1.Association between Falls and Nutritional Status of Community-Dwelling Elderly People in Korea
Ah-Ra JO ; Mi-Jeong PARK ; Byung-Gue LEE ; Young-Gyun SEO ; Hong-Ji SONG ; Yu-Jin PAEK ; Kyung-Hee PARK ; Hye-Mi NOH
Korean Journal of Family Medicine 2020;41(2):111-118
Background:
Malnutrition is a well-known risk factor of falls, although studies examining the association between nutritional status and falls are rare. We aimed to investigate the association between nutritional status and falls according to gender among Korean older adults.
Methods:
The study included 10,675 participants (4,605 men and 6,070 women) aged 65 years and older and used data from the 2011 Survey of Living Conditions and Welfare Needs of Korean Older Persons. Nutritional status of the participants was assessed using the Nutritional Screening Initiative checklist, and the participants were categorized into the following groups: “good,” “moderate nutritional risk,” and “high nutritional risk.” Odds ratios (OR) of fall risk in the above groups based on gender were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analyses.
Results:
Fallers in both genders showed significant association with older age, lower household income, inadequate exercise, and poor nutritional status compared with non-fallers. Considering the good nutritional status group as the reference group, the high nutritional risk group showed a higher risk of falls in men (OR, 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26–1.99); both moderate and high nutritional risk groups showed a higher risk of falls after adjusting for confounding factors in women (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.19–1.62 and OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.61–2.24, respectively).
Conclusion
The risk of falls was associated with poor nutritional status, and statistical significance of the association between nutritional status and falls was stronger in women than in men.
2.Insulin Resistance and Obesity according to Degree of Acanthosis Nigricans in Obese Korean Children and Adolescents
Byung-Gue LEE ; Kyung Hee PARK ; Young-Gyun SEO ; Hye-Mi NOH ; Hong-Ji SONG ; Yu-Jin PAEK ; Mi-Jeong PARK ; Ah-Ra JO
Korean Journal of Family Practice 2020;10(5):332-337
Background:
Recent studies suggest that acanthosis nigricans (AN) is associated with insulin resistance in obese children. However, very few studies have assessed insulin resistance and obesity according to the degree of AN. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between the degree of obesity and insulin resistance according to the severity of AN.
Methods:
A total of 141 participants (83 boys and 58 girls) aged 6−17 years were recruited for the Intervention for Childhood and Adolescents obesity via Activity and Nutrition study between 2016 and 2017. The participants were categorized into four groups according to the severity of AN: grade 0 (n=69), grade 1 (n=19), grade 2–3 (n=35), and grade 4 (n=18). All participants underwent physical examination and blood tests. We compared the mean homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) and body mass index Z score (BMI Z-score) in each group using ANCOVA and linear regression model.
Results:
The HOMA-IR, which represents insulin resistance, increased with increasing AN severity (grade 0 group: 3.25±0.070; grade 1 group: 3.97±0.103; grade 2–3 group: 4.76±0.079; AN grade 4: 6.40±0.107; P for trend<0.001). Similarly, the BMI Z-score, which represents the degree of obesity, increased with increasing AN severity (grade 0 group: 2.29±0.052; grade 1 group: 2.42±0.080; grade 2–3 group: 2.44±0.062, grade 4: 2.67±0.089; P for trend<0.001).
Conclusion
Insulin resistance and the degree of obesity increase with the severity of AN in Korean obese children.
3.Effect of High Glucose on Nitric Oxide Production in Culteured Rat Mesangial Cells.
