PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to verify the effectiveness of the model based on the TPB, behavior-related theories, and exercise-related empirical studies in predicting exercise intention and behavior. METHODS: The subjects who participated in this study were 152 middle-aged women. The data were analyzed by use of SAS PC program and LISREL 8.12a program. RESULTS: 1) The overall fit of the hypothetical model to the data was acceptable(x2 24.01(p=0.0043), x2/df 2.67, RMSEA 0.11, standardized RMR 0.04, GFI 0.97, AGFI 0.84, NFI 0.95, NNFI 0.85). 2) Affect, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and habit were significant determinants of the exercise intention. Attitude and facilitating conditions were not significant determinants. These six variables explained 43% of the total variance of the exercise intention. 3) Perceived behavioral control and habit were significant determinants of the exercise behavior. Intention and facilitating conditions were not significant determinants. These four variables explained 95% of the total variance of the exercise behavior. CONCLUSION: This study shows the model's applicabiltiy in explaining exercise behavior of middle-aged women, and suggests that we should focus on perceived behavioral control and habit rather than intention to improve exercise behavior of middle-aged women.
Female ; Humans ; Intention

This study has been undertaken in order to 1) test the effect of health education on the performance of health promoting lifestyle, self efficacy, control and perceived health status in college students, 2) assess whether pretreatment level of self-efficacy, control, and perceived health status predict post-treatment health promoting lifestyle, 3) assess whether pre-to post-treatment changes in self-efficacy, control, and perceived health status predict post-treatment health promoting lifestyle, and 4) examine the correlation between changes in subscales of health promoting lifestyle. One-group pretest-posttest design was used. Fifty eight college students at T college in T city were studied. They attended a health education, which is composed of 13 sessions(one session per week, 130 minutes per one session). This study was conducted from August 26 to December 2. The instrument used for this study included a survey of general characteristics, self-efficacy, control, perceived health status and health promoting behavior. Analysis of data was done by use of mean, percentage, paired t-test, pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression. The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1) The average item score for the health promoting lifestyle was low at 2.301. In the sub-categories, the highest degree of performance was interpersonal support(2.87), following self actualization, nutrition, stress management, exercise, and the lowest degree was health responsibility(1.67). Female students had lowest degree in exercise subscale(1.48). A significant correlation between self-efficacy and control, self-efficacy and perceived health status, self-efficacy and health promoting lifestyle, control and health promoting lifestyle. Self-efficacy was the highest factor predicting health promoting lifestyle of college students(38.31%). 2) No significant difference among total health promoting lifestyle and subcategories of health promoting lifestyle. Self-efficacy was increased after health education than that of before education(T=2.33, P=.023). Control was decreased after education than that of before education(T=-2.03, P=.046). 3) Pretreatment self-efficacy, control, and health status did not predict post-treatment health promoting lifestyle. 4) Pre-to post-treatment changes in self-efficacy predicted post-treatment stress management subscore. 5) Pre-to post-treatment changes in control predicted post-treatment self actualization and exercise subscale. A significant correlation between changes in self-actualization and changes in exercise, changes in self-actualization and changes in nutrition, changes in health responsibility and changes in exercise, changes in exercise and changes in interpersonal support, changes in exercise and changes in stress management, changes in nutrition and changes in interpersonal support, and changes in interpersonal support and changes in stress management.
Education ; Female ; Health Education* ; Humans ; Life Style* ; Self Efficacy

This study was undertaken in order to examine the effect of hardiness on future stress-related physical symptoms in the female students in a longitudinal design. The subjects who participated in this study were 97 female nursing students (in the analysis of data after 1 year). The instruments used for this study were a survey of general characteristics, stress (43 items), hardiness(25 items), and physical symptoms(35 items). Analysis of data was done by use of mean and hierarchical multiple regression with the SAS program. The results of this study were as follows. 1) Main effects of hardiness on future stress-related physical symptoms was found. 2) The stress buffering effects of hardiness were not found.
Female ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies* ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing*

Hydrocephalus is a common malformation of the central nervous system and its cause may be either congenital or acquired. The imbalance between CSF formation and absorption, obstruction of CSF pathways, impaired venous absorption, and over secretion of CSF results in excessive accumulation of the fluid in the ventricles, leading to hydrocephalus. Although ventriculo-peritoneal shunt is regarded as the main and definitive therapy for rapidly progressive hydrocephalus, shunts in newborns have a high failure rate and thus there have been a search for alternative non-invasive techniques. Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhy- drase inhibitor, which acts by reducing production of CSF in the choroid plexus. Admini- stration of acetazolamide will decrease the rate of CSF production, preventing progressive ventricular enlargement. We experienced three cases of neonatal hydrocephalus successfully treated by long-term administration of acetazolamide. Brief review and related literatures were also presented.
Absorption ; Acetazolamide* ; Carbon ; Central Nervous System ; Choroid Plexus ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus* ; Infant, Newborn ; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt

