No abstract available.
Colonialism* ; Leprosy*

Vascularized fibular graft is one of the treatment option for avascular necrosis of femoral head (ANFH) and has been known as providing a strut mechanical support and new vascular bed. It is very important to evaluate a healing process in femoral head after vascularization procedure. But a plain radiographic finding has a problem to assess pathological changes of ANFH treated with vascularized fibular graft. Authors analyzed chronogical changes of Tc-99m-HDP bone scan in 31 cases of ANFH treated with vascularized fibular graft from April, 1991 to May, 1994 and following results were obtained. l. Until 2 months after surgery, no change in size of cold defect area and no significant change in extent of RI uptake in reactive zone were noted. 2. During 2 months and 6 months after surgery, slight decrease in size of cold defect area and minimal changes in extent of RI uptake in reactive zone were observed. 3. During 6 months and 12 months after surgery, size of cold defect area decreased to 1/2 and changes in extent and degree of RI uptake in reactive zone were observed. 4. During 1 year and 2 years after surgery, size of cold defect area were minimal and sometimes faded away. RI uptake with decreased density in reactive zone broadened and moved to subchondral area. 5. After 2 years after surgery, cold area faded away and small increased RI uptake were observed in same site. In conclusion, Tc-99m-HDP bone scan which is economic and easily applicable in a patient is very useful for follow up study in ANFH treated with vascularized fibular graft.
Follow-Up Studies ; Head* ; Hip ; Humans ; Necrosis* ; Transplants*

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to determine whether or not newly proposed high-resolution activity features could provide a superior analytic foundation compared to those commonly used to assess transitions in children's activities, under circumstances in which the types of courses attended exert different situational effects on activity levels. METHODS: From 153 children at a local elementary school, 10 subjects with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 7 controls were recruited. Their activity data was collected using an actigraph while they attended school. Ratios of partitioned activity ranges (0.5-2.8 G) during the entire activity were extracted during three classes: art, mathematics, and native language (Korean). Extracted activity features for each participant were compared between the two groups of children (ADHD and control) using graphs and statistical analysis. RESULTS: Activity distributions between ADHD and control groups for each class showed statistically significant differences spread through the entire range in art class compared to native language and mathematics classes. The ADHD group, but not the control group, experienced many significantly different intervals (> 50%) having low to very high activity acceleration regions during the art and languages courses. CONCLUSIONS: Class content appears to influence the activity patterns of ADHD children. Monitoring the actual magnitude and activity counts in a wide range of subjects could facilitate the examination of distributions or patterns of activities. Objective activity measurements made with an actigraph may be useful for monitoring changes in activities in children with ADHD in a timely manner.
Acceleration ; Actigraphy ; Activities of Daily Living ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Child ; Humans ; Mathematics ; Motor Activity ; Pilot Projects

No abstract available.
Cyclosporine* ; Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay* ; Fluorescence Polarization* ; Fluorescence*

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between leisure time physical activities (LTPA) and metabolic syndrome (MS). METHODS: Five thousand seven hundred and thirty two adults 40 years old or older were enrolled in the study from April 2009 to December 2010. National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III was used for the criteria of MS, and Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to measure LTPA. After adjusted covariates (age, hypertension, smoking, drinking, education level, household income level, work time physical activities, and menopause for females), the relationship between LTPA and MS was analyzed using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of MS was 22.8% in men, and 14.1% in women. Average LTPA was 1,498 kcal/wk in men, and 1,308 kcal/wk in women. After adjustment for covariates, the odds ratios of middle and low LTPA compared with high LTPA were 1.06 (0.87-1.34), 1.54 (1.08-1.75), for women, this same association was not seen in men. The prevalence of MS was 22.8% in men and 14.1% in women, and their LTPA burned 1,498 and 1,308 kcal/wk, respectively. When the odds ratio of MS for the high LTPA group was set at 1.0, the odds ratio of MS was 1.06 (0.87-1.34) in the middle LTPA group and 1.54 (1.08-1.75) in the low LTPA group in women, which showed that the MS risk increased when the LTPA was lower. This same association was not seen in men. CONCLUSION: LTPA was independently associated with metabolic syndrome, but only for women.
Adult ; Burns ; Cholesterol ; Drinking ; Education ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Leisure Activities* ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Menopause ; Minnesota ; Motor Activity* ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Smoke ; Smoking

PURPOSE: The incidence of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) which is one of the most common cause of childhood blindness has not decreased despite the restricted use of oxygen. There may be other factors responsible for ROP which could not be explained solely by improved survival of very low birth weight infants. We tried to clarify perinatal risk factors that are nrelated to the occurrence of ROP. METHODS: We enrolled 239 infants with gestational ages less than 33 wks or with birth weight less than 1,800 gm who had received ophthalrnologic examination between Jan. 1995 and Dec. 1997. The patients were categorized into two groups,' "No ROP" group as control(n=185) and ROP group as study population(n=54), and we compared the perinatal risk factors between the two. RESULTS: 54(22.6%) out of 239 infants were diagnosed as having ROP. The annual incidence of ROP decreased but the incidence of treated ROP increased. The incidence of ROP decreased with longer gestation and higher birth weight. Mean gestational age was 30.3 weeks in the study group vs 31.0 weeks in the control group, and mean birth weight was 1,390 gm and 1,586 gm, respectively. Significant factors contributing to increased incidence of ROP included: duration of oxygen therapy, ventilator therapy, total parenteral nutrition and hospitalization, frequency of hyperoxia, hypercarbia, and transfusion and respiratory distress syndrome, umbilical artery catheterization, intraventricular hemorrhage, sepsis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, use of dexamethasone and aminophylline, pneumonia, air leak syndrome, and hyperglycemia. The incidence of ROP and treated ROP was not influenced by the mode of surfactant treatment(prophylactic vs rescue) in RDS patients and the mode of dexamethasone treatment(short vs long) in BPD patients. CONCLUSION: The risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity included gestational age, birth weight and duration of oxygen, as well as other aforementioned perinatal factors. The occurrence of ROP can be decreased by preventing preterm birth, minimizing the use of oxygen, and further morbidity can be prevented by performing proper ophthalmologic examination and doing an appropriate follow-up.
Aminophylline ; Birth Weight ; Blindness ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Dexamethasone ; Gestational Age ; Hemorrhage ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Hyperoxia ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Oxygen ; Parenteral Nutrition, Total ; Pneumonia ; Pregnancy ; Premature Birth ; Retinopathy of Prematurity* ; Risk Factors* ; Sepsis ; Umbilical Arteries ; Ventilators, Mechanical