Hyun Jin NOH ; Hun Joo HA ; Mi Ra YOO ; Suk Kyun SHIN ; Hyun Yong SONG ; Jae Ha HWANG ; Shin Wook KANG ; Kyu Heon CHOI ; Dae Seok HAN ; Ho Young LEE
Korean Journal of Nephrology 1999;18(6):856-868
Diabetic nephopathy is one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease and characterized pathologically by the glomerular mesangial expansion and increased extracellular matrix(ECM) formation. Glomerular hyper-filtration and increased vascular permeability observed in the early stage of diabetic nephropathy have been proposed to play a significant pathophysiologic role in the eventual development of glomerulosclerosis of dia-betic nephropathy. Some studies have suggested that this glomerular hyperfiltration is mediated by increased nitric oxide(NO) production via the constitutive nitric oxide synthase(cNOS) pathway present in endothelial cells under the high glucose environment. However, the exact role of the inducible NOS(iNOS) pathway present in mesangial cells in the pathogenesis of diabetic neph-ropathy is not clearly established. The present study was carried out to examine whether NO production via the iNOS pathway is mo-dulated in cultured rat mesangial cells exposed to the high glucose environment and underlying mechanism of this modulation. For this purpose, the production of the stable metabolite of NO(nitrite), intracellular cyclic gu-anosine monophosphate(cGMP), iNOS mRNA expression and iNOS protein synthesis were examined under different glucose concentrations. Rat mesangial cells cultured in high glucose concen- tration(30mM D-glucose) increased significantly nitrit#e/ nitrate production and intracellular cGMP levels upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide(LPS) plus interfer-on-r (IFN-r ) compared with control glucose concen- tration(5.6mM D-glucose). Mesangial iNOS mRNA expression and protein synthesis also increased signifi- cantly in response to high glucose. This enhanced iNOS mRNA expression induced by high glucose concentration was significantly suppressed by protein kinase C(PKC) inhibitor, calphostin C, and the aldose reductase inhibitor, 6-bromo-l, 3-dioxo-1H- benz[d, elisoquinoline-2(3H)-acetic acid. These results indicate that high glucose in combination with stimulation by LPS plus IFN- r enhances NO production from mesangial cells by the iNOS pathway, and that the activation of PKC and the polyol pathway may play a role in this enhancement.
Aldehyde Reductase
;
Animals
;
Capillary Permeability
;
Diabetic Nephropathies
;
Endothelial Cells
;
Glucose*
;
Kidney Failure, Chronic
;
Mesangial Cells*
;
Nitric Oxide*
;
Protein Kinases
;
Rats*
;
RNA, Messenger
4.A Study on Viral Hepatitis Markers and Abnormal Liver Function Test in Adults Living in Northwest Area of Chungnam.
Suk Bae KIM ; Won Kyung LEE ; Hoon CHOI ; So Mi KIM ; Rhan NOH ; Ha Yan KANG ; Sang Suk LEE ; Sung Soo RA ; Jae Hwan GONG ; Hyun Duk SHIN
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology 2009;53(6):355-360
BACKGROUND/AIMS: We studied the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B, C and abnormality on liver function among the population in northwest area of Chungnam. METHODS: We have reviewed 40,112 adults who had received medical examination at health promotion center in Dankook university hospital. We studied them retrospectively about HBsAg, HBsAb, anti-HCV, and liver function test (LFT). RESULTS: Among the study subjects, 22,936 men and 17,176 women were involved. The overall seroprevalence of HBsAg was 4.2%. The prevalence in men (4.5%) was higher than that of women (3.7%) (p<0.001). The seroprevalence of HBsAg in their age was 5.1% in the 5th decade, 4.2% in the 2nd decade, 4.1% in the 4th decade, and 4.1% in the 6th decade. The overall seroprevalence of HBsAb was 65.1%. The overall seroprevalence of anti-HCV was 0.7%. After we reexamined them with HCV RNA or RIBA (Recombinant Immunoblot Assay), the prevalence of chronic hepatitis C was 0.09%. The LFT abnormality in total subjects was 11.4%. The LFT abnormality of chronic hepatitis B and C subjects was 21.72% and 63.2%. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of chronic hepatitis B and C was lower than that of previous studies. The prevalence of chronic hepatitis B in the 2nd decade was still high.
Adolescent
;
Adult
;
Aged
;
Aged, 80 and over
;
Child
;
Female
;
Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood
;
Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/blood
;
Hepatitis B, Chronic/*epidemiology/immunology/physiopathology
;
Hepatitis C Antibodies/blood
;
Hepatitis C, Chronic/*epidemiology/immunology/physiopathology
;
Humans
;
Korea
;
Liver Function Tests
;
Male
;
Middle Aged
;
Prevalence
;
RNA, Viral/blood
;
Retrospective Studies
5.Immunohistochemical Study for the Syndecan-2 in Cutaneous Melanoma and Pigmented Nevus.
