PURPOSE:In infants born intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR), there may be persistent short stature in childhood and adulthood, although most IUGR infants show some degree of catch-up growth. The purpose of this study was to describe the postnatal growth status in order to determine the incidence of catch-up growth. METHODS:This study was carried out with the 260 IUGR infants(birth weight<2,500gm) born at Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, from October 1989 to March 1995. RESULTS: 1)Mean gestational age was 38.3+/-.6weeks, mean birth weight was 2.3+/-.2kg and mean birth length was 46.1+/-.7cm. 2)Mean height standard deviation score(height SDS) was 0.02+/-.03. Height SDS was -0.002+/-.71 at 1 year of age, 0.03+/-.14 at 2 years of age, -0.03+/-.71 at 3 years of age, 0.01+/-.24 at 4 years of age, 0.16+/-.24 at 5 years of age, -0.08+/-.43 at 6 years of age. 3)Of the entire study group of the 260 children, 16 children (6%) were below 10 percentile in height. 1 of 36 (2.8%) was below 10 percentile in height at 1 year of age, 5 of 86(5.8%) at 2 years of age, none at 3 years of age, 6 of 44 (13.6%) at 4 years of age, 1 of 25 (4.0%) at 5 years of age, 3 of 17 (17.6%) at 6 years of age. 4)Height SDS significantly correlated with gestational age (r=0.57, p<0.01), birth weight (r=0.17, p<0.01) and midparental height (r=0.72, p<0.01). 5)Birth length and midparental height showed significant differences between catch-up group and non-catch-up group (p<0.01). Condusions:In summary, of the infants born IUGR, 94% showed catch-up growth. Birth length and midparental height were significantly lower in non- catch-up group.
Birth Weight ; Child ; Fetal Growth Retardation* ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Parturition

No abstract available.
Corneal Opacity ; Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome*

From April to September 1992, 40 infants with age 6 months to 8 months who had been born in Yongdong Severanve Hospital were studied for evaluation of their development using Bayley developmental test. The result obtained were as follow: 1) Mean mental developmental index(MDI) is higher than mean psychomotor developmental index (PDI) and the values are 101.9+/-8.2 and 105.5+/-9.8 respectively. 2) As age increases, both raw score are increased but mean standard scores are decreased and there is statistical significance in PDI 3) The correlation coefficient of age and psychomotor scale is 0.77 and that of age and mental scale is 0.83. 4) Mean correlation coefficient between PDI and MDI is 0.44 and correlation coefficient in 6 months is 0.54 and it decreased to 0.31 in 7,8 months. 5) Among the physical measurement indices, there is high correlation between height and weight but not with head circumference. 6) There is no statistical significance between each developmental scale with mode of delivery and mother' working status.
Head ; Humans ; Infant*

Eleven patients with proved Bronchiolo-aveolar cell carcinoma were found in the chest department of thenational menical center from 1975 to 1981. The incidence of Bronchiolo-alveolar cell carcinoma is recentlyincreased as primary lung carcinoma. The result as follow. 1. The ratio of male and female was 5:6 and anincidence of 4.4% among total primary lung cancer patients. The highest incidence (3 of cases) was seen in thesixth decade, and the remaining cases were evenly distributed in the third, fourth, and fifth decades of life.Among them youngest was 29 years old and the oldest was 66 years old. 2. Clinical and radiological initialdiagnosis prior to the final diagnosis were as follows; pulmonary tuberculosis; 7 cases, pneumonia; 1 case,bronchiectasis; 1 case, and lung cancer; 2 cases. 3. Radiological examination of chest presented several pictures;most commonly, homogenous or patchy infiltrations; 6 cases, nodular or mass like densities; 2 cases, disseminatednodular or military patterns; 2 cases, and reticular pattern; 1 case. 4. Bronchogram reveald no contributablefindings except one case of complete tappering obstruction of the segmental bronchus. Therefore we arrive at theconclusion that early diagnosis will result in increased resectability and improved survival so aggressivediagnositic work-up for suspicious pulmonary infiltrate is necessary.
Bronchi ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Male ; Military Personnel ; Pneumonia ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