PURPOSE: To examine the expression of Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF) in osteosarcoma and to evaluate its role in osteosarcoma invasion and proliferation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mRNA expression of CTGF from 23 patient-derived osteosarcoma cell lines was examined, and the role of CTGF in cell invasion and proliferation was examined using siRNA transfection. RESULTS: The over-expression of CTGF mRNA was observed in 17 cell lines (74%). CTGF-specific siRNA transfection into SaOS-2 and MG63 cell lines resulted in efficient knockdown of CTGF expression on Western blot analysis. siRNA transfected cells showed decreased migration on Matrigel invasion assay and decreased cell proliferation on WST-1 assay. CONCLUSION: These results indicated that the CTGF expression may play an important role in osteosarcoma progression, and may be a therapeutic target of osteosarcoma.
Blotting, Western ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; Connective Tissue Growth Factor ; Osteosarcoma* ; RNA, Messenger ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Transfection

No abstract available.
Mass Screening*

PURPOSE: A dance exercise program was performed to investigate the effects of exercise on exercise intention and exercise-related affect as these are important determinants of exercise behavior. METHOD: The subjects were overweight (23or=25) postmenopausal women (n=14), who participated in an exercise program from May, 2003 through November, 2003 at one public health center located in Kyong-gi Province. Data was analyzed with an SAS PC program. RESULT: Exercise intention was significantly increased after the exercise program (t=-2.24, P=0.04). Exercise-related affect was also increased, but there was no statistically significant change (t=1.81, P=0.09). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that exercise participation can increase the level of future exercise behavior by increasing exercise intention and exercise-related affect.
*Affect ; *Dancing ; *Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Intention ; Middle Aged ; Postmenopause/*psychology

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 12-week brisk walking and brisk walking plus diet program on C-Reactive Protein(CRP) in middle-aged obese hypertriglycemic(triglyceride > or =150 mg/dl) Korean women. METHOD: The subjects were 16 obese (BMI > or =25) hypertriglycemic middle-aged women (7 for brisk walking group, 9 for brisk walking plus diet group) who participated in a health promotion program at one public health center. Initially the brisk walking intervention consisted of walking for 20 minutes/day at an intensity of 40 to 50% of heart rate reserve(HRR) for 3 days/week and progressed to 50 minutes/day, 60 to 70% of their HRR, and 6 days/week. The diet intervention consisted of 60 minutes of group education and 20 to 30 minutes of individual counseling with a nutritionist every week. Data were analyzed with SPSS PC program. RESULTS: There was no significant reduction in CRP levels in both brisk walking (Z=-1.70, p=0.088) and brisk walking plus diet group(Z=-0.31, p=0.752). In brisk walking only group, CRP levels were increased after the intervention. CONCLUSION: Brisk walking could increase the level of CRP when it is in the course of progression and diet could decrease the acute phase inflammatory response.
C-Reactive Protein* ; Counseling ; Diet* ; Education ; Female ; Health Promotion ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertriglyceridemia ; Nutritionists ; Obesity ; Public Health ; Walking*

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 6-wk low intensity exercise program on fatigue, perceived health state, exercise-related affect, perceived benefits, and exercise self-efficacy for female college student's. The subjects of the study consisted of thirty-four female college students. The research subjects were assigned to experimental and control group. The experimental group participated in 13-17 and 30-60 minute sesseions of exercise program over 6 weeks. Data analysis was done by t-test with SAS program. The results of this study are as follows. 1) The first hypothesis, "The fatigue of experimental group will be lower than control group", was supported. 2) The second hypothesis, "The perceived health state of experimental group will be higher than control group", was not supported. 3) The third hypothesis, "The exercise-related affect of experimental group will be higher than control group", was not supported. 4) The fourth hypothesis, "The benefits of exercise of experimental group will be higher than control group", was not supported. 5) The fifth hypothesis, "The self-efficacy for exercise of experimental group will be higher than control group", was supported.
Fatigue* ; Female* ; Humans ; Research Subjects ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: This study was done to explore the experience process for depression in elderly women living alone. METHODS: Data was analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's Grounded theory. The twelve participants were elderly women living alone, aged 65 to 80 years. RESULTS: From the participants' statements, 116 concepts, 43 sub-categories and 16 categories were extracted by an open coding process. Core category was 'wandering in a waste land'. The experience process leading to depression in elderly women living alone had 4 phases: loss, emptiness, struggle and response. CONCLUSION: The findings in this study on the experience of depression in elderly women living alone can be used for evidence in a detailed assessment, early detection and prevention of depression in elderly women living alone.
Aged* ; Clinical Coding ; Depression* ; Female ; Grounded Theory ; Humans