Woo Jin YOON ; So Ra CHOI ; Tai Kyung NOH ; Ho Young PARK ; Jung Ran CHOI ; Sung Eun CHANG ; Mi Woo LEE ; Jee Ho CHOI
Korean Journal of Dermatology 2013;51(10):776-781
BACKGROUND: Melanoma is a malignant neoplasm originating from melanocytes. It has been recently suggested that syndecan-2 may contribute to the aggressive phenotype and metastatic potential of melanoma in cell line studies. However, there is no quantitative analysis of syndecan-2 expression using human melanoma tissue. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the specific expression of syndecan-2 in human melanoma tissue. METHODS: A total of 35 sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were investigated for syndecan-2 expression using immunohistochemical staining. Also, a total of 6 tissues and two kinds of cell lines were analyzed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining of 23 cases of melanoma tissue was done, and in 5 cases (21.7%), strong expression of syndecan-2 was seen. Also, syndecan-2 was detected in human melanoma tissue and MNT-1 melanoma cells by RT-PCR and western blot analysis. CONCLUSION: We suggest that syndecan-2 expression is increased in melanoma compared to nevus. The results of this study may help to explain the clinical features of melanoma and syndecan-2.
Blotting, Western
;
Cell Line
;
Humans
;
Melanocytes
;
Melanoma*
;
Nevus
;
Nevus, Pigmented*
;
Phenotype
;
Polymerase Chain Reaction
;
Syndecan-2*
6.IDH2 gene deficiency accelerates unilateral ureteral obstructioninduced kidney inflammation through oxidative stress and activation of macrophages
Jee In KIM ; Mi Ra NOH ; Ga-Eun YOON ; Hee-Seong JANG ; Min Jung KONG ; Kwon Moo PARK
The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 2021;25(2):139-146
Mitochondrial NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) produces NADPH, which is known to inhibit mitochondrial oxidative stress. Ureteral obstruction induces kidney inflammation and fibrosis via oxidative stress. Here, we investigated the role and underlying mechanism of IDH2 in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced kidney inflammation using IDH2 gene deleted mice (IDH2–/–). Eight- to 10-week-old female IDH2–/– mice and wild type (IDH2+/+) littermates were subjected to UUO and kidneys were harvested 5 days after UUO. IDH2 was not detected in the kidneys of IDH2–/– mice, while UUO decreased IDH2 in IDH2+/+ mice. UUO increased the expressions of markers of oxidative stress in both IDH2+/+ and IDH2–/– mice, and these changes were greater in IDH2–/– mice compared to IDH2+/+ mice. Bone marrow-derived macrophages of IDH2–/– mice showed a more migrating phenotype with greater ruffle formation and Rac1 distribution than that of IDH2+/+ mice. Correspondently, UUO-induced infiltration of monocytes/macrophages was greater in IDH2–/– mice compared to IDH2+/+ mice. Taken together, these data demonstrate that IDH2 plays a protective role against UUO-induced inflammation through inhibition of oxidative stress and macrophage infiltration.