PURPOSE: To determine the clinical usefulness of the Teller Acuity Cards(TAC) test in infants and preverbal children less than 48 months old. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 55 consecutive patients. We had measured visual acuity with the TAC test for the preverbal period, and optotype acuity was measured with Hahn's letter chart for the follow-up period. Test-retest long-term repeatability was evaluated by comparing the last two TAC acuities. We compared the last TAC acuity with the first optotype acuity to estimate the predictive validity of the TAC test. Finally, we also tested the reliability of the TAC test compared with the optotype acuity test for the assessment of interocular visual acuity differences in patients with unilateral amblyopia. RESULTS: The mean age of patients at the initial TAC test was 21.6 months. The first optotype acuity was obtained at the age of 37 months. Earlier TAC acuity correlated significantly with later TAC acuity (r=0.77, p<0.001). Although the TAC test underestimated the visual acuity more than the optotype test, there was minimal correlation between the two tests (r=0.28, p<0.05). In the presence of the interocular difference of visual acuity with the TAC test, unilateral amblyopia as assessed by optotype test could be anticipated (r=0.44, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The TAC test can be used as a reliable method to estimate visual acuity in infants and preverbal children. Earlier The TAC acuities are valid predictors of optotype acuities later in childhood. The TAC test is an especially useful method in detecting unilateral amblyopia.
Amblyopia ; Child* ; Child, Preschool ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyze the tasks of managers who were working in the Customized Visiting Health Services (CVHS) and to prioritize analyzed tasks according to performance frequency, perceived importance, and difficulty. METHODS: Job analysis method by Hartley (1999) was used for task analysis and performance frequency, perceived importance, and difficulty were used for prioritize as criteria. A total of 85 managers in the CVHS of public health centers nationwide were recruited through e-mail and mail survey. Using SPSS/WIN 15.0, descriptive statistics, such as frequency distribution, means, median, and standard deviation, were conducted to examine each subject's general characteristics, the frequency, importance, and difficulty of the tasks as well as to prioritize the each task. RESULTS: The job description of the managers revealed 12 duties, 35 tasks, and 104 task elements. Of the 85 managers, 84.8% were classified as nurses, 40.5% were home health care specialists, and 32.9% were social workers. Their coretasks were management of client cases, budget management, and management of work performance and quality assurance. CONCLUSION: Considering the analyzed managers' tasks and core tasks, we need to examine each manager's role precisely and provide various educational programs for improving overall manager competence.
Budgets ; Delivery of Health Care ; Electronic Mail ; Health Services ; House Calls ; Job Description ; Mental Competency ; Postal Service ; Public Health ; Public Health Practice ; Social Workers ; Specialization ; Task Performance and Analysis

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of combination of bone formation and resorption markers in predicting the bone mineral density (BMD), and to see there was a correlation with years since menopause(YSM) and BMD according to the combination of bone turnover marker and bone sites. METHOD: BMD and bone turnover marker(serum osteocalcin and urine deoxypyridinoline) was assessed in 266 healthy postmenopausal women at the time of first visiting in postmenopausal clinic and were divided into six groups based on combination of their reference range in bone turnover markers. RESULTS: We evaluated the discrimination power of the combination of bone turnover marker in assessing BMD among the six gorups, there was no statistically significant difference in BMD of Lumbar2-4 and Femur (Neck, Ward. Trochanter). In case of both higher than reference range of osteocalcin and deoxypyridinoline(D-pyr), BMD of Lumbar2-4 and Femur in postmenopausal women had a negative correlation with YSM. In case of higher than normal reference range of D-pyr and within the reference range of osteocalcin, BMD of Femur had a negative correlation with YSM. CONCLUSION: Thus each bone site had its own good combination of bone marker levels to correlate the BMD according to the YSM.
Biomarkers* ; Bone Density* ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Female ; Femur ; Humans ; Menopause ; Osteocalcin ; Osteogenesis ; Reference Values

OBJECTIVE: Ovarian failure is often common complication by the conditioning protocol used for bone marrow transplantation (BMT). To determine the frequency of recovery of ovarian function after allo-BMT and the major factor that predict recovery, we monitored ovarian function in 24 premenopausal women METHOD: Twenty-four women met the inclusion criteria, which were (1) moderate to severe aplastic anemia before BMT, (2) disease-free at least 18 month after transplantation, (3) age younger than 40 years and more than 3 years after menarche at transplantation and (4) regular menstrual periods before transplantation. Recovery of ovarian function was determined by regular menses without menopausal symptom and sign. we divided conditioning regimen to two groups, Group I : cytoxan alone(n=17), Group II : cytoxan plus total body irradiation (TBI)(n=7). RESULTS: All women became amenorrhea after BMT and the clinical characteristics were not significant between two groups. 17 patients who received only cytoxan all recovered ovarian function between 1 to 14 months(median : 7.28) after BMT. The median age at BMT of women with regained ovarian function was 26 years (range, 21 to 33) versus 30 (range, 21 to 37) for those who did not. The age at transplantation was not significant between two groups in our study and the most predictive independent factor in ovarian recovery is the presence of total body irradiation. None of women who received TBI regained ovarian function during 19-49 month follow up. CONCLUSION: Gonadal insufficiency due to pre-BMT conditioning is more severe in radiation based regimen than cytoxan alone. therefore, we recommend early hormone replacement therapy in radiation treated women to prevent the complication of premature menopause.
Amenorrhea ; Anemia, Aplastic* ; Bone Marrow Transplantation* ; Bone Marrow* ; Cyclophosphamide ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gonads ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Menarche ; Menopause, Premature ; Whole-Body Irradiation