PURPOSE: We tried to check the accuracy of references in the Journal of the Korean Pediatric Society and Journals of the Korean Pediatric Subspecialty Societies. We also wanted to know the citation patterns of authors by analyzing the frequency of cited materials. METHODS: Three journals were randomly selected from the 2000 issues of Journal of the Korean Pediatric Society and nine journals were selected mainly from the second half of 2000 issues of each Journal of the Korean Pediatric Subspecialty Societies for the study. Then the accuracy of references was checked with Medline. Journals before 1964, books, and journals which were not written in English were used only in the citation pattern analysis. RESULTS: Author errors were the most common(21.3%) among the reference elements. The next was title errors, followed by page errors, journal errors, volume errors and year errors. Total average error rate was 34.7% and we were unable to find journals in 89 cases(2.2%). The journal of the Korean Society of Neonatology had the lowest error rate(17.4%) and the journal of the Korean Pediatric Cardiology Society had the highest error rate(53.2%). The reference journals which were published and quoted in the most recent three years were only 612 cases(15%). Foreign journals were selected as reference(78.4%) more than domestic journals; The Journal of the Korean Pediatric Society was the most frequently cited reference(43.3%) among domestic journals. CONCLUSION: Authors are ultimately responsible for the accuracy of references and they should check the reference list with responsibility. Hopefully, authors also will have to use more domestic journals and recent journals.
Cardiology ; Neonatology

A fibromatosis or desmoid tumor of the breast is an extremely rare benign tumor, which is often presented clinically and radiologically as a malignant tumor. Although benign, fibromatosis or desmoid tumors can grow aggressively in local infiltrating patterns. The recurrence is relatively common; hence a wide excision with a clear margin around the tumor is necessary. We report a case of a young female patient with a recurring fibromatosis of the breast after a local excision.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Female ; Fibroma ; Fibromatosis, Aggressive ; Humans ; Recurrence

Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare malignant soft tissue tumor of uncertain origin, and it has a strong propensity for metastasis to the lungs, bones and brain. We report upon an unusual case of ASPS, presenting as multiple lung nodules with no other detectable primary site, in a 44-year-old man. A fine needle aspiration of the nodules yielded scattered, discohesive cells, each containing an eccentrically displaced nucleus and prominent nucleolus, on a granular background. Tumor cells with numerous bared nuclei, and occasional sheets of epithelioid cells were also found. Under the cytological diagnosis of an unclassified epithelioid malignant tumor, resection of the lung nodules was performed. The histologic findings were consistent with ASPS, showing positive TFE3-nuclear immunoreactivity. There is limited literature concerning cytological findings associated with pulmonary ASPS: especially in cases where the primary site is unknown. Here, we present a cytological review of pulmonary ASPS, investigating the significance of TFE3 staining in the diagnosis of ASPS.
Adult ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Brain ; Epithelioid Cells ; Humans ; Lung ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Sarcoma, Alveolar Soft Part ; Viperidae

Intussusception is a relatively common disease in children, but it is a rare clinical entity in adults. More than 80% of all patients with intussusception are less than two years of age, but adults account for only 5 to 10 percent of all intussusception cases. The significance of this disease in the aspect of statistics is mentioned as "rule of fives", which means 5% of all intussusceptions occur in adults, and it accounts for up to 5% of all cases of bowel obstruction in adults. In children, classic symptoms include episodic abdominal pain, "current-jelly" stool and a sausage-shaped abdominal mass on examination. However, in adults, it is likely to appear with non-specific gastrointestinal trouble without classic symptoms. Therefore, it is very important to use early diagnositic tool. In contrast to childhood intussusception, which is idiopathic in 90% of cases, adult intussusception has a definable lesion in more than 90% of cases 3). Tumors, both benign and malignant, are the most frequent cause of intussusecption in adults. We experienced seven cases of adult intussusception at Inha hospital from Jan. 1994 to Dec. 1997. The patients of adult intussusception are classified as three cases of ileoileal type and four ileocecal type. There were no specific signs or symptoms with patient experienced. It included abdominal pain, diarrhea and palpable mass. Their diagnosis was made in six patients using abdominal CT scan. It is difficult to define a diagnosis preoperatively, because the symptom of adult intussusception are variable and insignificant among individuals. We had been taken the final diagnostic tool with the abdominal CT scan in six of seven patients, which revealed "target lesions" in all cases. So, it is useful in the diagnosis of adult intussusception. Bowels were resected for the treatment of adult intussusception. The extent of the resection was contained the lesion and the defunctioned segments. The operations were performed as four segmental resections of small bowel and three ileocecal resections. The pathological findings were disclosed as three tumors, three lymphadenopathies and a adhesion of bowel. We concluded that the abdominal CT scanning is a usefull diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of adult intussusception.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult* ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Diarrhea ; Humans ; Intussusception* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed*