, for effective utilization of e-portfolios in clinical practice, it is necessary to clearly define students’ required competencies and ultimate goals, and structure content accordingly.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the difference in satisfaction and learning benefits between e-portfolios compared to paper portfolios during clinical practice in medical schools. Methods: Utilization of and satisfaction with e-portfolios among 40 third-year medical students in the medicine department of Ajou University School of Medicine was collected using an online survey in December 2020. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and an analysis of variance. Results: Students perceived that e-portfolios were highly beneficial for consistently documenting activities during clinical practice, when compared to paper-based portfolios (mean±standard deviation [SD]=2.60±1.22). However, the least rated aspect was that e-portfolios require less time than paper-based portfolios (mean±SD=1.80±1.14). Additionally, among the various clinical practice courses using e-portfolios, the highest satisfaction was observed with the fewest content items in the e-portfolio. Conclusion To maximize the potential benefits of e-portfolios, improvements in implementation and usability are essential. Additionally, for effective utilization of e-portfolios in clinical practice, it is necessary to clearly define students’ required competencies and ultimate goals, and structure content accordingly.

PURPOSE:This study was designed to know the clinical significance and risk factors of hyperkalemia in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI). METHODS:We compared the incidence of hyperkalemia and its associated ECG abnormalities and mortality rate according to birth weight (102 of less than 1,000 g vs. 328 of 1,000 to 1,500 g) in 430 VLBWI who were born from Jan. 2000 to July 2004, retrospectively, and also compared the several parameter according to serum potassium (35 of hyperkalemia vs. 11 of normokalemia) in 49 selected VLBWI who need mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress without oliguria within 72 hours of life to know the risk factors of hyperkalemia. RESULTS:Overall incidence of hyperkalemia in VLBWI was 21.1%, and was significantly higher in below 1,000 g than in 1,000 to 1,500 g (32.4% vs. 17.7%, P<0.05). Hyperkalemia associated ECG abnormalities, life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia, and death were also significantly higher in below 1,000 g. There were no significant differences in maternal or infant's characteristics, laboratory findings and clinical conditions between hyperkalemic vs. normokalemic group. The incidence of cardiac arrhythmia and mortality rate were also significantly higher in hyperkalemic group. CONCLUSION:Early onset nonoliguric hyperkalemia is often associated with life- threatening cardiac arrhythmia and death in VLBWI, especially less than 1,000 g. Although perinatal risk factors were not found in this study, prospective study is needed to establish the preventive strategy and to improve the outcome.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Birth Weight ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Hyperkalemia* ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight* ; Mortality ; Oliguria ; Potassium ; Respiration, Artificial ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

BACKGROUND: To establish effective preventive measures for hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, a nationwide epidemiologic study on seroprevalence of anti-HAV and the disease prevalence is needed. The aim of this study was to analyze the recent sero-epidemiological changes of hepatitis A markers in Korea. METHODS: The results of 11,068 anti-HAV total and 32,360 anti-HAV IgM tests by electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) that had been requested in recent four years (2005-2008) to a reference medical laboratory from 1,699 institutions nationwide were retrospectively analyzed according to the distribution of year, sex, and age groups. RESULTS: The overall positive rate of anti-HAV total was 62.8%. The overall positive rate of anti-HAV IgM was 11.0%, showing a significantly increasing trend by year: 7.7%, 10.9%, 8.9%, and 14.3% in 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively (P<0.0001). The positive rate of anti-HAV IgM was higher in male than in female subjects (11.8% vs 10.0%, P<0.0001), and 81.8% (2,916/3,566) of the anti-HAV IgM positive results were observed in the age groups of 21-40 yr. The annual positive rates of anti-HAV total and anti-HAV IgM showed significantly decreasing and increasing trends, respectively, in the age groups of > or =21 yr. Conclusion: In accordance with a decreasing sero-positivity of anti-HAV total, the prevalence of acute hepatitis A virus infection has been considerably increased during the recent four years in the age groups of > or =21 yr. The results of this study could be used effectively as a basic data for establishing effective preventive measures for hepatitis A including vaccination in these susceptible age groups.
Adult ; Biological Markers/blood ; Chemiluminescent Measurements ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Hepatitis A/*epidemiology ; Hepatitis A Antibodies/*blood ; Hepatitis A virus/*immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin M/blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Factors ; Time Factors

PURPOSE: To report a case of bilateral central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) after blunt trauma with rapid remission. CASE SUMMARY: A 44-year-old man visited our clinic after blunt trauma around the right eye. At the first examination, no ocular problem was detected except a periorbital contusion. After one week, the patient complained of visual disturbance in his right eye. Fundus examination showed subretinal fluid in his right eye, and fluorescein angiography (FAG) showed typical smoke-stack pattern leakage, which lead to a diagnosis of CSC. Three days later, the patient complained of visual disturbance in his left eye, which was then also diagnosed as CSC. After 2 more weeks, the subretinal fluid in the right and left eyes had decreased. After 3 weeks, the subretinal fluid was almost completely absorbed in both eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Central serous chorioretinopathy can develop after blunt trauma, especially with a rapid clinical course. Thus, periodic ophthalmologic examination is needed after the first examination for blunt trauma of the eye.
Adult ; Central Serous Chorioretinopathy* ; Contusions ; Diagnosis ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Humans ; Subretinal Fluid