BACKGROUND : The recent studies shows that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) related chronic gastritis leads to dysplasia, intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the association between precancerous lesion of stomach (dysplasia, intestinal metaplasia) and H.pylori infection in the elderly. METHODS : 469 patients were enrolled this study, Patients with intestinal metaplasia or dysplasia (case, n=148) were compared with controls (without intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia, n=321) about H. pylori positive rates H. pylori positivity was confirmed by histologic determination of endoscopic biopsy specimens. Results : 1) Among study populations H. pylori positive rates were 51.8% (55.8% in male, 40.7% in female). It was significantly higher in male (p=0.001). 2) There were no significant differences in sex distribution between cases and controls, but in old age, the cases were more frequent than in young age (p<0.001). 3) Age distribution of H. pylori positive rates were not significant between cases and controls. 47.5% in intestinal metaplasia, 43.4% in dysplasia, 21.3% in dysplasia+intestinal metaplasia were H. pylori positive. H. pylori positive rates were more higher in controls than cases, followed by in decreasing order by the intestinal metaplasia group, the dysplasia group, and those having both (p=0.003). 4) Age and sex adjusted H. pylori positive rates were more higher in controls (42.7%) than in cases (25.0%)(p<0.009). CONCLUSION : The prevalence of intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia was age dependent. But we couldn't explain the carcinogenic effect of H. pylori, because H. pylori positive rates were lower in cases than in controls
Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aging* ; Biopsy ; Gastritis ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Humans ; Male ; Metaplasia* ; Prevalence* ; Sex Distribution ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the qualities of the four different processing chemicals(solutions). MATERIALS AND METHODS: With EP 21 films(Ektaspeed plus film, Kodak Co., USA), nine unexposed and nine exposed films of a step wedge were processed utilizing automatic film processor(XR 24, Durr Co., Germany) for 5 days. During 5 days, the total number of processed films including out-patient's intraoral films were about 400-500 for each brand. Base plus fog density, film density, contrast of processed films were measured with densitometer(model 07-443 digital densitometer, Victoreen Co., USA). These measurements were analyzed for comparison. RESULTS: The results were as follows, 1. For the base plus fog density, there was significant difference among the four chemicals (p<0.05). The sequence of the base plus fog densities was in ascending order by Kodak, X-dol 90, Agfa and Konica. 2. For the film density, all chemicals showed useful range of photographic densities(0.25-2.5). The sequence of the film densities was in ascending order by Kodak, X-dol 90, Konica and Agfa. But there was no statistically significant difference of film density between X-dol and Kodak (p<0.05). 3. The sequence of the contrasts was in ascending order by Konica, X-dol 90, Kodak and Agfa. But there was no statistically significant difference of contrast between X-dol and Konica (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: These results indicated that the four processing chemicals had the clinically useful film density and contrast, but only Kodak processing chemical had useful base plus fog density.
Dentistry* ; Weather

Dietary counseling and oral nutritional supplements (ONS) should be considered to increase the nutritional intake of people malnourished or at risk of malnutrition. These supplements are typically ready-made liquids and contain a balanced mix of energy, protein, and micronutrients. The diabetes-specific ONS are specifically designed for patients with hyperglycemia or diabetes mellitus in order to provide better glycemic control such as postprandial glucose and HbA1c compared to the standard ONS. These supplements are lower in carbohydrates and higher in fat than standard supplements and are rich in monounsaturated fats. Using diabetes-specific ONS in malnourished diabetic patients can allow increasing energy intake while maintaining glucose control and improving nutritional status and also providing economic benefits. However, inadequate intake of ONS that do not fit the patient's condition can be a problem. Therefore, when using ONS for patients with diabetes, it is necessary to clinically evaluate the nutritional status of the patient and to provide individualized education and management accordingly.
Carbohydrates ; Counseling ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Education ; Energy Intake ; Fats ; Glucose ; Glycemic Index ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Malnutrition ; Micronutrients ; Nutritional Status

PURPOSE: This study investigates the effect of pregnant women's growth mindset on the stress of pregnancy through ego-resilience. METHODS: The subjects included 551 pregnant women in Seoul and Gyeonggi area. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire; statistical, frequency, correlation, and structural equation analyses were performed using SPSS21 and M-plus 7.0. RESULTS: First, pregnant women's growth mindset had a direct effect on pregnancy stress. Second, the mediating pathway that influenced pregnancy stress through the ego-resilience of growth mindset was significant. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that it is important to devise and practice a method to improve the growth mindset of pregnant women, enhance ego-resilience, and reduce the negative effects of stress by reducing pregnancy stress.
Female ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Methods ; Negotiating ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Seoul

This case was diagnosed as multiple cementoosseous dysplasia on the basis of clinical & radiological features but was diagnosed as ossifying fibroma on the basis of histopathological feature. The histopathologic features of the multiple cementoosseous dysplasia and cementoossifying fibroma have common features of cementum, fibrous network and bone. Multiple cementoosseous dysplasia is reactive lesion and shows restricted lesion size, occurred on anterior and posterior tooth of the mandible and needs no treatment except periodic follow up. But Cementoossifying fibroma is the true neoplasm and grows continuously and needs surgical removal. The final diagnosis of the multiple cementoosseous dysplasia requires good correlation of the clinical histopathological, and radiological features.
Dental Cementum ; Diagnosis ; Fibroma ; Fibroma, Ossifying ; Follow-Up Studies ; Mandible ; Tooth