PURPOSE: Leptin is a protein encoded by the ob gene that is expressed in adipocytes. It regulates eating behavior by the action to the satiety centers in the hypothalamus. In ob/ob mouse, adipocytes can not produce leptin because of a mutation in the ob gene which results in obesity. Whereas, leptin concentrations were elevated in obese adults, and leptin levels in obese children has not been studied much until now. The purpose of this study is to evaluate leptin concentrations in obese children and to find out correlating factors with leptin. METHODS: Thirty-six obese childrens whose weight is above 97 percentile of korean weight standard and 39 children with average weight were included. Height, weight, waist to hip ratio, fat weight and lean body mass were measured. The serum levels of leptin, insulin, cholesterol and triglyceride were measured. RESULTS: Mean age was 10.8 +/- 2.5 years in obese group and 10.6 +/- 2.6 years in control group. Obesity percent was 51.6 +/- 18.8% in obese and 8.8 +/- 10.2% in control group. Body mass index (BMI) was 26.3 +/- 5.8kg/m2 in obese group and 17.3 +/- 1.9kg/m2 in control group. Leptin levels of obese group (13.7 +/- 5.4ng/ml) were significantly higher than that of the control group (3.6 +/- 3.3ng/ ml). Leptin levels showed no significant difference by gender and by pubertal development. Leptin levels significantly correlated with BMI, obesity percent, fat weight, and serum cholesterol level but showed no significant correlation with lean body mass, serum fasting insulin and triglyceride levels. CONCLUSION: Serum leptin levels of obesity group were significantly higher than that of the control group, and they were correlated with BMI, obesity percent and fat weight. Additional research is necessary to assess the mechanism of leptin resistance in obese children.
Adipocytes ; Adult ; Animals ; Body Mass Index ; Child* ; Cholesterol ; Fasting ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; Hypothalamus ; Insulin ; Leptin* ; Mice ; Obesity ; Triglycerides ; Waist-Hip Ratio

PURPOSE: Leptin is a protein encoded by the ob gene that is expressed in adipocytes. It regulates eating behavior by the action to the satiety centers in the hypothalamus. In ob/ob mouse, adipocytes can not produce leptin because of a mutation in the ob gene which results in obesity. Whereas, leptin concentrations were elevated in obese adults, and leptin levels in obese children has not been studied much until now. The purpose of this study is to evaluate leptin concentrations in obese children and to find out correlating factors with leptin. METHODS: Thirty-six obese childrens whose weight is above 97 percentile of korean weight standard and 39 children with average weight were included. Height, weight, waist to hip ratio, fat weight and lean body mass were measured. The serum levels of leptin, insulin, cholesterol and triglyceride were measured. RESULTS: Mean age was 10.8 +/- 2.5 years in obese group and 10.6 +/- 2.6 years in control group. Obesity percent was 51.6 +/- 18.8% in obese and 8.8 +/- 10.2% in control group. Body mass index (BMI) was 26.3 +/- 5.8kg/m2 in obese group and 17.3 +/- 1.9kg/m2 in control group. Leptin levels of obese group (13.7 +/- 5.4ng/ml) were significantly higher than that of the control group (3.6 +/- 3.3ng/ ml). Leptin levels showed no significant difference by gender and by pubertal development. Leptin levels significantly correlated with BMI, obesity percent, fat weight, and serum cholesterol level but showed no significant correlation with lean body mass, serum fasting insulin and triglyceride levels. CONCLUSION: Serum leptin levels of obesity group were significantly higher than that of the control group, and they were correlated with BMI, obesity percent and fat weight. Additional research is necessary to assess the mechanism of leptin resistance in obese children.
Adipocytes ; Adult ; Animals ; Body Mass Index ; Child* ; Cholesterol ; Fasting ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; Hypothalamus ; Insulin ; Leptin* ; Mice ; Obesity ; Triglycerides ; Waist-Hip Ratio