7.IDH2 gene deficiency accelerates unilateral ureteral obstructioninduced kidney inflammation through oxidative stress and activation of macrophages
Jee In KIM ; Mi Ra NOH ; Ga-Eun YOON ; Hee-Seong JANG ; Min Jung KONG ; Kwon Moo PARK
The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 2021;25(2):139-146
Mitochondrial NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) produces NADPH, which is known to inhibit mitochondrial oxidative stress. Ureteral obstruction induces kidney inflammation and fibrosis via oxidative stress. Here, we investigated the role and underlying mechanism of IDH2 in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced kidney inflammation using IDH2 gene deleted mice (IDH2–/–). Eight- to 10-week-old female IDH2–/– mice and wild type (IDH2+/+) littermates were subjected to UUO and kidneys were harvested 5 days after UUO. IDH2 was not detected in the kidneys of IDH2–/– mice, while UUO decreased IDH2 in IDH2+/+ mice. UUO increased the expressions of markers of oxidative stress in both IDH2+/+ and IDH2–/– mice, and these changes were greater in IDH2–/– mice compared to IDH2+/+ mice. Bone marrow-derived macrophages of IDH2–/– mice showed a more migrating phenotype with greater ruffle formation and Rac1 distribution than that of IDH2+/+ mice. Correspondently, UUO-induced infiltration of monocytes/macrophages was greater in IDH2–/– mice compared to IDH2+/+ mice. Taken together, these data demonstrate that IDH2 plays a protective role against UUO-induced inflammation through inhibition of oxidative stress and macrophage infiltration.
8.Korea Seroprevalence Study of Monitoring of SARS-COV-2 Antibody Retention and Transmission (K-SEROSMART): findings from national representative sample
Jina HAN ; Hye Jin BAEK ; Eunbi NOH ; Kyuhyun YOON ; Jung Ae KIM ; Sukhyun RYU ; Kay O LEE ; No Yai PARK ; Eunok JUNG ; Sangil KIM ; Hyukmin LEE ; Yoo-Sung HWANG ; Jaehun JUNG ; Hun Jae LEE ; Sung-il CHO ; Sangcheol OH ; Migyeong KIM ; Chang-Mo OH ; Byengchul YU ; Young-Seoub HONG ; Keonyeop KIM ; Sunjae JUNG ; Mi Ah HAN ; Moo-Sik LEE ; Jung-Jeung LEE ; Young HWANGBO ; Hyeon Woo YIM ; Yu-Mi KIM ; Joongyub LEE ; Weon-Young LEE ; Jae-Hyun PARK ; Sungsoo OH ; Heui Sug JO ; Hyeongsu KIM ; Gilwon KANG ; Hae-Sung NAM ; Ju-Hyung LEE ; Gyung-Jae OH ; Min-Ho SHIN ; Soyeon RYU ; Tae-Yoon HWANG ; Soon-Woo PARK ; Sang Kyu KIM ; Roma SEOL ; Ki-Soo PARK ; Su Young KIM ; Jun-wook KWON ; Sung Soon KIM ; Byoungguk KIM ; June-Woo LEE ; Eun Young JANG ; Ah-Ra KIM ; Jeonghyun NAM ; ; Soon Young LEE ; Dong-Hyun KIM
Epidemiology and Health 2023;45(1):e2023075-
OBJECTIVES:
We estimated the population prevalence of antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), including unreported infections, through a Korea Seroprevalence Study of Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Retention and Transmission (K-SEROSMART) in 258 communities throughout Korea.
METHODS:
In August 2022, a survey was conducted among 10,000 household members aged 5 years and older, in households selected through two stage probability random sampling. During face-to-face household interviews, participants self-reported their health status, COVID-19 diagnosis and vaccination history, and general characteristics. Subsequently, participants visited a community health center or medical clinic for blood sampling. Blood samples were analyzed for the presence of antibodies to spike proteins (anti-S) and antibodies to nucleocapsid proteins (anti-N) SARS-CoV-2 proteins using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. To estimate the population prevalence, the PROC SURVEYMEANS statistical procedure was employed, with weighting to reflect demographic data from July 2022.
RESULTS:
In total, 9,945 individuals from 5,041 households were surveyed across 258 communities, representing all basic local governments in Korea. The overall population-adjusted prevalence rates of anti-S and anti-N were 97.6% and 57.1%, respectively. Since the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency has reported a cumulative incidence of confirmed cases of 37.8% through July 31, 2022, the proportion of unreported infections among all COVID-19 infection was suggested to be 33.9%.
CONCLUSIONS
The K-SEROSMART represents the first nationwide, community-based seroepidemiologic survey of COVID-19, confirming that most individuals possess antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and that a significant number of unreported cases existed. Furthermore, this study lays the foundation for a surveillance system to continuously monitor transmission at the community level and the response to COVID-19.