Recently, we have experienced with various changes in the health insurance. Korean government is implementing the prospective payment system(PPS) as a pilot project to reduce medical expenditure. Case management is an effective way to reduce costs, while not sacrificing quality of service, under the PPS. In this study, the integrated decision support system(DSS) for case management was presented to support two case management activities ; utilization management and discharge planning. This system can be used in three ways ; prospective, concurrent, and retrospective management. By monitoring cases from medical record database, the DSS provides basic patient information, payment information, medical service information to the case manager. In the future, data warehouse should be introduced to integrate various databases related to case management and to improve quality of information produced by the DSS.
Case Management* ; Cesarean Section* ; Critical Pathways ; Diagnosis-Related Groups* ; Female ; Health Expenditures ; Humans ; Insurance, Health ; Medical Records ; Patient Discharge ; Pilot Projects ; Pregnancy

PURPOSE: This study was carried out to accumulate basic data for nursing intervention development by evaluating the stress and emotional status of patients and their families after receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), illucidating and analysing related factors in order to decrease the negative effects of HSCT on their emotion. METHODS: Data were collected using a questionnaire to 53 HSCT patients and 50 families, who were older than 18 at tertiary-care institutions in Seoul, from January, 2000 to August, 2003. RESULTS: There was a significant score difference in stress (t=-2.302, p<0.05). Correlation between stress and emotional status was statistically significant (r=0.486, p<0.01; r=0, p<0.05). Economical burden of cost had significant effects on stress of patients (F=4.194, p<0.05). The series of emotional status of patients without jobs were higher (T=-2.583, p<0.05). The emotional status of families were influenced by monthly income (F=4.036, p<0.05) and patients' diagnosis (F=3.088, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the cares for families should be considered with great concern as well as the ones for patients. In addition, such factors as economical burden by medical cost, monthly income and job status should not be excluded in transplantation nursing plans.
Diagnosis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells* ; Humans ; Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul

No abstract available.
Apoptosis* ; Placenta Previa* ; Placenta*

The present study was aimed at investigating the regulation of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) system in association with either enhanced or attenuated activity of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The cardiac tissue mRNA and peptide levels of ANP were measured in rats with two-kidney, one clip (2K1C) or deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension. Plasma renin concentration was increased in 2K1C hypertension along with increases of renin mRNA and protein contents in the clipped kidney. On the contrary, it was suppressed in DOCA-salt hypertension along with decreases of renin mRNA and protein contents in the remaining kidney. The plasma ANP concentration was similarly increased in both models of hypertension. The cardiac tissue ANP contents were not significantly changed, but the tissue ANP mRNA levels were upregulated in the hypertrophied heart in these two models of hypertension. It is suggested that the cardiac ANP system is transcriptionally enhanced by cardiac hypertrophy associated with hypertension, independent of the systemic RAS.
Animal ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor/metabolism* ; Desoxycorticosterone ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hypertension/metabolism* ; Hypertension/chemically induced ; Male ; Myocardium/pathology ; Organ Weight ; Peptides ; RNA, Messenger/analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Renin/genetics* ; Renin/blood* ; Renin-Angiotensin System/physiology

PURPOSE: Venous reflux in primary varicose vein arises from the saphenofemoral junction (SFJ), and the saphenopopliteal junction (SPJ) and it can arise from the non-junctional great saphenous vein (GSV) tributaries and, the non-saphenous veins. Superficial venous surgery (SVS) is associated with a significant improvement in the lower leg venous hemodynamics. We performed a retrospective study to examine the prevalence of the reflux pattern in the primary varicose veins and, to observe any change of non-junctional GSV reflux. METHOD: From May 2004 to July 2005, 481 patients (766 limbs) were diagnosed with venous incompetence by performing a duplex ultrasound examination. A follow-up duplex ultrasound examination was performed for a group of non-junctional GSV reflux patients and for a group of patient having both superficial vein reflux and deep vein reflux. RESULT: The prevalence of SFJ reflux, SPJ reflux, below the knee GSV reflux with competent SFJ and, non saphenous vein reflux was 82%, 13%, 10% and, 4.5% respectively. In the patients with SVS who had deep vein reflux (DVR), DVR was absent in only on two patients (6%). Eight patients (9.1%) of the 88 primary varicose vein patients had asymptomatic left iliac vein obstruction detected by performing an ascending venogram during radiofrequency ablation (RFA). On the duplex findings after SVS, the reflux pattern of left deep venous system was not different from the right deep venous system. CONCLUSION: Varicose veins may occur in any vein, even if junctional reflux is predominant. Careful duplex ultrasound evaluation will delineate the changing pattern of venous reflux with/without SVS. Although superficial venous surgery must fit the patient's map, the results might be variable. Prospective studies are needed to analyze the dynamics of venous reflux after SVS.
Catheter Ablation ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Iliac Vein ; Knee ; Leg ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Saphenous Vein ; Ultrasonography ; Varicose Veins* ; Veins